头颈部坏死性筋膜炎7例临床分析

目的：探讨头颈部坏死性筋膜炎的病因、临床表现、诊断和治疗，加强对这一罕见疾病的认识。方法：回顾分析1992-2002年10年收治的7例头颈部坏死性筋膜炎的病例资料并复习文献。结果：7例全部行积极的内科保守治疗和外科处理（包括局部切开引流、清创术和气管切开术），其中2例死亡。结论：临床上对该病应有足够的认识，以期早期诊断。及时有效的外科处理是治疗成功的关键。     

Simplification of laparoscopic extraperitoneal colposuspension: Results of two-port technique

Purpose: The aims of the present prospective study were to apply a new simplification for Laparoscopic Burch Colposuspension and to assess the postoperative results of this treatment modality for stress urinary incontinence.Materials and methods: Twenty-four patients underwent simplified laparoscopic procedure via two ports, utilising endoscopic tacker and two stripes of prolene mesh. Patients were evaluated for operative time,duration of urethral catheter, length of hospital stay, complications and continence status.Results: The technique was successful in 21 patients after 24 months follow-up. Average operative time was 39 minutes. The lengths of urethral catheterisation and hospital stay were 22 and 45 hours, respectively. One operative complication and three postoperative recurrences were recorded.Conclusion: Laparoscopic bladder neck suspension continues to develop as the instruments and techniques are improved. In carefully evaluated patients, it provides safe and minimally invasive procedure. We report the results of a new technique to simplify and speed up a laparoscopic extraperitoneal colposuspension. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

脐带绕颈对围生儿的影响

目的　探讨脐带绕颈对围生儿的影响。方法　选择脐带绕颈 32 6例进行回顾性分析 :①分析脐带长度与脐带绕颈的关系 ;②比较脐带绕颈周数对围生儿影响 ;③比较脐带绕颈与不绕颈者对围生儿影响。结果　脐带过短组无一例发生脐带绕颈 ,脐带过长组的脐带绕颈发生率明显高于脐带正常组 (P <0 .0 1) ,脐带绕颈的胎儿窘迫率为 2 1.8% ,新生儿窒息率为8 0 % ,新生儿病死率为 0 .9%。结论　脐带绕颈与脐带长度有一定的关系 ,脐带过长是导致脐带绕颈的基本原因。脐带绕颈会明显增加胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息及死亡的发生率     

头颈部神经鞘瘤275例临床分析

目的:对头颈部神经鞘瘤进行临床分析.方法:1969年7月～2002年9月共收治头颈部神经鞘瘤342例,占全身神经鞘瘤的58.6%(342/584),随访275例,随访率80.4%.结果:术前诊断为神经鞘瘤者仅为184例,误诊率为33.1%(91/275).本组7例复发(包括3例恶性),肿瘤发生最多的神经为交感神经、臂丛神经和迷走神经.结论:神经鞘瘤60.0%左右发生在头颈部.绝大部分为良性,恶性极少(3/275).主要治疗方法为手术,恶性神经鞘瘤对放、化疗不敏感,预后差.     

Serious adverse effects of amifostine during radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients

Background and purpose: Amifostine has been shown to protect against xerostomia induced by radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, but its impact on the therapeutic index is unknown. This is the first report focusing on amifostine related adverse effects leading to discontinuation of amifostine treatment.

Patients and methods: Thirty-nine patients from two centers irradiated for head and neck cancer received i.v.-infusions of amifostine prior to each radiation fraction. In a phase III study, two daily amifostine doses, 200 mg/m² (n=21) and 340 mg/m² (n=18), were compared for protection against radiation induced toxicity. Total radiation dose was 60–70 Gy (2 Gy per fraction), nine patients received concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin/5-FU. amifostine was usually discontinued after >1 episode of serious toxicity during subsequent treatment sessions.

Results: In 16/39 patients (41%) amifostine was discontinued due to severe adverse effects, which led to discontinuation of the phase III study. In four of 16 patients radiotherapy was delayed due to amifostine related adverse effects for 1–3 days. Discontinuation occurred more often in patients receiving chemotherapy. The results led to a literature review for amifostine treatment during radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. Regarding our series and published series using an amifostine schedule comparable to ours, total discontinuation rate was 27% (57/214). Discontinuation was significantly influenced by chemotherapy (P=0.007), but not by amifostine dose (P=0.156).

