左心房压和肺动脉楔压监测在心脏术后的应用

目的评价心脏直视术后合并肺动脉高压患者经颈内静脉安置左心房测压管和肺动脉漂浮导管对于成人心脏外科术后患者监护的可行性、安全性及准确性。方法前瞻性选择2010～2012年于武汉亚洲心脏病医院行心内直视手术的18岁以上患者100例,男43例、女57例,年龄46～65（47±16）岁。将患者分为两组：合并淤血性重度肺动脉高压患者行瓣膜置换术50例（A组）,合并淤血性轻中度肺动脉高压患者行瓣膜置换术50例（B组）。两组患者均经颈内静脉入路置入ARROW5Fr三腔导管,尖端经房间隔穿刺行持续左心房压（LAP）监测;同时经同侧颈内静脉安置ARROW 8Fr高流量鞘管放置肺动脉漂浮导管,入室即监测LAP和肺动脉楔压（PAWP）。观察两组患者中LAP和PAWP的相关性及准确性。结果两组患者均成功行持续LAP及PAWP监测,无严重导管相关并发症发生。A组和B组患者手术时间和体外循环时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,术后机械通气时间和ICU留置时间差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。A组患者平均肺动脉压（PAPMean）、平均左心房压（LAPmean）、平均肺动脉楔压（PAWPmean）、PAWP与LAP差值平均值（PAWP-LAPmean）均显著高于B组（P〈0．01）。两组患者中PAWP与LAP均具有良好相关性,A组患者相关性低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论经颈内静脉入路行LAP监测及肺动脉漂浮导管监测是安全、可行的。PAWP不能准确反映左心室前负荷,在合并淤血性重度肺动脉高压的患者中使用LAP监测对于判断左心室前负荷更准确。     

经单一切口腹腔镜手术系统（SILS-Port系统）胸、腹腔镜联合在食管癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨经单一切E1腹腔镜手术系统（SILS—Port系统）胸、腹腔镜联合在食管癌根治术中的应用。方法2011年8月～2013年5月我科经SILS—Port系统施行胸、腹镜联合食管癌根治术5例。肩胛听诊三角区第6肋间为观察孔,胸腔镜下两操作孔游离胸段食管及清扫淋巴结,通过SILS系统,腹腔镜下两孔游离胃及清扫淋巴结,胃上提至颈部与食管吻合。结果手术过程顺利,围手术期无死亡。腔镜手术时间（296．0±24．1）min,术中出血量（114±40）ml,术后胸、腹腔引流时间均是（1．2±0．4）d。术后第3天疼痛评分（2．2±0．8）分。5例分别清扫淋巴结9、8、6、5、7枚,其中2枚阳性。5例分别随访10、22、8、16、3个月,1例术后16个月肿瘤复发转移,无死亡。结论经SILS-Port系统胸、腹腔镜联合根治性切除早期、无明显外侵的中下段食管癌,创伤小,出血少,安全可靠。     

非创伤性乳糜胸的电视胸腔镜外科治疗(附4例报告及文献复习)

目的通过4例非创伤性乳糜胸的电视胸腔镜治疗，结合文献探讨非创伤性乳糜胸的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法4例经临床、实验室、影像学及核医学检查确诊的非创伤性乳糜胸，经电视胸腔镜行胸导管结扎及胸膜固定术。结果3例1次治愈，1例复发，经2次手术治愈，随访1～5年未复发。结论电视胸腔镜外科为非创伤性乳糜胸提供了一种安全、微创及有效的方法。     

VAC Therapy in Large Infected Sacral Pressure Ulcer Grade IV—Can Be an Alternative to Flap Reconstruction?

Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy is a new entrant in wound care after growth factors and alginate or hydrocolloid dressing, in the treatment of pressure ulcers. We have been using this technique for diabetic foot ulcers. A young nondiabetic man presented with a large sacral bed sore after high doses of ionotropes in an intensive care unit for treating severe hypotension. His wound was debrided, and instead of flap surgery in such infected wound, he was treated with VAC therapy. The complete wound healing was achieved in 6 weeks and at half the cost of flap surgery. Moreover, the chances of flap failure and its related complications were eliminated.     

Appraisal of Laparoscopic Liver Resection in the Treatment of Liver Metastasis with Special Reference to Outcome in Colorectal Malignancies

Treatment of metastatic liver disease is at the crossroads of an evolutionary transformation with more and more reports reiterating the benefits of resectional therapy in various cancers. A quest for application of laparoscopic approaches to the management of liver metastasis has arisen due to the projected benefits of less morbidity, early recovery, and equivalent oncological outcome in selected malignancies. However, the diverse and heterogenous data on indications, operative technique, and outcome evaluation make a comparative analysis of these studies difficult. This review is an appraisal of technique and outcome of minimally invasive liver resection as reported in the current literature with special reference to treatment of metastatic colorectal cancers.     

高危前列腺癌:以根治性手术为核心的综合治疗策略

高危前列腺癌的生物学行为难以预测,目前仍然是前列腺癌治疗的难点。以根治性前列腺切除术为核心的综合治疗策略能够获得良好的治疗效果。术前对其危险因素进行分层评估,有利于筛选合适的患者进行个体化治疗,进一步改善患者的预后。