肥胖者与非肥胖者24小时动态血压对比观察

目的：比较肥胖者和非肥胖者24h动态血压变化与高血压检出率。方法：采用24h动态血压监测技术,对肥胖者和非肥胖者24h平均收缩压和平均舒张压,白昼与夜间平均收缩压和平均舒张压,血压负荷,平均心率,24h血压波动趋势进行对比观察,结果：肥胖者各项血压指标及平均心率均较非肥胖者有明显升高（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。结论：肥胖者高血压检出率明显高于非肥胖者,动态血压监测技术对肥胖者血压的评估有一定临床意义。     

Quantifying Patient Engagement in Total Joint Arthroplasty Using Digital Application-Based Technology

BackgroundDigital patient engagement has been suggested as a mean to increase patient activation and patient satisfaction after total joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to assess patient engagement with application-based educational tools and to explore what content was most useful to patients in the perioperative period surrounding total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), respectively.MethodsPatients undergoing THA and TKA between October 2017 and January 2020 were enrolled to use an application-based digital technology. The App provides comprehensive patient education using a series of modules delivered at set intervals preoperatively and postoperatively. Patient engagement was defined as patients viewing at least one time the modules that were sent, or marking them as completed. Patient satisfaction was assessed using an in-application survey.ResultsComplete data were available on 207 patients of which 95 (46%) underwent THA and 112 (54%) underwent TKA. The average age was 60 years. 54% with patients invited to the program completed registration. An average compliance rate of 48% (41 modules engaged out of 83) was observed. Of all modules completed, the top three most popular categories included physical therapy/exercise videos, health literacy, and anxiety/stress/pain management. The least viewed category was nutrition planning and education.ConclusionWhen presented educational material related to THA and TKA, patients had a high rate of compliance. Digital technology platforms provide a scalable, meaningful approach to engaging patients throughout the continuum of joint replacement care and may serve as a cost-effective adjunct to traditional methods.     

Quantifying the incidence of clinically significant respiratory depression in women with and without obesity class III receiving neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean analgesia: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundObesity is a suspected risk factor for respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine for post-cesarean analgesia, however monitoring guidelines for obese obstetric patients are based on small, limited studies. We tested the hypothesis that clinically significant respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine occurs more commonly in women with body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m² compared with BMI <40 kg/m².MethodsWe conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review (2006–2017) of obstetric patients with clinically significant respiratory depression following neuraxial morphine, defined as: (1) opioid antagonist administration; (2) rapid response team activation (initiated in April 2010); or (3) tracheal intubation due to a respiratory event. The incidence of respiratory depression was compared between women with BMI ≥40 kg/m² and BMI <40 kg/m².ResultsIn total, 11 327 women received neuraxial morphine (n=1945 BMI ≥40 kg/m²; n=9382 BMI <40 kg/m²). Women with BMI ≥40 kg/m² had higher rates of sleep apnea, hypertensive disorders, and magnesium administration. Sixteen cases of clinically significant respiratory depression occurred within seven days postpartum. The incidence did not significantly differ between groups (odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 0.6 to 6.9, P=0.174). Neuraxial morphine was not deemed causative in any case, however women with BMI ≥40 kg/m² had higher rates of tracheal intubation unrelated to neuraxial morphine (2/1945 vs. 0/9382, P=0.029).ConclusionsRespiratory depression in this population is rare. A larger sample (∼75 000) is required to determine whether the incidence is higher with BMI ≥40 kg/m². Tracheal intubation was higher among the BMI ≥40 kg/m² cohort, likely due to more comorbidities.     

A European consensus statement on the use of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for cardiac and non-cardiac surgical patients

Modern four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate was designed originally for rapid targeted replacement of the coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X. Dosing strategies for the approved indication of vitamin K antagonist-related bleeding vary greatly. They include INR and bodyweight-related protocols as well as fixed dose regimens. Particularly in the massively bleeding trauma and cardiac surgery patient, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate is used increasingly for haemostatic resuscitation. Members of the Transfusion and Haemostasis Subcommittee of the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology performed a systematic literature review on four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate. The available evidence has been summarised for dosing, efficacy, drug safety and monitoring strategies in different scenarios. Whereas there is evidence for the efficacy of four-factor prothrombin concentrate for a variety of bleeding scenarios, convincing safety data are clearly missing. In the massively bleeding patient with coagulopathy, our group recommends the administration of an initial bolus of 25 IU.kg^-1. This applies for: the acute reversal of vitamin K antagonist therapy; haemostatic resuscitation, particularly in trauma; and the reversal of direct oral anticoagulants when no specific antidote is available. In patients with a high risk for thromboembolic complications, e.g. cardiac surgery, the administration of an initial half-dose bolus (12.5 IU.kg^-1) should be considered. A second bolus may be indicated if coagulopathy and microvascular bleeding persists and other reasons for bleeding are largely ruled out. Tissue-factor-activated, factor VII-dependent and heparin insensitive point-of-care tests may be used for peri-operative monitoring and guiding of prothrombin complex concentrate therapy.     

Concentrating stroke care provision in the Czech Republic: The establishment of Stroke Centres in 2011 has led to improved outcomes

This article describes policy processes that have led to the re-organisation of stroke care in the Czech Republic since 2011, which has been part of a broader process of care concentration in several medical fields. Currently, stroke care is provided by 13 Comprehensive and 32 Primary Stroke Centres. The paper explains factors that supported the reform implementation, reviews implications, and discusses future challenges.Mandatory reporting of quality indicators, the introduction of a benchmarking system, integration with pre-hospital emergency care, and the introduction of countrywide patient triage have supported more timely treatment for stroke patients and better quality of care. Data from the Stroke Care Quality Indicators of the Czech Stroke Society show positive trends in many areas: the number of patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis quadrupled in eight years, with 26.4 % of all acute stroke patients receiving thrombolysis in 2018. Czech Republic now ranks third in Europe in the number of thrombolysis per population and second in the number of mechanical thrombectomies per population. The Czech experience provides an example of positive outcomes of concentrated stroke care, while highlighting the importance of proper implementation processes. In particular, it is essential to involve stakeholders and to provide reputational incentives through continuous benchmarking.     

2016—2019 年天津市河北区流行性感冒监测分析

目的 了解 2016—2019年天津市河北区流感流行特征,为有效防控流感提供相应科学依据。方法 对 2016—2019年天津市河北区流感样病例(Influenza-likecases,ILI)监测资料、病原学监测数据及暴发疫情信息进行分析。结果 2016—2019 年共采集IL咽拭子标本 2 962份,流感病毒核酸检测阳性标本为 715份,阳性率为 24.14%;2016—2019年共报告流感样病例暴发疫情 10起,均发生在中小学校。2016—2019 年天津市河北区流感样病例百分比 (IL%)在每年 11 月—次年 2 月出现一个高峰,呈现明显的季节性特征;2016—2019 年流感病原监测结果显示,天津市河北区流行毒株以甲型 H3N2 型和甲型 H1N1型交替出现为主,2017 年甲型与乙型 Yamagata 系混合流行,2019 年甲型 H3N2 型呈优势毒株。结论 2016—2019 年天津市河北区流感病毒以甲型 H3N2 型和甲型 H1N1 型为主,每年的流行毒株各不相同,呈交替或混合流行。应加强监测和流感防控并提高重点人群流感疫苗接种率。