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101.
102.
Do self‐efficacy and depression predict oral impacts on daily performances across time? A 2‐yr follow‐up of students in Tanzania
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This study aimed to assess the longitudinal validity of the oral impacts on daily performance (OIDP) and to identify psychosocial determinants, in terms of self‐efficacy and depressive symptoms, of the OIDP across time. Following conceptual frameworks of oral health, it was hypothesized that sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors predict oral impacts across time at both population‐ averaged and person‐specific levels. Whether the effects of sociodemographic and clinical factors were accounted for, totally or in part, by psychosocial factors were also investigated. Self administered questionnaires and oral clinical examinations at baseline (2009) and follow‐up (2011) were completed by 1,714 and 727 secondary school students, respectively. Generalized equalized equations and a random intercept model were used to account for the dependency in repeated observations. Mean OIDP change scores were negative (worsened) among those who reported worsened self‐reported oral health. Psychosocial, clinical, and sociodemographic factors were independently associated with oral impacts at the population‐averaged and person‐specific levels. Mediation of sociodemographic and clinical variables according to psychosocial variables was not observed. Satisfactory longitudinal evaluative properties of the OIDP, and independent effects of psychosocial factors on oral impacts across time, were confirmed among secondary school students in Tanzania. 相似文献
103.
Mary C. Davis Morris A. Okun Denise Kruszewski Alex J. Zautra Howard Tennen 《The journal of pain》2010,11(12):1338-1347
Fatigue is a common, disabling symptom for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study 1) examined sex differences in the relations between daily changes in positive and negative interpersonal events and same-day and next-day fatigue and 2) tested positive affect and negative affect as mediators of the associations between changes in interpersonal events and fatigue. Reports of fatigue, number of positive and negative interpersonal events, and positive and negative affect were assessed daily for 30 days via diaries in 228 men and women diagnosed with RA. Days of higher than average daily positive events were associated with both decreased same-day fatigue and increased next-day fatigue, but only among women. Sex differences in same-day relations between positive events and fatigue were mediated by increases in positive affect. For both sexes, days of higher than average daily negative events related to increased same-day and next-day fatigue, and the same-day relations between negative events and fatigue were mediated by increases in negative affect. A more nuanced understanding of similarities and differences between men and women in the associations between changes in interpersonal events and fatigue may inform future interventions for RA fatigue. 相似文献
104.
Gaugler JE Kane RL Kane RA Newcomer R 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2005,53(12):2098-2105
OBJECTIVES: To determine how unmet needs for activity of daily living tasks influenced nursing home placement, death, or loss to follow-up in dementia. DESIGN: An 18-month longitudinal design, with interviews administered every 6 months. SETTING: Eight catchment areas in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand eight hundred thirty-one dementia patients and their caregivers were included at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Measures of sociodemographic context of care; functional, cognitive, and behavioral status of care recipients; caregiver stress and well-being; and formal and informal resources served as covariates. The independent variables of interest were unweighted unmet care need scores and unmet need scores weighted by importance and severity in a prior sample of older consumers of long-term care. Outcomes included nursing home placement, death, and loss to follow-up. RESULTS: Cox regression models suggested that greater unmet need was predictive of nursing home placement, death, and loss to follow-up. These results were apparent when the unweighted and the weighted scores for unmet need with activity of daily living dependencies were used. CONCLUSION: Unmet need may be useful in identifying dementia care recipients at risk for nursing home placement and death. Further study of unmet need is needed to effectively assess and target intervention protocols during the course of dementia. 相似文献
105.
