家庭环境与外伤后脑出血患者抑郁的相关性分析

目的：探讨家庭环境与外伤后脑出血患者抑郁的关系.方法：采用中文版家庭环境量表和汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）对96例外伤后脑出血患者进行问卷调查,根据是否存在抑郁,分为抑郁组和非抑郁组.比较2组家庭环境量表各分量表评分的差别,采用Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析探讨家庭环境对脑出血后抑郁的影响.结果：96例脑出血患者术后1周有41例（42.71％）出现抑郁;抑郁组亲密度、独立性、情感表达评分均显著低于非抑郁组（P＜0.05）;HAMD评分与亲密度、独立性、情感表达均呈显著负相关（均P＜0.05）;多元回归分析显示,家庭环境中的亲密度和情感表达为外伤后脑出血患者抑郁的影响因素（均P＜0.05）.结论：家庭环境中的亲密度和情感表达与外伤后脑出血患者抑郁关系密切.     

HbA1c在鉴别颅脑外伤患者应激性血糖升高与糖尿病血糖升高的探讨

目的：探讨糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）在鉴别颅脑外伤患者应激性血糖升高与糖尿病血糖升高中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析我院于2012年5月-2013年4月收治的210例因颅脑外伤住院且血糖升高患者的临床资料,所有患者均进行糖化血红蛋白检测,同时选取健康体检人员60例作为对照组,前两组患者均给予相应的治疗,观察治疗过程中血糖和糖化血红蛋白的变化规律以及对照组患者的空腹血糖和HbA1c水平变化规律。结果：根据糖化血红蛋白是否升高将其分为两组,HbA1c正常组（应激性血糖升高117例）与HbA1c升高组（糖尿病血糖升高93例）。较于对照组,两组的HbA1c含量均有提高,而且糖尿病血糖升高患者组的HbA1c含量明显高于应激性血糖升高组,对比差异有统计学意义。结论：HbA1c是鉴别颅脑外伤患者应激性血糖升高和糖尿病血糖升高的一个良好指标,在颅脑外伤病人入院后应该把糖化血红蛋白检测作为治疗方案的分组依据,以采取及时正确的治疗方案。     

老年重型颅脑损伤早期观察及护理

目的:通过对老年人重型颅脑损伤患者的早期救治、动态观察及护理,积累丰富的临床经验. 好地指导工作.方法:对56例老年人重型颅脑损伤患者早期严密观察神志、瞳孔、脉搏、呼吸、血压及肢体活动、心电图变化,准确地对病情进行判断和评估,更好地掌握疾病的演变过程,采取恰当护理措施.结果:治愈21例(37.5%),中残15例(26.8%),重残8例(14.2%),死亡8例(14.2%),放弃治疗自动出院4例.结论:早期对老年重型颅脑损伤患者实施严密病情观察,准确地判断病情变化,采取有效护理措施,有助于提高治愈率,降低致残率和死亡率.     

准分子激光角膜屈光术后皮质类固醇性高眼压泪液蛋白变化的初步研究

目的 探讨准分子激光角膜屈光手术前、术后不同时间点和术后激素性高眼压患者泪液总蛋白和各主要蛋白成分的变化.方法 准分子激光角膜屈光术后激素性高眼压患者23例,正常眼压患者术前、术后1周地塞米松组、术后1周氟米龙组、术后1个月、术后3个月各10例,分别取基础泪液5 μl,采用BCA法测泪液总蛋白浓度,SDS-PAGE 法鉴定泪液中各主要蛋白成分的变化,采用SPSS 10.0统计软件进行分析.结果 泪液总蛋白的浓度检测结果显示:术后1周地塞米松组明显高于其他各组(P＜0.05),1个月降至术前水平,术后1周氟米龙组明显低于术后1周地塞米松组;高眼压组变化同正常眼压组,与正常眼压组对应时间点之间无显著差异(P＞0.05).SDS-PAGE结果显示:高眼压组泪液乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶浓度均高于其他各组(P＜0.05),其它蛋白组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 准分子激光角膜屈光术后1周泪液总蛋白含量明显增加,高眼压者泪液总蛋白变化趋势同正常眼压组;准分子激光角膜屈光术后激素性高眼压患者泪液溶菌酶及乳铁蛋白含量增加.     

颅脑爆震伤动物模型影像学变化的实验研究

目的:研究不同程度单纯颅脑爆震伤动物模型颅脑影像学的变化特点. 方法:20只犬随机分为2组,爆炸源距犬右侧额顶部分别为9 mm(A组)和13 mm(B组),爆炸球冲击波致伤. 观察比较犬致伤6 h后颅脑CT的变化和脑组织的病理改变. 结果:经颅脑CT观察测量,A组实验犬右侧额顶部硬膜下血肿量(mL)明显高于B组(10.03±0.43 vs 2.11±0.40, P＜0.05). 结论:爆震伤后颅脑CT上均可见明显的脑挫裂伤和硬膜下血肿等阳性表现,不同伤情的硬膜下血肿量有明显差异.     

