The portrayal of hearing loss information in online Mandarin videos

Background/purposeWith increasing accessibility to the Internet, patients frequently use the Internet for hearing healthcare information. No study has examined the information about hearing loss available in the Mandarin language on online video-sharing platforms. The study's primary purpose is to investigate the content, source, understandability, and actionability of hearing loss information in the Mandarin language's one hundred most popular online videos.MethodIn this project, publicly accessible online videos were analyzed. One hundred of the most popular Mandarin-language videos about hearing loss were identified (51 videos on YouTube and 49 on the Bilibili video-sharing platform). They were manually coded for different popularity metrics, sources, and content. Each video was also rated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-AV) to measure the understandability and actionability scores.ResultsThe video sources were classified as either media (n = 36), professional (n = 39), or consumer (n = 25). The videos covered various topics, including symptoms, consequences, and treatment of hearing loss. Overall, videos attained adequate understandability scores (mean = 73.6%) but low (mean = 43.4%) actionability scores.ConclusionsWhile existing online content related to hearing loss is quite diverse and largely understandable, those videos provide limited actionable information. Hearing healthcare professionals, media, and content creators can help patients better understand their conditions and make educated hearing healthcare decisions by focusing on the actionability information in their online videos.     

Mapping the evidence base of pathology

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a paradigm that is beginning to exert an influence in related fields such as surgery, general practice, psychiatry, and now pathology. For example, a survey has shown that 70 per cent of therapeutic interventions in clinical haematology delivered in a district general hospital were based on research-derived evidence. A prerequisite to evidence-based pathology is availability of, and access to, the evidence base. As a discipline, pathology has certain characteristics that makes information retrieval more challenging. Nevertheless, a number of evidence-seeking techniques can be utilized to maximize the chances of success: focusing the question, use of an evidence-seeking protocol, and application of methodological filters. A number of key information sources are reviewed for their usefulness and a comparison is made with the yield from the World Wide Web. Conclusions are drawn from an example of the evidence-seeking process based on a clinical scenario involving immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

具有超压防护功能的机动手术舱室污染物运动扩散的仿真研究

目的:对具有超压防护功能的机动手术舱室污染物运动扩散进行仿真研究,通过空气过滤净化和气流组织设计等方式减少生化污染物的危害,为患者和医生提供安全的舱室环境.方法:应用计算流体动力学方法对具有超压防护功能的机动手术舱室污染物运动扩散进行了仿真研究,分析了在超压防护系统工作前后两种状态下,污染物在室内的运动扩散及其对舱室内人员的影响.结果:在外部气态污染物浓度为5 mg/L的条件下,超压防护系统工作前,在10 s时呼吸区污染物达到最大浓度0.21 mg/L;超压防护系统工作后,在125 s时呼吸区污染物最大浓度达到0.01 mg/L的安全阈值.在整个计算过程中,污染物最大浓时积为0.1 mg·min/L,最小浓时积为0.011 mg·min/L.结论:机动手术舱室超压防护系统可以有效地将其工作前扩散到室内的气态污染物进行稀释,使室内人员周围不产生局部高浓度区,减小污染物对室内人员的影响.     

浙江省男男性行为人群网络临时性伴的知情交友状况分析

目的 分析浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的HIV感染状况知情交友（知情交友）状况及相关因素,为干预措施制定提供参考依据。方法 2018年6-12月在杭州市、宁波市、温州市、台州市和绍兴市,由社会组织和自愿咨询与检测门诊招募符合研究对象标准的MSM,招募样本量为793人。采用自行设计问卷,采用面对面方式问卷调查,收集社会人口学特征、艾滋病知识、性行为、知情交友行为等信息。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 在MSM 767人中,最近6个月发生网络临时性行为302人,发生网络型临时性行为、网络/场所混合型临时性行为者分别占62.6%（189/302）和37.4%（113/302）。在网络临时性伴的知情交友中,已告知、已询问和已知晓者分别占54.6%（165/302）、49.2%（146/297）和42.9%（82/191）,知晓网络临时性伴HIV阴性状况后坚持使用安全套者占75.8%（113/149）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,最近6个月网络临时性伴的知情交友中未询问的相关因素包括年龄25~34岁（aOR=2.17,95%CI：1.20~3.91）、最近6个月网络临时性伴数>2个（aOR=2.13,95%CI：1.27~3.57）、不认为网络临时性伴HIV感染风险较高（aOR=1.96,95%CI：1.14~3.35）、既往HIV检测数>1次（aOR=0.38,95%CI：0.22~0.66）。结论 浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的知情交友的意愿较高,但知情交友行为及知晓对方HIV检测结果的比例较低,针对MSM的网络临时性伴较多、认为网络临时性伴感染风险低和HIV检测次数较少者,需加强健康教育和促进知情交友的行为干预。     