抗菌药物使用的多变量监控 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的 建立基于多变量数据分析(multivariate data analysis,MVA)的抗菌药物监控模型,为规范临床抗菌药物的合理使用提供依据。方法 提取浙江省立同德医院住院患者2011—2013年共12个季度81种抗菌药物的用药频度(defined daily doses,DDDs)数据,建立主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)模型。通过构建得分图和X区块模型距离(distance to model X block,DModX)控制图,结合变量贡献图,对不同季度的抗菌药物进行监控,评价季度一致性,分析导致异常的原因。结果 2011年第4季度和2012年、2013年4个季度抗菌药物DDDs的一致性较好。2011年第1~3季度的DModX统计值超出了控制限,主要原因为3种特殊使用级抗菌药物(头孢噻利、夫西地酸、去甲万古霉素)、8种限制使用级抗菌药物(头孢米诺、哌拉西林/舒巴坦、阿莫西林/舒巴坦、呋苄西林、头孢丙烯、头孢唑肟、异帕米星、奥硝唑)和4种非限制使用级抗菌药物(氯唑西林、头孢氨苄、头孢羟氨苄、头孢噻肟)的DDDs偏高。结论 本研究证明了MVA在抗菌药物监控中的有效性,为临床抗菌药物监控提供新的方法。 相似文献
106.
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108.
Triclosan exhibits a tendency to accumulate in the epididymis and shows sperm toxicity in male sprague‐dawley rats
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Zhou Lan Tae Hyung Kim Kai Shun Bi Xiao Hui Chen Hyung Sik Kim 《Environmental toxicology》2015,30(1):83-91
Triclosan (TCS) is considered a potent endocrine disruptor that causes reproductive toxicity in non‐mammals, but it is still unclear exactly whether TCS has adverse effects on the sperm or reproductive organs in mammals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the distribution status of TCS in male reproductive organs of rats, and seek the correlation with the TCS‐induced sperm toxicity or reproductive organ damage. Male rats were intragastrically administered with TCS at a dose of 50 mg/kg, the kinetics of TCS in the plasma and reproductive organs were investigated. TCS in testes and prostates both showed a lower‐level distritbution compared to that in the plasma, which indicates it has no tendency to accumulate in those organs. However, TCS in the epididymides showed a longer elimination half‐life (t1/2z), a longer the mean retention time (MRT), and a lower clearance (CLZ/F) compared with those in the plasma. Besides, the ratios of mean area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC)0–96h(epididymides/plasma) and AUC0–∞(epididymides/plasma) were 1.13 and 1.51, respectively. These kinetic parameters suggest TCS has an accumulation tendency in the epididymides. Based on this, we investigated the TCS‐induced sperm toxicity and histopathological changes of reproductive organs in rats. TCS was given intragastrically at doses of 10, 50, and 200 mg/kg for 8 weeks. Rats treated with the high dose (200 mg/kg) of TCS showed a significant decrease in daily sperm production (DSP), changes in sperm morphology and epididymal histopathology. Considering the histopathological change in the epididymides, TCS may induce the epididymal damage due to the epididymal accumulation of that. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 83–91, 2015. 相似文献
109.
T.M. Sundfør M. Svendsen S. Tonstad 《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2018,28(7):698-706
Background & aims
Long-term adherence to conventional weight-loss diets is limited while intermittent fasting has risen in popularity. We compared the effects of intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss, maintenance and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with abdominal obesity and ≥1 additional component of metabolic syndrome.Methods & results
In total 112 participants (men [50%] and women [50%]) aged 21–70 years with BMI 30–45 kg/m2 (mean 35.2 [SD 3.7]) were randomized to intermittent or continuous energy restriction. A 6-month weight-loss phase including 10 visits with dieticians was followed by a 6-month maintenance phase without additional face-to-face counselling. The intermittent energy restriction group was advised to consume 400/600 kcal (female/male) on two non-consecutive days. Based on dietary records both groups reduced energy intake by ~26–28%. Weight loss was similar among participants in the intermittent and continuous energy restriction groups (8.0 kg [SD 6.5] versus 9.0 kg [SD 7.1]; p = 0.6). There were favorable improvements in waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol with no difference between groups. Weight regain was minimal and similar between the intermittent and continuous energy restriction groups (1.1 kg [SD 3.8] versus 0.4 kg [SD 4.0]; p = 0.6). Intermittent restriction participants reported higher hunger scores than continuous restriction participants on a subjective numeric rating scale (4.7 [SD 2.2] vs 3.6 [SD 2.2]; p = 0.002).Conclusions
Both intermittent and continuous energy restriction resulted in similar weight loss, maintenance and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors after one year. However, feelings of hunger may be more pronounced during intermittent energy restriction.110.
《Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology》2022,20(6):e1426-e1437
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