温州市农村贫困人群卫生服务需求和利用分析

通过对近2000份调查表的分析,评价温州市农村贫困人群在就诊过程中对医疗机构的选择、未就诊原因方面的特点,提出提高卫生服务利用的方法。     

白内障扶贫复明手术探讨

目的：探讨山区白内障扶贫复明手术。方法：采用改良现代白内障囊外摘出术或小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术，对2675只眼白内障施行复明手术。结果：术后第一天矫正视力0．3者57只眼(2．13％)，0．5～0．8者1829只眼(68．37％)，≥0．9者509只眼(19．03％)。角膜水肿71只眼(2.65％)，后囊膜破裂致玻璃体脱出87只眼(3．25％)，全部均可同时植入人工晶体。结论：采用改良的白内障摘除手术，做到开源节流，既能使更多的贫困患者接受复明手术，又保证了手术质量。     

Mortality and suicide rates of involuntarily committed patients

The mortality and suicide rates for involuntarily committed patients in Denmark are presented. Two cohorts of psychiatric patients committed to a mental hospital from January 1, 1971 to December 31, 1975 (8322 people) and January 1, 1981 to December 31, 1985 (5253 people) have been followed. The standard mortality rate (SMR) in relation to the total Danish population were 4.9 (4.5–5.4) and 5.2 (4.7–5.8), respectively, for the two cohorts, during the first year after involuntarily commitment to a mental hospital. During the same period, the SMR for suicide among the committed patients were 44.9 (37.1–53.9) and 30.9 (24.2–38.9), respectively. The crude suicide rates among the committed patients during the first year after the commitment were 14.3 and 14.0, respectively, per 1000 years, unchanged between the cohorts. Short length of stay in hospital (< 14 days), a nonpsychotic main diagnosis, male sex, and age 35 years or more were equally related to high risk of suicide in the 1971 cohort as evaluated to proportional hazard methods (Cox regression), and short length of stay and commitment on the danger indication provided the most information in relation to high suicidal risk in the 1981 cohort. Methodological problems and the reasons for the results are discussed.     

老年人健康行为与心理健康关系的调查

目的探讨老年人的健康行为与心理健康之间的关系。方法采用候玉波等编制的健康行为量表和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对300名老年人进行测试,并进行相关分析。结果不同年龄和文化程度老年人在健康行为与心理健康方面有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;参与活动与心理健康水平呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）;心理应激、不良生活习惯与心理健康呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。结论积极参与各项活动、减少各种心理应激和建立良好的生活习惯有利于提高老年人的心理健康水平。     

The social sciences and successful aging: Issues for Asia–Oceania

Aim:   This paper presents social science understandings of successful aging for a broad audience in multidisciplinary gerontology in Asia–Oceania.
Methods:   The international literature on social science aspects of successful aging is reviewed with a focus on Asia and social improvement.
Results:   New positive approaches to aging research are identifying opportunities for maintaining capacities and well-being over the life course. Successful aging, productive aging, and active aging are key concepts. Increasing life expectancy and fertility control are major social achievements that underpin population aging as the mainstream social transformation facing the world. Asia will be at the forefront of this change and the consequences will vary greatly between cultures, nations, and subgroups within them. Older people generally maintain good quality of life and the capacity to 'age well' is influenced by life-long maturation and emotional, social, and economic resources. Good health can be enhanced through positive actions such as physical activity, good nutrition, and not smoking. Mental capacities can also be improved and maintained throughout old age. In advanced old age, the 'fourth age', the focus turns to ameliorating the effects of loss and to maintaining dignity.
Conclusions:   The social sciences contribute knowledge useful for improving life experiences for older people and aging societies. Population aging is central to national economic development. Public policy and individual action concerning aging can benefit all age groups. To better inform these developments it is important to address the serious shortfall of social science research on aging in the Asia–Oceania region.     

老年股骨颈骨折围手术期的治疗分析

目的探讨老年人股骨颈骨折的治疗及围手术期的处理。方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2006年12月手术治疗的201例老年股骨颈骨折患者资料，其中男51例，女150例，年龄60～98岁，平均78．2岁。按Garden分型，Ⅱ型20例，Ⅲ型86例，Ⅳ型95例。采用多枚中空螺钉固定、Morre型人工股骨头置换术或双极人工股骨头置换手术进行治疗。结果本组患者平均住院10～14d，5～7d即能早期下床活动，住院期间及术后1年内无一例死亡。85％患者获得8个月～4年（平均2年）的随访，功能恢复按Harris评分，优良率为85％。结论老年人各脏器机能衰退，多同时合并各种内科疾病，手术治疗存在风险，但老年人股骨颈骨折的手术治疗仍能取得满意疗效。     

Polymorphic distribution of Y-chromosome haplotype and mitochondrial DNA in the Bouyei people in China

In the evolution of humans, many kinds of mutations in the human genome have been accumulated, providing credible genetic evidence for the study of human origins and migrations. The "out-of-Africa" hypothesis of modern human evolution and the genetic origin of the Japanese has come about by studying mitochondrial DNA.l,2 Recently, researchers have recognized the power of Y-chromosome markers in resolving migratory patterns of modern humans as more and more Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism markers have been found. The markers on the nonrecombinant part of the Y-chromosome allows for the reconstruction of intact haplotypes which are probably the best genetic tools to study human migrations. We can analyze the paternal history of some people in different areas by Y-chromosome haplotypes.     

舒降之治疗老年人高脂血症的疗效观察

目的：观察舒降之（辛伐他汀）20mg每日一次降脂的临床疗效。方法：选35例老年高脂血症患者接受舒降之20mg,每日1次（晚上顿服）治疗,疗程8周。观察治疗前后血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）。结果：治疗8周后,血清TC、TG、LDL-C较入组前分别降低了29.20%、24.75%、32.87%（均P〈0.01）,其中,降低TC的总有效率为93.54%、降低TG的总有效率为59.26%。HDL-C较入组前升高了14.12%（P〈0.01）,升高HDL-C的总有效率为54.54%。结论：舒降之20mg,每日1次服用,安全有效,对改善老年人高脂血症有显著疗效。     

中老年人膳食和体液免疫水平的调查

作者调查了１６１例（男：９８，女：６３）中老年人的营养素摄入量、血浆蛋白及体液免疫水平。结果：该人群的大部分人热能的摄入量达ＲＤＡ值；膳食蛋白质、维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、Ｃ、锌和铁的摄入量较低；脂肪摄入量按热能比高于３０％者约占３０％；血浆总蛋白、球蛋白水平较低，尤其是女性；免疫球蛋白ＩｇＡ偏低，ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ偏高。