腹部创伤急救的439例临床特点分析

目的 分析探讨腹部创伤急救的临床特点.方法 选择武警北京总队第三医院急救门诊2011年3月至2013年3月收治的439腹部创伤患者为研究对象,分析总结患者发生创伤的临床特点.结果 16例患者死亡,病死率为3.64%,其中腹部严重创伤合并脑疝4例,多个腹腔脏器损伤并发生衰竭6例,腹腔大出血或腹膜损伤出现水肿6例,其余423例患者痊愈,治愈率为96.36%.结论 腹腔创伤患者的临床特点为病情复杂,病变速度快,多合并内脏、骨骼和胸腔创伤,多以缺血性休克和脏器衰竭结束生命,诊断和治疗应同时进行,为患者争取最佳治疗时间.     

Field intubation of trauma patients: Complications, indications, and outcomes

Neither the success nor the complication rate for field intubation of trauma patients is known with any certainty. A retrospective audit of 94 severely injured patients who required field intubation was undertaken. Fifty percent (13 of 26) of survivors and 67% (37 of 71) of nonsurvivors were successfully intubated in the field (not significant). Mechanism of injury was similar in both groups, but survivors were younger (27 v 60 years, P = .049) and less critically injured, as reflected by their Injury Severity Scale scores, their Trauma Scores, and their field Glasgow Coma Scale scores (22.1 v 30.8, P = .0035; 7.7 v 4.2, P < .0002; and 6.3 v 3.3, P < .0001). When compared with previously published studies of medical patients with cardiac arrest, the success rate was lower in our trauma patients. When compared with patients having similar injuries intubated at the trauma center, field intubation was three times more likely to be associated with the development of nosocomial pneumonia than was hospital intubation.     

The formation of cocaethylene and clinical presentation of ED patients testing positive for the use of cocaine and ethanol

The purpose of this investigation was to document the clinical presentation of emergency department (ED) patients who tested positive for concurrent cocaine (COC) and ethanol (EtOH) use and the incidence of cocaethylene (CE) formation in this study population. Four study groups were evaluated: (1) drug-free, (2) EtOH-only, (3) COC-only, and (4) COC plus EtOH. CE was detected in plasma or urine specimens in 88% of the COC/EtOH-positive patients, and correlated directly with plasma COC and its metabolite benzoylecognine. Blood pressure and body temperature did not vary across study groups. COC/EtOH-positive patients displayed a significantly higher mean respiratory rate while the EtOH-only study group had an elevated mean heart rate. No significant differences were detected with respect to cardiac and neurological complaints between study groups. Trauma complaints in the drug-positive groups were more frequent than the incidence reported in the drug-free population. COC/EtOH-positive patients had the greatest percentage of trauma complaints (34.6%). Nearly half of the patients who tested positive for CE cited trauma as the primary reason for reporting to the ED. We conclude that ED patients who have concurrently used COC and EtOH are more closely associated with presentations related to traumatic injury than to those related to toxicologic complications.     

Nalbuphine analgesia in the prehospital setting

Forty-six patients with moderate to severe pain caused by orthopedic injuries, burns, multiple trauma, or intraabdominal conditions were treated with intravenous (IV) nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain; DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE) by paramedics before arrival at the hospital. Patients who weighed less than 60 kg received 15 mg nalbuphine, and patients weighing greater than 60 kg received 20 mg nalbuphine. Forty-one of 46 patients (89%) experienced pain relief from nalbuphine, with maximum relief occurring within 15 minutes after the administration of the drug. Two addicted patients received no pain relief. There were no untoward side effects following nalbuphine administration, and the patients' heart rates, mean arterial pressures, and respiratory rates remained constant and stable throughout the study period. Repeated assessment of the patient by paramedics in the field was not impaired by nalbuphine treatment. In summary, nalbuphine hydrochloride is a useful and safe analgesic drug for IV use by paramedics in the prehospital setting.     

小儿胰腺损伤诊治分析

目的探讨小儿胰腺损伤临床特点及诊治方法。方法我院自2004年8月～2011年12月共收治胰腺损伤患儿13例,其中Ⅰ度胰腺损伤3例,Ⅱ度7例,Ⅲ度2例,Ⅳ度1例;淀粉酶升高4例。13例患儿均经病史、腹部查体、淀粉酶检测、B超及CT明确诊断,4例经手术探查证实。结果 3例Ⅰ度及6例Ⅱ度经非手术治疗;1例Ⅱ度行腹腔广泛引流;1例Ⅲ度胰腺损伤因膜膜炎行剖探查术,术中见腹腔中等量积液,胰腺中部断裂,胰管未断裂,行断裂修补,局部引流;1例Ⅲ度因形成胰腺假性囊肿行胰腺囊肿-空肠Roux-Y吻合术;1例Ⅳ度行胰腺断裂近端缝合、远端胰腺空肠Roux-Y吻合术。所有患儿均临床治愈。结论小儿胰腺损伤因其症状往往较为隐匿,诊断较为困难,了解胰腺损伤的机制及高度警戒心理有利于胰腺损伤的早期诊断及恰当治疗。胰淀粉酶及脂肪酶升高在胰腺损伤诊断中并不可靠;螺旋CT增强扫描检查应作为胰腺损伤首选检查方法;轻度胰腺损伤多可非手术治愈,重型胰腺损伤合并腹膜炎表现需行剖腹探查并相应处理。