稀土“常乐”益植素的诱变性试验研究

稀土＂常乐＂益植素是一种农用稀土产品，其成分是以轻稀土为主的硝酸盐。本文采用灵敏度较高的小鼠胎肝微核试验和精子畸形试验对该农用稀土的硝酸盐的诱变作用进行了检测，结果表明，它对敏感性较高的胎肝微核呈阴性反应，可认为稀土硝酸盐在短期接触情况下对哺乳动物的体细胞未引起遗传学的损伤。精子畸变试验的结果亦表明稀土硝酸盐在较大剂量接触的条件下，未引起哺乳动物生殖细胞的突变作用，可初步推断稀土元素在农业上使用是比较安全的。     

硝酸毛果芸香碱壳聚糖滴眼液的制备及初步药效学考察

目的:以壳聚糖为增黏剂,制备硝酸毛果芸香碱壳聚糖滴眼液,以增强其疗效,减少给药次数。方法:经筛选选定本品处方及制备方法,对其性状、黏度、含量、稳定性等质量进行检测,并通过对比毛果芸香碱壳聚糖滴眼液与毛果芸香碱滴眼液对兔眼的缩瞳作用,对其药效进行初步考察。结果:壳聚糖的加入不影响主药的理化性质,对其含量测定亦无干扰且可延长滴眼液在眼部的滞留时间,具有延长药效的作用。结论:本品制备简单,质量稳定,疗效确切,具有临床应用价值。     

高效液相色谱法测定力康洗剂中硝酸益康唑含量

目的用高效液相色谱法（HPLC法）测定力康洗剂中硝酸益康唑含量。方法采用C18色谱柱，流动相为甲醇-0．05m01／L磷酸二氢钾（82：18），检测波长为235Bin。结果硝酸益康唑浓度线性范围为4．0～45．0μg／mL（r=0．9999），日内、日间精密度的RSD〈1％，平均回收率为99．85％，RSD为0．27％。结论HPLC法简单易行，快速准确，可用于该制剂的质量分析。     

Titrimetric and spectrophotometric assay of some antihistamines through the determination of the chloride of their hydrochlorides

Two simple, rapid and reliable methods for the determination of four antihistamines based on the measurement of the chloride of their hydrochlorides are described. In the titrimetric method, the chloride content of each drug is determined by titrating with mercury(II) nitrate using diphenylcarbazone-bromothymol blue as indicator. In the spectrophotometric method, to a fixed concentration of mercury(II)-diphenylcarbazone complex different amounts of drug are added and the decrease in absorbance of mercury(II)-diphenylcarbazone complex, consequent to the replacement of diphenylcarbazone of the complex by the chloride of the drug, was measured at 540 nm. The stoichiometry of the reaction that forms the basis for titrimetry is assessed. Different variables affecting the color formation in spectrophotometry were studied and optimized. At the wavelength of maximum absorption, Beer's law is obeyed in the 0-100 microg ml(-1) range. The molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity are calculated. The proposed methods were applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing these drugs. Statistical treatment of the experimental results indicates that the procedures are precise and accurate. Excipients used as additives in pharmaceutical formulations did not interfere in the proposed procedures as shown by the recovery studies.     

Contact allergy to hydrocortisone and thixocortol pivalate: problems in the detection of corticosteroid sensitivity

Several of the difficulties involved in the detection of corticosteroid allergy are illustrated by the problems encountered in a patient sensitive to a preparation containing hydrocortisone and miconazole nitrate. The importance of appropriate concentrations and vehicles for patch testing, the possible role of impurities, and cross-sensitivity of corticosteroid molecules are discussed.     

Mechanisms underlying blood pressure reduction by dietary inorganic nitrate

Nitric oxide (NO) importantly contributes to cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating blood flow and maintaining endothelial integrity. Conversely, reduced NO bioavailability is a central feature during natural ageing and in many cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. The inorganic anions nitrate and nitrite are endogenously formed after oxidation of NO synthase (NOS)‐derived NO and are also present in our daily diet. Knowledge accumulated over the past two decades has demonstrated that these anions can be recycled back to NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides via serial reductions that involve oral commensal bacteria and various enzymatic systems. Intake of inorganic nitrate, which is predominantly found in green leafy vegetables and beets, has a variety of favourable cardiovascular effects. As hypertension is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality worldwide, much attention has been paid to the blood pressure reducing effect of inorganic nitrate. Here, we describe how dietary nitrate, via stimulation of the nitrate‐nitrite‐NO pathway, affects various organ systems and discuss underlying mechanisms that may contribute to the observed blood pressure‐lowering effect.     

