A self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion level measurement device for educating young women about salt reduction: A parallel randomized trial involving two groups

To prevent and treat hypertension, it is important to restrict salt in one's diet since adolescence. However, an effective salt‐reduction education system has yet to be established. Besides accurate evaluation, we believe that the frequent usage of a measurement device may motivate individuals to avoid high salt intake. The present study evaluated the use of a urinary salt excretion measurement device for salt‐reduction education in a parallel randomized trial of two groups. The sample comprised 100 university students who provided consent to participate. A survey with 24‐hour home urine collection and blood pressure measurement was conducted. Participants in the self‐monitoring group measured their own urinary salt excretion level for 4 weeks, using the self‐measurement device. Analyses were conducted on 51 participants in the control group and 49 in the self‐monitoring group. At baseline, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their characteristics and 24‐hour urinary salt excretion levels. After intervention, 24‐hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio showed no change in the control group [baseline score: 4.1 ± 1.5; endline score: 4.2 ± 2.0; P = 0.723], but it decreased significantly in the self‐monitoring group [baseline score: 4.0 ± 1.7; endline score: 3.5 ± 1.4; P = 0.044]. This change was significant even after adjusting for baseline and endline differences between groups using analysis of covariance (P = 0.045). The self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion measurement device improved the 24‐hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio. The device is a useful and practical tool for educating young individuals about dietary salt reduction.     

IgA肾病患者清晨高血压与肾功能关系的研究

目的:分析IgA肾病患者不同肾功能水平的动态血压及清晨血压情况。方法:纳入经肾组织活检确诊的189例IgA肾病非透析患者,根据估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)进行慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)分期,利用携带式动态血压检测仪收集患者动态血压,包括24 h收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)和舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、日间SBP(daytime SBP,dSBP)和日间DBP(daytime DBP,dDBP)、夜间SBP(nighttime SBP,nSBP)和夜间DBP(nighttime DBP,nDBP),分析不同CKD分期的IgA肾病患者清晨高血压的发生率。结果:IgA肾病患者24 h动态血压监测结果显示,与CKD1、2期患者相比,CKD4、5期患者24 hSBP、dSBP、nSBP均升高(均P<0.05),而24 hDBP、dDBP、nDBP无明显差异(均P>0.05)。CKD1~5期IgA肾病患者清晨高血压的发生率分别为23.5%、25.7%、30.0%、52.8%和63.6%。与CKD1~3期的IgA肾病患者相比,CKD4、5期患者的清晨高血压发生率均升高(均P<0.05)。CKD4、5期患者的清晨平均SBP分别为(142.4±24.6)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)和(146.3±22.6)mmHg,显著高于CKD1、2期[(123.8±18.2)mmHg和(129.4±22.4)mmHg](均P<0.05),而清晨平均DBP均无明显差异(均P>0.05)。结论:CKD4~5期的IgA肾病患者清晨高血压的发生率明显升高,应重视患者24 h血压监测,加强清晨高血压的控制,尤其是对中晚期CKD患者。     

2005-2010年丹棱县血吸虫病监测疫情分析

目的了解丹棱县血吸虫病流行情况,为制定血吸虫病防治策略和评价防治效果提供科学依据。方法分析2005-2010年在四川省丹棱县双桥镇桂香村开展血吸虫病疫情监测的资料。结果 2005-2010年,检查村民602、603、631、615、601、564人,感染人数为9、9、6、5、0、0人,感染率分别为1.50%、1.49%、0.95%、0.81%、0.00%和0.00%。其中,20岁以下年龄组1例;2005-2008年20～49岁组检查318、325、341、336人,阳性3、7、4、4人,50～岁组检查159、173、188、173人,阳性5、2、2、1人;2009和2010年未粪检出阳性;未发现急性和晚期血吸虫病患者。每年检查全部耕牛9、3、3、4、4、0头,未发现阳性。各年有螺面积分别为49 660、42130、54 130、543 30、51 440、51 390 m2,活螺密度为2.38、1.09、1.52、1.51、1.49和1.29只/0.11m2,未发现新发螺面和感染性钉螺。结论丹棱县人群血吸虫感染者主要分布成年人中,50岁以上人群感染率较高,应作为重点关注对象;"以传染源控制为主"的综合措施成效显著,应通过多部门的合作,提高科学防治、综合治理血吸虫病的能力。     

比较远程心电监测与心电图、动态心电图在心律失常及心肌缺血中的诊断价值

目的探讨远程心电监测诊断心律失常、心肌缺血的临床价值。方法采用远程心电监测检查78例明确诊断为心脏病或存在心脏不适的患者,所有患者同时行常规12导联心电图检查,其中42例患者行24h动态心电图检查。比较远程心电监测与常规心电图及24h动态心电图在心律失常及缺血性ST-T改变检出率方面的差异。结果 78例患者中,远程心电监测及常规心电图分别检出62例、46例心律失常患者(P<0.05),同时分别检出14例、6例患者心电图存在缺血性ST-T改变(P<0.05);在完善24h动态心电图检查的42例患者中,远程心电监测与24h动态心电图分别检出34例、30例心律失常患者(P>0.05),同时分别检出10例、7例心电图有缺血性ST-T改变的患者(P>0.05)。结论远程监测无论在心律失常还是缺血性ST-T改变的检出率均高于常规心电图组;远程监测对心律失常及缺血性ST-T改变的检出率与24h动态心电图无显著差异。     

