FLUOXETINE ALTERS MU OPIOID RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN OBESE ZUCKER RAT EXTRAHYPOTHALAMIC REGIONS

The aim of this article was to describe the effects of chronic fluoxetine on mu opioid receptor expression in obese Zucker rat extrahypothalamic regions. Male obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats were administered with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg; i.p.) daily for two weeks. Brain regional immunostaining for mu opioid receptor was carried out. An increase in the numbers of neural cells immunostained for mu opioid receptor in caudatus-putamen, dentate gyrus, lateral septum, amygdala, and frontal, parietal, and piriform cortices was observed. Increased mu opioid receptor expression in the central amygdaloid nuclei suggests a decreased opioidergic tone at this level that could be involved in fluoxetine anorectic action.     

代谢综合征MSG肥胖大鼠胰岛β 细胞功能紊乱机制的初步研究

评价代谢综合征动物模型MSG肥胖大鼠的胰岛β细胞功能，并对其功能紊乱机制进行初步研究。采用高葡萄糖钳夹技术证实肥胖性胰岛素抵抗MSG大鼠存在β细胞功能缺陷，GIR值较正常动物降低33.8%［MSG (23.1±3.2) mg·kg^{-1·min-1， NOR (34.9±8.4) mg·kg-1·min-1， P<0.05］；考察病理与生化指标显示MSG大鼠胰岛β细胞数目减少，胰腺甘油三酯含量、NO含量显著增加，SOD水平、胰腺线粒体中总ATP酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性均显著降低。结果提示，肥胖性胰岛素抵抗MSG大鼠具有典型的代谢综合征特征，同时伴有胰岛β细胞功能缺陷。这可能与其肥胖导致的炎症因子增加，机体抗氧化能力及膜结构中ATP酶活性下降有关。}     

南门地区高血压与肥胖关系细析及饮食建议

目的探讨南门地区成人肥胖与高血压的关系,并提出饮食方面的建议。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,有效调查6个居委会35岁及以上的常住（5年及以上）居民1 265人,进行入户问卷调查及现场体检。采用SPSS 11.0统计计算患病率、百分构成比、Logistic回归以及相关项等,分析肥胖与高血压及其他相关因素的关系。患病率用2000年全国人口普查资料进行标化。结果成人人口数经标准化后的肥胖现患率为34.66%,腰围超标率为47.6%。肥胖组的高血压患病率与标准体重者相比相对危险度（RR）为4.65,与超重者相比相对危险度为2.17,腰围超标者与正常者相比高血压患病率的RR为02.90,且均有统计学意义。肥胖、腰臀超标与年龄、文化程度、喜食高脂肪食物、缺乏锻炼等因素有关。结论高血压的主要危险因素是肥胖等身体行为因素。政府部门应针对人群在不同地区、性别、年龄等的不同特征,采取综合防治干预措施,改善不良饮食行为习惯,降低或消除肥胖等危险因素,减少以高血压为主的系列慢性病的发生、发展,提高居民的生命质量,达到全民健康的目的。     

肥胖儿童血清瘦素水平与体格发育的关系

目的分析单纯性肥胖儿童血清瘦素、胰岛素、甲状腺素水平及其与体格发育的关系。方法对筛选出来的单纯性肥胖及体质量正常儿童各41例血清瘦素、空腹胰岛素、甲状腺素进行定量测定,并进行骨龄评定和体格测量。结果肥胖组血清瘦素、胰岛素、FT3含量均显著高于对照组;两组身高无显著差异;肥胖组坐高、足长、骨龄、血压等指标显著高于体质量正常儿童。结论肥胖儿童血清瘦素、胰岛素、FT3水平较高,瘦素可能对胰岛素、甲状腺素的分泌有正向调节作用;肥胖儿童体格发育较对照组早、快;可能与其血胰岛素及FT3水平较高有直接关系,而与瘦素水平较高可能是间接关系。     