硝酸羟胺急性中毒组织病理学观察

目的　探讨硝酸羟胺急性中毒病理变化特点 ,为硝酸羟胺急性中毒的临床救治提供理论依据。方法　ICR雄性小鼠 ,体重 18～ 2 2g ,一次性腹腔注射 12 0mg/kg体重的硝酸羟胺 ,制作硝酸羟胺急性中毒小鼠模型 ,染毒 7d后处死 ,取主要脏器进行病理学检查。结果　以肺、肝脏损伤较重 ,表现为肺泡及其间质广泛出血 ,肝细胞严重变性、弥漫性水肿和气球样变。结论　肝脏和肺是硝酸羟胺急性中毒作用的靶器官     

How to use nitrates

Nitrates are old drugs, available in many formulations, that are effective in relieving symptoms in various CAD syndromes as well as congestive heart failure. Nitrate tolerance is the major problem limiting nitrate efficacy and use by physicians. Currently, an intermittent dosing strategy is the only practical way to limit the development of tolerance or attenuation of nitrate actions.     

壳聚糖包覆的硝酸毛果芸香碱眼用亚微乳的研究

本文设计了一种壳聚糖包覆的硝酸毛果芸香碱眼用亚微乳(chitosan-coated pilocarpine nitrate submicroemulsion,CS-PN/SE),旨在开发一种新型的具有黏膜黏附性的亚微乳眼部给药系统,以延长药物在眼表滞留时间,促进药物的眼部吸收。以中长链甘油三酯(medium chain triglycerides,MCT)为油相,Tween 80为主乳化剂,采用高速剪切工艺制备硝酸毛果芸香碱亚微乳(pilocarpine nitrate submicro emulsion,PN/SE),进一步采用孵育法制备CS-PN/SE,并利用星点设计-效应面优化法进行处方优化。对其粒径、zeta电位、包封率和微观形态进行表征,以新西兰白兔为动物模型,评价了CS-PN/SE在兔眼表滞留特性以及缩瞳作用。眼表滞留特性评价结果显示,与硝酸毛果芸香碱溶液剂组(pilocarpine nitrate solution,PNs)和PN/SE组相比,CS-PN/SE组在眼表的清除率下降,KCS-PN/SE为(0.006 4±0.000 3)min-1,平均驻留时间(mean residence tim...     

Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation: a pilot study describing a new method for treating infected wounds

This data review reports the results of 15 patients who were treated with Vacuum-Assisted Closure (VAC) negative pressure therapy system in addition to the timed, intermittent delivery of an instilled topical solution for management of their complex, infected wounds. Prospective data for 15 patients treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)-instillation was recorded and analysed. Primary endpoints were compared to a retrospective control group of 15 patients treated with our institution's standard moist wound-care therapy. Culture-specific systemic antibiotics were prescribed as per specific patient need in both groups. All data were checked for normality of distribution and equality of variance and appropriate parametric and non parametric analyses were conducted. Compared with the standard moist wound-care therapy control group, patients in the NPWT-instillation group required fewer days of treatment (36.5 +/- 13.1 versus 9.9 +/- 4.3 days, P < 0.001), cleared of clinical infection earlier (25.9 +/- 6.6 versus 6.0 +/- 1.5 days, P < 0.001), had wounds close earlier (29.6 +/- 6.5 versus 13.2 +/- 6.8 days, P < 0.001) and had fewer in-hospital stay days (39.2 +/- 12.1 versus 14.7 +/- 9.2 days, P < 0.001). In this pilot study, NPWT instillation showed a significant decrease in the mean time to bioburden reduction, wound closure and hospital discharge compared with traditional wet-to-moist wound care. Outcomes from this study analysis suggest that the use of NPWT instillation may reduce cost and decrease inpatient care requirements for these complex, infected wounds.