多通道食管腔内阻抗-pH监测对胃食管反流性咳嗽的诊断价值

 目的 探讨多通道食管腔内阻抗-pH监测（MII-pH）对胃食管反流性咳嗽（GERC）的诊断价值和局限性。方法 选择2010年5月—2011年7月在同济大学附属同济医院呼吸内科门诊就诊的可疑GERC患者,进行MII-pH,并经药物抗反流治疗证实诊断。分析MII-pH对GERC诊断的灵敏度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、总符合率、阳性预计值和阴性预计值,并计算AUC_ROC和Kappa值。结果 在接受MII-pH的56例患者中,35例结果阳性,30例（85.7%）确诊为GERC,其中酸反流引起者25例（83.3%）,非酸反流引起者5例（16.7%）。在21例MII-pH阴性结果患者中,有6例（28.6%）经药物抗反流治疗,GERC诊断得到证实。MII-pH对GERC的诊断灵敏度为83.3%,特异度75.0%,假阳性率25.0%,假阴性率16.7%,总符合率80.4%,阳性预测值85.7%,阴性预测值71.4%,AUC_ROC 0.792,Kappa值0.577。结论 MII-pH能识别包括非酸反流在内的所有GERC,是较灵敏可靠的GERC诊断手段。     

顽固性高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床特点

目的通过对统一性高血压（RH）患者行多导睡眠图（PSG）监测和临床观察,了解RH合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）临床特点。方法对172例RH进行PSG监测,根据呼吸暂停加低通气指数分成中重度OSAS组、轻度或无OSAS组。观察两组临床情况、动态血压和生化指标等。结果 172例RH患者中中重度OSAS发生率为56.39%,与轻度或无OSAS组患者相比,合并中重度OSAS的患者更年轻化[（47.1±11.8）岁vs.（52.3±12.6）岁,P〈0.05]、体重指数（BMI）偏高[（28.1±5.8）kg/m^2vs.（25.1±6.2）kg/m2,P〈0.05],同时高敏C反应蛋白更高[（2.4±1.98）mmol/Lvs.（1.34±1.23）mmol/L,P〈0.05]。结论年轻的RH患者更易合并中重度OSAS,同时肥胖和体内炎症水平偏高也是中重度OSAS的主要危险因素。     

Frequent scanning using flash glucose monitoring contributes to better glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Aims/IntroductionWe examined the impact of scanning frequency with flash glucose monitoring on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe study included 85 patients, aged 14.0 ± 0.5 years, with type 1 diabetes. The median time in the target glucose range (TIR) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values were 50.0 ± 1.4% and 7.5 ± 0.1%, respectively.ResultsThe median scanning frequency using flash glucose monitoring was 12.0 ± 0.4 times/day. Scanning frequency showed a significant positive correlation with TIR and an inverse correlation with HbA1c. Scanning frequency was identified to be the determinant of TIR and HbA1c by using multivariate analysis. The participants whose scanning frequency was <12 times/day were categorized as the low‐frequency group (n = 40), and those who carried out the scanning >12 times/day were categorized as the high‐frequency group (n = 45). Patients in the high‐frequency group were more likely to be treated with insulin pumps compared with those in the low‐frequency group; however, this difference was not significant (21.3 vs 5.3%, P = 0.073). The high‐frequency group showed significantly greater TIR than the low‐frequency group (57 ± 1.6 vs 42 ± 1.7%, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the high‐frequency group showed significantly lower HbA1c levels than the low‐frequency group (6.8 ± 0.1 vs 8.0 ± 0.1%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings showed that patients with a higher scanning frequency had better glycemic control, with greater TIRs and lower HbA1c levels, compared with those with a lower scanning frequency. Scanning frequency of >12 times/day might contribute to better glycemic outcomes in real‐world practice in children with type 1 diabetes.     

动态心电图诊断病态窦房结综合征的临床价值

目的 为了明确动态心电图对病态窦房结综合征的诊断价值。方法 选择200例窦性心动过缓者给予动态心电图检测。动态心电图诊断病态窦房结综合征的标准：（1）窦房阻滞。（2）窦性停搏。（3）显著窦性心动过缓。（4）快慢综合征。（5）双结病变。结果 200例窦性心动过缓者检出120例病态窦房结综合征与电生理对照检查结果相同。结论 动态心电图检测可早期准确诊断病态窦房结综合征。病态窦房结综合征以冠心病居首位。