循证护理的理论与实践

手术安全 3相关证据 3.3预防手术相关错误的规范 JCAHO在2004年的病人安全目标中特别将"避免错误的手术部位、错误的手术病人及错误的手术方式,建立并使用术前确认的程序"作为主要目标之一.同时诸多医疗卫生行政机构和专业团体的专家和学者,通过大量的临床研究证据,结合自身积累的丰富经验,建立了预防手术相关错误的规则.     

Chronic kidney disease stressors influence choice of dialysis modality

harwood l., wilson b., sontrop j. & clark a.m. (2012)?Chronic kidney disease stressors influence choice of dialysis modality. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2454-2465. ABSTRACT: Aim. This article is a report of a study examining the relationships between chronic kidney disease stressors and coping strategies with dialysis modality. Background. People with chronic kidney disease are given information to enable dialysis modality choice. This education increases awareness and may alleviate concerns and stress. Disease-related stressors and coping may affect dialysis selection. Understanding the influence of stress and coping on dialysis choices will assist in providing responsive programmes. Reducing stress and encouraging coping may increase home dialysis which, despite economic and patient benefits, remains underused. Design. A prospective correlational design was used. Methods. Information was obtained from the Chronic Kidney Disease Stress Inventory and the Jalowiec Coping Scale in 223 individuals not on dialysis between the years 2005-2007. Data were recorded with respect to modality at dialysis initiation (n?=?76) from 2005-2010. The effects of stress, coping and patient parameters on modality selection were compared using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results. Individuals on home dialysis vs. in-centre haemodialysis reported significantly fewer pre-dialysis stressors. Coping was not associated with dialysis modality. Individuals on in-centre haemodialysis had a lower serum creatinine, less advanced kidney disease and weighed more than those who started on a home therapy. Physiological stressors were most common and are amenable to interventions. Conclusion. Pre-dialysis stress levels predicted dialysis modality. Interventional studies are recommended to address chronic kidney disease stressors with the outcome of improving home-dialysis usage.     

Comparing midwife-led and doctor-led maternity care: a systematic review of reviews

sutcliffe k., caird j., kavanagh j., rees r., oliver k., dickson k., woodman j., barnett-paIge e. & thomas j. (2012)?Comparing midwife-led and doctor-led maternity care: a systematic review of reviews. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2376-2386. ABSTRACT: Aims. A report of a systematic review of reviews which examines the impact of having midwives-led maternity care for low-risk women, rather than physicians. Background. A rising birth rate, increasing complexity of births, and economic constraints pose difficulties for maternity services in the UK. Evidence about the most effective, cost-effective, and efficient ways to give maternity services is needed. Data sources. Searches were carried out in August-September 2009 of ten electronic databases, 16 key nursing and research websites, and reference lists of 56 relevant reviews. We also contacted 38 experts for information. No date restrictions were employed. Review methods. A narrative review of systematic reviews or 'meta review' was conducted using transparent and systematic procedures to limit bias at all stages. Systematic reviews that compared midwife-led care during pregnancy and birth with physician-led care were eligible for inclusion. Results. Three meta-analytic reviews were included. Midwife-led care for low-risk women was found to be better for a range of maternal outcomes, reduced the number of procedures in labour, and increased satisfaction with care. For some maternal, foetal, and neonatal outcomes reviews found no evidence that care led by midwives is different to that led by physicians. No adverse outcomes associated with midwife-led care were identified. Conclusions. For low-risk women, health and other benefits can result from having their maternity care led by midwives rather than physicians. Moreover, there appear to be no negative impacts on mothers and infants receiving midwife-led care.     

Opinions on the provision of dental care in Iowa nursing homes

Using a stratified random sample, a questionnaire was mailed to 400 practicing dentists and 200 directors of nursing (DONs). Response rates were 58.3% for dentists and 50% for DONs. Dentists were representative of Iowa dentists, with 85% male, mean age 49.1 years, and 22.4 years in practice. All DONs were female, with mean age of 44.9 years. Of the participating dentists, 86% had provided dental care for nursing home residents, but the majority of care was completed in dental offices. Three‐quarters of dentists were somewhat/not interested in nursing home dentistry. Dentists and DONs held common perceptions of the most frequent problems related to care provision at nursing homes: low financial reimbursement, especially for Medicaid patients; no portable dental equipment; no suitable area for dentistry; dentist's preference to treat patients at their dental practice; and transportation of residents to a dental practice. Dentists and DONs had some differing perceptions about oral health care (p < .01). Minimal dental care was provided on‐site at Iowa nursing homes.     

个体化健康管理对改善成年男性下尿路症状的效果评价

目的 探讨个体化健康管理对改善成年男性下尿路症状的效果.方法 对100例成年男性下尿路症状患者进行为期一年的个性化健康管理.结果 健康管理后患者的国际前列腺症状评分下降、生活质量评分提高,与管理前比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);健康管理后患者勃起功能国际问卷-5评分明显下降,与管理前比较差异具有统计学意义(P...