Tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenics. Prevalence, distribution and relationship to neurological "soft" signs in Nigerian patients

The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in 70 Nigerian schizophrenics was 37%. Age was related to the presence of TD in males but not in females. Significantly more females had TD in the lower extremities. Comparison of patients with TD and those without revealed no significant differences with regard to the presence of neurological "soft" signs.     

脑梗死患者急性期血小板膜糖蛋白表达的研究

目的　探讨脑硬死患者急性期血小板膜P -选择素 (CD6 2p)的表达及其与临床神经功能缺损程度的关系。方法　用流式细胞术测定 41例急性期脑梗死患者血小板膜CD6 2 p的表达。 结果　轻、中、重型脑梗死患者CD6 2 p的表达分别为 (1.38± 0 .2 9) %、(3.15± 1.5 8) %、(10 .46± 5 .0 7) % ,与正常对照组 (1.5 6± 0 .17) %比 ,轻型脑梗死患者CD6 2p的表达无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,中、重型脑梗死患者CD6 2 p的表达显著升高 (P <0 .0 5和0 .0 1)。结论　脑梗死患者急性期血小板膜CD6 2 p的表达与临床神经功能缺损程度有关。     

面神经液压与面神经电图的相关性研究

目的　探讨面神经电图作为面神经减压手术指征的病理生理学基础。方法　利用电生理仪和伺服微变量微压系统 ,对正常和压榨伤后面瘫不同时期的豚鼠 ,作面神经电图检查 ,再采用微创测压法进行面神经液压的测量 ,得出面神经损伤后不同时期的面神经动作电位降幅及相应的面神经液压 ,并观察不同时期面神经光镜和电镜下的组织学改变。结果　面神经损伤 3d至 3周 ,随着面神经液压的升高 ,面神经动作电位降幅百分数亦增加 ,二者间有明显相关性 ,损伤后 2周和 3周 ,面神经液压和面神经动作电位降幅的相关系数分别为 0 88和 0 51。神经液压的变化与面神经Wallerian变性各期组织学改变相一致。结论　在面瘫 3周内 ,面神经电图的改变可间接反映面神经液压的变化 ,并可为面神经减压术的时机提供客观、可靠的实验依据。     

Thyroid function in a population of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

To determine the prevalence of thyroid hormone abnormalities and generalized resistance to thyroid hormone in a population of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as compared to reference ranges determined from a control population and hence to determine if routine thyroid hormone screening in children with non-familial ADHD is indicated.

Method:

Children attending the State Child Development Centre in Perth, Western Australia with ADHD, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) provided the study population. The control population consisted of 353 normal children with a history of allergy in whom radioallergosorbent (RAST) testing was being performed.

Results:

The prevalence of thyroid hormone abnormalities in the study population was 2.3% (95% CI 0.6%, 5.7%). There were no cases of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone. The prevalence of thyroid hormone abnormalities in the general population of children and adolescents has been reported to vary between 1 and 3.7%.

Conclusion:

Routine thyroid hormone screening is not indicated in children with non-familial ADHD.     

Disentangling the Overlap between Tourette's Disorder and ADHD

Objective : To identify similarities and differences in neuropsychiatric correlates in children with Tourette's syndrome (TS) and those with ADHD. Method : The sample consisted of children with Tourette's syndrome with ADHD( N = 79), children with Tourette's syndrome without ADHD ( N = 18), children with ADHD ( N = 563), psychiatrically referred children ( N = 212), and healthy controls ( N = 140). Results: Disorders specifically associated with Tourette's syndrome were obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and simple phobias. Rates of other disorders, including other disruptive behavioral, mood, and anxiety disorders, neuropsychologic correlates, and social and school functioning were indistinguishable in children with Tourette's and ADHD. However, children with Tourette's syndrome plus ADHD had more additional comorbid disorders overall and lower psychosocial function than children with ADHD. Conclusions: These findings confirm previously noted associations between Tourette's syndrome and OCD but suggest that disruptive behavioral, mood, and anxiety disorders as well as cognitive dysfunctions may be accounted for by comorbidity with ADHD. However, Tourette's syndrome plus ADHD appears to be a more severe condition than ADHD alone.     