Conclusion: Daily i.v. administration of amifostine during radiotherapy in head and neck cancer is associated with a high rate of serious adverse effects leading to discontinuation of amifostine treatment and sometimes delay of radiotherapy.     

134例头颈部肿瘤手术后缺损修复

目的：分析4种皮瓣修复头颈部缺损的效果、功能、并发症和供区创伤的大小，以为不同的缺损选择不同的皮瓣。方法：134例头颈部肿瘤患者，均行联合根治术加胸大肌肌皮瓣、颈阔肌肌皮瓣、额瓣、前臂皮瓣修复。结果：胸大肌皮瓣全部存活96例，部分坏死21例，坏死≥1／25例，全部坏死2例，颈阔肌皮瓣全部存活2例，部分坏死1例，全部坏死1例，4例额瓣和2例前臂皮瓣全部存活。结论：口腔及颈部大面积缺损需要胸大肌肌皮瓣修复，对需要洞穿修复的，尤其是女性，应尽量避免用胸大肌折叠瓣，可用复合瓣。对一般的口腔缺损用前臂皮瓣修复最为合适。     

In vitro T-lymphocyte function in head and neck cancer patients

T-lymphocyte cell function was studied in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 61 male patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas compared to 46 control patients. Patients older than 80 years or with reduced tumor-related performance status as measured by Karnofsky score less than 75 were excluded. In contrast to previous similar studies, control subjects ensured a minimum stress load by sampling all patients on the day of either diagnostic or therapeutic surgery. PBMC were separated by density-gradient centrifugation and subsequently cultured with autologous sera in vitro. The mitogen concanavalin A (Con A), which stimulates all T-cell clones, was employed. Findings showed that increased Con A stimulation and PBMC proliferation occurred with PBMC from cancer patients compared to that from control patients. In contrast, no differences could be detected with respect to the stimulated supernatant level of interleukin-2, interleukin-4 or interferon-γ between the groups. These results suggest that T-lymphocytes from PBMC are generally affected by neoplastic disease through either a supporting cell or serum factor.     

Palliative care in patients with cancer of the head and neck

Palliative care is the active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment. Patients with end-stage head and neck cancer have particular problems because of the impact of the tumour on the airway, the upper gastrointestinal tract and the major senses. Patients referred for palliative care were identified from the hospice database and the nature, incidence and management of their problems, and the role of the hospice in their care, was reviewed from in-patient and home care notes and patient-generated problem lists. Thirty-two male and six female patients with a median age of 64 years were identified. Locoregional recurrence was present in 79% of patients. Pain, weight loss, feeding difficulties, dysphagia, respiratory symptoms, xerostomia, oral thrush and communication difficulties were the major problems. The management of each, and of the terminal events encountered in the group, is discussed.     

P—糖蛋白在头颈部恶性肿瘤中的表达及意义

为探讨ｍｄｒ１基因产物在头颈部恶性肿瘤中的表达状况及其与临床耐药性的关系，作者用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法４７例未化疗的头颈部恶性肿瘤进行Ｐ－糖蛋白表达的原位检测，同时应用细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白技术（ＡｇＮＯＲ）测定了４３例肿瘤对８种抗癌药物的敏感性。结果显示，头颈部恶中的Ｐ－糖蛋肿瘤中的Ｐ－糖蛋白表达阳性率为５７％，肿瘤对ＶＣＲ．ＡＤＭ．ＰＹ＜Ｍ，ＭＭＣ４种药物的敏感率在Ｐ－糖蛋白阳性组明显低于阴性组，并有统计学意义。     

缝匠肌骨瓣移植空心拉力钉固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的：通过采用缝匠骼骨瓣移植、空心拉力钉固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,获得更好的疗效。方法：自１９９２年１月～１９９９年１２月,采用缝匠肌骨瓣移植桥接与空心拉力钉固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,随访时间１～５年,平均４年。结果：７３例新鲜骨折中１例骨折不愈合,股骨头坏死,１例骨折愈合股骨头坏死;２７例移位型陈旧骨折中３例骨折不愈合,股骨头坏死,２例骨折愈合后股骨头坏死。骨折愈合率９６％,股骨头坏死率７％。结论：缝匠肌骨瓣移植可改善股骨头血供并使植骨以“活骨骨折愈合”的方式完成,陈旧性骨折股骨颈吸收的可重建股骨颈,井有一定的强度支撑防止股骨头坏死应力塌陷,与空心拉力钉有协同支撑固定作用。三根空心拉力钉固定创伤小而连接控制面积大是理想的内固定物。