DL-(±)蛋氨酸对映异构体的拆分及成品中D-(-)蛋氨酸的测定

目的:建立一种用手性流动相拆分并测定 DL-(±)蛋氨酸对映异构体的方法。方法:迪马公司 Dinmonsil C_(18)柱(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm),含有3 mmol·L~(-1)硫酸铜、6 mmol·L~(-1) L-苯丙氨酸的水溶液-乙腈(98:2)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),在254 nm 检测。结果:D-(-)和 L-(+)蛋氨酸峰的保留时间分别为9 min 和10 min,分离度为1.4。结论:方法的重复性好,操作简单,可用于 L-(+)蛋氨酸原料中可能残存的 D-(-)蛋氨酸的测定。     

网络成瘾和电子屏幕时间与抑郁症状的关联性研究

目的 探讨网络成瘾、电子屏幕时间与抑郁症状发生的关联。方法 选取2013-2019年天津慢性低度炎症与健康（TCLSIH）队列中6 932名正常体检的60岁以下成年人为研究对象。通过自我报告问卷评估研究对象网络成瘾程度、电脑/手机使用时间和电视使用时间。采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估研究对象的抑郁症状。根据SDS总分分为无抑郁症状组（<45分）和有抑郁症状组（≥45分）。使用Cox比例风险回归模型评估网络成瘾和电子屏幕时间与发生抑郁症状的关联。结果 调整潜在的混杂因素后,与没有网络成瘾者相比,以前有网络成瘾者、轻度网络成瘾者、中/重度网络成瘾者随访期间发生抑郁症状的HR值（95%CI）分别为0.83（0.56~1.23）、1.20（1.03~1.41）、1.48（1.16~1.89）。网络成瘾与出现抑郁症状之间的线性关联有统计学意义（趋势性P<0.001）;与使用电脑/手机0~h/d者相比,使用手机1~、3~、5~、>10 h/d者随访期间发生抑郁症状的HR值（95%CI）分别为0.59（0.40~0.88）、0.58（0.40~0.85）、0.52（0.36~0.76）、0.69（0.45~1.05）。电脑/手机使用时间与随访期间出现抑郁症状之间的关联存在“U”形趋势（趋势性P<0.001）;未调整和初步潜在混杂因素后,与每天不使用电视者相比,电视使用时间≥3 h/d者随访期间发生抑郁症状的HR值（95%CI）分别为1.36（1.09~1.69）和1.34（1.07~1.68）。电视使用时间与出现抑郁症状之间存在关联（趋势性P<0.001）。结论 网络成瘾和电视使用时间与随访期间抑郁症状风险的增加有关,而电脑/手机使用时间与随访期间抑郁症状风险的降低有关。     

大学生应对方式与网络成瘾的关系研究

目的：了解大学生应对方式与病理性网络使用的关系。方法：对230名大学生进行网络成瘾量表与应对方式问卷测试。结粜：①网络成瘾问卷得分男生与女生存在显著差异．男生显著高于女生得分。（2）根据网络成瘾量表得分可将被试分为三组，网络过度使用者有23人，网络成瘾倾向者有7人。③三组被试在自责，幻想，退避三种应对方式上存在显著差异。④进行回归分析发现幻想、退避因子进入回归方程。结论：幻想和退避两种应对方式对网络成瘾具有预测作用。     

Social and Self-Reflective Use of a Web-Based Personally Controlled Health Management System

Background

Personally controlled health management systems (PCHMSs) contain a bundle of features to help patients and consumers manage their health. However, it is unclear how consumers actually use a PCHMS in their everyday settings.

Objective

To conduct an empirical analysis of how consumers used the social (forum and poll) and self-reflective (diary and personal health record [PHR]) features of a Web-based PCHMS designed to support their physical and emotional well-being.

Methods

A single-group pre/post-test online prospective study was conducted to measure use of a Web-based PCHMS for physical and emotional well-being needs during a university academic semester. The PCHMS integrated an untethered PHR with social forums, polls, a diary, and online messaging links with a health service provider. Well-being journeys additionally provided information to encourage engagement with clinicians and health services. A total of 1985 students and staff aged 18 and above with access to the Internet were recruited online, of which 709 were eligible for analysis. Participants’ self-reported well-being, health status, health service utilization, and help-seeking behaviors were compared using chi-square, McNemar’s test, and Student’s t test. Social networks were constructed to examine the online forum communication patterns among consumers and clinicians.

Results

The two PCHMS features that were used most frequently and considered most useful and engaging were the social features (ie, the poll and forum). More than 30% (213/709) of participants who sought well-being assistance during the study indicated that other people had influenced their decision to seek help (54.4%, 386/709 sought assistance for physical well-being; 31.7%, 225/709 for emotional well-being). Although the prevalence of using a self-reflective feature (diary or PHR) was not as high (diary: 8.6%, 61/709; PHR: 15.0%, 106/709), the proportion of participants who visited a health care professional during the study was more than 20% greater in the group that did use a self-reflective feature (diary: P=.03; PHR: P<.001).

Conclusions

There was variation in the degree to which consumers used social and self-reflective PCHMS features but both were significantly associated with increased help-seeking behaviors and health service utilization. A PCHMS should combine both self-reflective as well as socially driven components to most effectively influence consumers’ help-seeking behaviors.