高血糖对中重型颅脑损伤患者预后的影响

目的了解高血糖与颅脑损伤严重程度之间的关系以及控制血糖对颅脑损伤预后的影响。方法我们前瞻性地研究了146例中重型颅脑损伤患者(格拉斯哥昏迷评分GCS3~12分)的血糖,并将血糖高于11.1mmol/L的患者随机分为两组,一组接受强化胰岛素治疗,将血糖控制在6.11mmol/L以下,另一组不接受胰岛治疗,以明确血糖水平同损伤严重程度之间的关系以及控制血糖对预后的影响。结果重型颅脑损伤患者的血糖水平明显高于中型颅脑损伤患者,并且颅内压水平同血糖水平显著相关。同血糖水平高于11.1mmol/L的患者相比,血糖控制在6.11mmol/L以下的患者预后明显改善。结论早期高血糖是颅脑损伤后应激反应的一个组成部分,是预测损伤严重度的一个重要指标,控制血糖可改善颅脑损伤患者的预后。     

早产儿缺氧缺血性脑病的MRI征像分析

目的:探讨分析早产儿缺氧缺血性脑病的MRI表现及其病理生理。方法:132例临床诊断为新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的早产儿,常规行T1WI、T2WI、DWI、FLAIR扫描。结果:临床表现均考虑HIE,MRI表现皮层及皮层下出血、深部白质出血、脑室旁出血、脑室内出血、脑室旁软化灶。结论:MRI对早产儿HIE具有特征性表现,对早产儿HIE的早期诊断有重要意义。     

Pre-stroke socioeconomic status predicts upper limb motor recovery after inpatient neurorehabilitation

BackgroundLower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with higher mortality rates and the likelihood of receiving less evidence-based treatment after stroke. In contrast, little is known about the impact of SES on recovery after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of SES on long-term recovery after stroke.Patients and methodsIn a prospective, observational, multicentre study, inpatients were recruited towards the end of rehabilitation. The 12-month follow-up focussed on upper limb motor recovery, measured by the Fugl-Meyer score. A clinically relevant improvement of ≥5.25 points was considered recovery. Patient-centric measures such as the Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Health (PROMIS-10 PH) provided secondary outcomes. Information on schooling, vocational training, income and occupational status pre-stroke entered a multidimensional SES index. Multivariate logistic regression models calculating odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were applied. SES was added to an initial model including age, sex and baseline neurological deficit. Additional exploratory analyses examined the association between SES and outpatient treatment.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-six patients were enrolled of whom 98 had SES and long-term recovery data. Model comparisons showed the SES-model superior to the initial model (Akaike information criterion (AIC): 123 vs. 120, Pseudo R²: 0.09 vs. 0.13). The likelihood of motor recovery (OR = 17.12, 95%CI = 1.31; 224.18) and PROMIS-10 PH improvement (OR = 20.76, 95%CI = 1.28; 337.11) were significantly increased with higher SES, along with more frequent use of outpatient therapy (p = .02).ConclusionsHigher pre-stroke SES is associated with better long-term recovery after discharge from rehabilitation. Understanding these factors can improve outpatient long-term stroke care and lead to better recovery.

KEY MESSAGE

• Higher pre-stroke socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with better long-term recovery after discharge from rehabilitation both in terms of motor function and self-reported health status.
• Higher SES is associated with significantly higher utilization of outpatient therapies.
• Discharge management of rehabilitation clinics should identify and address socioeconomic factors in order to detect individual needs and to improve outpatient recovery.
• Article registration: clinicaltrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04119479","term_id":"NCT04119479"}}NCT04119479.

     

开窍通络针刺联合小续命汤加减用于脑卒中恢复期疗效观察

目的探讨开窍通络针刺联合小续命汤加减用于脑卒中恢复期的临床疗效。方法选取医院2018年3月至2019年3月收治的脑卒中恢复期患者82例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,各41例。两组患者均予常规治疗,并予开窍通络针刺,试验组患者加用小续命汤加减治疗。两组均治疗30 d,随访1个月。结果试验组总有效率为95.12%,显著高于对照组的78.05%(P <0.05);试验组患者治疗后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表及纤维蛋白原水平、血沉和血浆黏度均显著低于对照组,Fugl-Meyer评定量表和改良Barthel指数均显著高于对照组(P <0.05);治疗期间两组患者均未出现明显不良反应。结论开窍通络针刺联合小续命汤加减能改善脑卒中恢复期患者的神经功能和肢体运动功能,提高其日常生活能力,改善血液动力学。