产后与非产后抑郁症患者失配性负波的对比研究

目的探讨产后抑郁症与非产后抑郁症患者失配性负波（MMN）的差异,为产后抑郁症的预防提供参考指标。方法选择2011年4月一2012年12月解放军第三医院精神科收治的24例产后抑郁症患者（产后组）和25例非产后抑郁症患者（非产后组）为研究对象,并检测其事件相关电位MMN,将其与26名健康志愿者（对照组）的结果进行比较。结果①与对照组相比,产后组、非产后组blMN潜伏期均显著延迟（t=2．84,5．26;P〈0．05）,波幅均显著降低（t=4．16,4．19;P〈0．01）;②与产后组相比,非产后组MMN潜伏期显著延迟,差异有统计学意义（t=3．63,P〈0．05）;两组波幅差异均无统计学意义。结论产后与非产后抑郁症患者信息自动加工功能均受损,非产后抑郁患者受损程度大于产后抑郁患者。提示产后与非产后抑郁症患者大脑对外界信息的自动加工采用不同的机制。     

Calibration of Multiple In Silico Tools for Predicting Pathogenicity of Mismatch Repair Gene Missense Substitutions

Classification of rare missense substitutions observed during genetic testing for patient management is a considerable problem in clinical genetics. The Bayesian integrated evaluation of unclassified variants is a solution originally developed for BRCA1/2. Here, we take a step toward an analogous system for the mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) that confer colon cancer susceptibility in Lynch syndrome by calibrating in silico tools to estimate prior probabilities of pathogenicity for MMR gene missense substitutions. A qualitative five‐class classification system was developed and applied to 143 MMR missense variants. This identified 74 missense substitutions suitable for calibration. These substitutions were scored using six different in silico tools (Align‐Grantham Variation Grantham Deviation, multivariate analysis of protein polymorphisms [MAPP], MutPred, PolyPhen‐2.1, Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant, and Xvar), using curated MMR multiple sequence alignments where possible. The output from each tool was calibrated by regression against the classifications of the 74 missense substitutions; these calibrated outputs are interpretable as prior probabilities of pathogenicity. MAPP was the most accurate tool and MAPP + PolyPhen‐2.1 provided the best‐combined model (R² = 0.62 and area under receiver operating characteristic = 0.93). The MAPP + PolyPhen‐2.1 output is sufficiently predictive to feed as a continuous variable into the quantitative Bayesian integrated evaluation for clinical classification of MMR gene missense substitutions.     

HLA配型对接受同一供者肾的移植肾功能的影响

目的研究接受同一供者供肾的成对的患者,HLA错配数对移植肾功能的影响。方法对2008年前接受同一供者供肾的患者171对(342例),于近期观察肾其功能(血肌酐/尿素氮)。HLA分型采用美国One-Lambda公司和美国GTl公司提供的SSP-HLA分型试剂。血肌酐/尿素氮检测数据由该院检验科提供。结果在171对肾移植术后患者中,HLA错配数小于等于4者,共162例,其中107例肾功能良好,55例肾功能下降或丧失;HLA错配数大于4者,共180例,其中84例肾功能良好,96例肾功能下降或丧失;HLA错配数小于等于4和大于4,两者对移植肾功能的影响比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.22,P0.05)。结论良好的HLA配型对移植肾长期存活具有重要意义。     

Western-designed total knee implants mismatch Saudi patient knees: Anatomical bony measurements documented by computed tomography

Objectives:To determine the anthropometric features of Saudi knees compared with knees of other ethnicities and reveal mismatches among different knee implant systems.Methods:All knee computed tomography images obtained between January 2016 and September 2016 for varying medical reasons in a tertiary care hospital in Southwestern Saudi Arabia were retrospectively evaluated. Patients aged <18 years, with trauma or soft tissue or bone tumors were excluded. Eleven parameters were measured for each knee joint.Results:We evaluated 100 knees of 50 Saudi patients (25 men, 25 women) aged 28-85 (mean, 57.3) years. No statistically significant differences were found in age and Sasaki angle measurements between male and female patients. All other parameters were significantly larger in male than female knees. Our measurements were close to those published for Chinese, Thai, and Korean patients; however, published measurements were larger for Caucasian and Indian knees than our measurements.Conclusion:The Saudi population has morphological features of knee bone anatomy that do not match with the widely available prostheses designed for Caucasian knees. As several studies of different ethnicities have documented considerable prosthesis mismatch; our study further indicates the need for new implant designs that take these variations into account.     

The auditory novelty system: An attempt to integrate human and animal research

In this account, we attempt to integrate two parallel, but thus far, separate lines of research on auditory novelty detection: (1) human studies of EEG recordings of the mismatch negativity (MMN), and (2) animal studies of single‐neuron recordings of stimulus‐specific adaptation (SSA). The studies demonstrating the existence of novelty neurons showing SSA at different levels along the auditory pathway's hierarchy, together with the recent results showing human auditory‐evoked potential correlates of deviance detection at very short latencies, that is, at 20–40 ms from change onset, support the view that novelty detection is a key principle that governs the functional organization of the auditory system. Furthermore, the generation of the MMN recorded from the human scalp seems to involve a cascade of neuronal processing that occurs at different successive levels of the auditory system's hierarchy.     

The effects of social exclusion on the ERN and the cognitive control of action monitoring

The current study investigated the influence of social exclusion, created through the Cyberball paradigm, on cognitive control using neural and behavioral measures of action monitoring. Healthy young adults performed a modified flanker task while their post‐error behavior (accuracy, RT) and error‐related negativity (ERN) were assessed. Results indicated that excluded participants showed decreased ERN and post‐error response accuracy compared to included participants following their social interactions. These findings suggest that a common neural framework may exist for cognitive control processes and that cognitive control allocated toward exclusion‐related processing following exclusionary social interactions may disrupt the capability to support self‐regulatory action monitoring.     

The temporal course of the influence of anxiety on fairness considerations

This study investigated the potential causes of anxious people's social avoidance. The classic ultimatum game was utilized in concert with electroencephalogram recording. Participants were divided into two groups according to levels of trait anxiety as identified by a self‐report scale. The behavioral results indicate that high‐anxious participants were more prone to reject human‐proposed than computer‐proposed unequal offers compared to their low‐anxious counterparts. The event‐related potential results indicate that the high‐anxious group showed a larger feedback‐related negativity when receiving unequal monetary offers than equal ones, and a larger P3 when receiving human‐proposed offers than computer‐proposed ones, but these effects were absent in the low‐anxious group. We suggest anxious people's social avoidance results from hypersensitivity to unequal distributions during interpersonal interactions.     

Psychometric properties of the error‐related negativity in children and adolescents

Error processing is frequently examined using the error‐related negativity (ERN), a negative‐going event‐related potential occurring after the commission of an error at frontal‐central sites, and has been suggested as a neural biomarker that may be useful in characterizing trajectories of risk for anxiety. While the ERN has been shown to have excellent psychometric properties in adults, few studies have examined psychometric properties of the ERN in children and adolescents. The current study examined the 2‐year test‐retest reliability of the ERN in a sample of children and adolescents, and the convergent validity of the ERN using a flanker and go/no‐go task. Results suggest that the ERN is both reliable and stable across 2 years and across tasks. However, results also indicate that the internal consistency obtained using the flanker task is greater than the internal consistency obtained using the go/no‐go task.