Zucker obese rats: defect in brain histamine control of feeding

Manipulation of hypothalamic histamine produced different effects on feeding between the Zucker obese (fa/fa) and their lean littermate rats (Fa/−). Infusion of a histamine H₁-receptor antagonist into the third cerebroventricle elicited feeding in the lean and Wistar King A rats, but it did not affect feeding in the obese rats. To enhance hypothalamic neuronal histamine, thioperamide, an H₃-receptor antagonist, was similarly infused. The lean and Wistar rats decreased their food intake after the infusion, but thioperamide produced no significant effect on feeding in the obese rats. Infusion of histamine into the third cerebroventricle mimicked the effects of thioperamide on feeding: reduction of food intake in the lean and Wistar rats, but no significant change in the obese rats. Hypothalamic histamine of the obese rats (0.430 nmol/g) was significantly lower than the lean (1.209 nmol/g) and Wistar rats (4.838 nmol/g). The histamine concentration of the cerebral cortex in the obese rats was also lower than the non-obese animals. The results indicate that the feeding abnormality of Zucker obese rats may be at least due to disturbance of histamine suppressive signals both at presynaptic and postsynaptic levels.     

Indigofera arrecta prevents the development of hyperglycaemia in the db/db mouse

Genetically obese diabetic and nondiabetic mice, and their lean littermates were used to evaluate an aqueous extract of Indigofera arrecta which is used for the treatment of diabetes. Control animals were given water instead of the extract over a 90 day period, and measurements of blood glucose and body weight were done at approximately 30-day intervals. The development of hyperglycaemia associated with the diabetic mice over a time period was absent when the mice were on the extract. Blood glucose levels of littermates of both mutant strains, and the mild hyperglycaemia of the obese nondiabetic mice were not affected. The extract significantly lowered the body weight of both types of obese mutant mice but did not affect the body weight of the littermates.     

Postoperative complications are not increased in super-super obese patients who undergo laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Background It has been suggested that super-super obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥60 kg/m²) increases the risk of complications after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LapRYGB). We hypothesized that a higher BMI does not increase risk the morbidity or mortality rate.Methods Complication rates for patients with a BMI ≥60 kg/m² were compared to those for patients with a BMI <60 kg/m² who underwent LapRYGB during the same time period. Differences between the groups were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test, t-tests, and analysis of variance.Results Forty-five patients with a BMI ≥60 kg/m² and 640 patients with a BMI <60 kg/m² underwent LapRYGB. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the complication or mortality rates. Excess weight loss was less, but actual weight lost was greater in the BMI ≥60 kg/m² group.Conclusions The complication and mortality rates are not increased in super-super obese patients who undergo LapRYGB. Acceptable weight loss can be achieved safely in these patients.     

Calculation of resting energy expenditure in obese children

For the calculation of resting energy expenditure, which is the main part of total energy expenditure in children with low physical activity, Fusch et al. have developed an equation.
Conclusion : This equation might be useful for research but not in daily work with obese patients.     

肥胖儿童脂肪肝与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的了解肥胖儿童非酒精性脂肪肝(NASH)的发病情况及与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法对125例肥胖儿童行肝脏B超检查及血生化检查;对其中36例肥胖伴NASH儿童和41例无并发症的单纯肥胖儿童,以及22例对照儿童空腹行口服葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素释放试验,计算体重指数(BMI)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA蛳IR)、总体胰岛素敏感指数(WBISI)和葡萄糖、胰岛素曲线下面积之比(AUCINS/AUCBG)。结果NASH在肥胖儿童中的发生率为28.8%;NASH组BMI、HOMA蛳IR、AUCINS/AUCBG均明显高于单纯肥胖组和对照组熏WBISI明显低于单纯肥胖组和对照组;单纯肥胖组HOMA蛳IR、AUCINS/AUCBG均明显高于对照组。结论肥胖儿童中NASH发生率较高;NASH儿童存在严重的胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素抵抗可能是NASH重要发病机制之一。