内窥镜下额颞部除皱术

目的：探讨内窥镜下额、颞部除皱术的临床应用效果。方法：从2003年到2004年，施行内窥镜下额、颞部除皱术28例。采用额部小切口，在帽状腱膜下和骨膜下平面剥离，用缝线和螺钉固定后推的头皮和额部皮肤。结果：28例患者术后效果满意，且脱发、感觉减退和出血等手术并发症少。结论：内窥镜下额、颞部除皱术同传统面部除皱手术相比具有很多优点，可以推广使用。     

The usefulness of a magnetic endoscope locating device in colonoscopy in daily practice: a prospective case-controlled study

Background  This study aimed to investigate the effects of magnetic endoscope imaging (MEI) regarding examination time, caecal intubation rate, and sedation and analgesic requirements during routine colonoscopy compared with earlier used X-ray imaging. Methods  Consecutive outpatients undergoing colonoscopy were prospectively studied for two periods. In the first period X-ray was used to establish the correct position of the endoscope. In the second period MEI was used. Outcome measures were examination time, caecal intubation rate, median dose of analgesic and sedative administered, and median X-ray dose used. Results  The two groups studied were comparable with regards to age, sex, and number of therapeutic examinations. The examination time was significantly shorter with use of MEI (median 29 min versus 43 min). No significant differences in the use of analgesic and sedative were found (median 50 μg phentanyle and 2 mg midazolam in both groups). Median X-ray dose was 150 cGy in the group using X-ray imaging. Conclusion  MEI is the imaging methodology of choice and should always be available in colonoscopy, especially for precise locating of colonic lesions.     

损伤控制外科理念在合并腹部损伤的多发伤救治中的应用

目的 将损伤控制外科(damage control surgery,DCS)理论由传统的单纯腹部损伤救治扩展到多发伤综合救治的角度.方法 回顾性分析合并有腹部损伤的多发伤586例,其中应用了损伤控制技术138例,占24.3%.控制出血是DCS的首要任务,包括:腹部填塞(abdominal packing,AP)止血34例;双侧髂内动脉结扎56例,双侧髂内动脉栓塞8例,肝固有动脉结扎或栓塞48例(其中栓塞4例);脾动脉栓塞2例;腹内血管修补或结扎32例次(髂内动脉结扎25例次).控制污染是DCS的第2个主要目的:胰部分切除或内外引流24例次、十二指肠修补或憩室化15例次、膀胱修补造口36例次.上述简化手术完成后,患者送ICU,并立即开始继续复苏.争取在72小时内进行再次确定性手术.结果 138例采用DCS救治,存活101例,死亡率26.8%(37/138),死亡组ISS评分平均值41.6分.早期死因为颅脑损伤3例,急性大失血22例、腹腔间隙综合征1例,颈椎损伤高位截瘫2例.结论 合理使用DCS技术,维持机体的内环境稳定,使病人安全度过创伤的急性反应期,是提高严重创伤救治成功率的关键.     

具有超压防护功能的机动手术舱室污染物运动扩散的仿真研究

目的:对具有超压防护功能的机动手术舱室污染物运动扩散进行仿真研究,通过空气过滤净化和气流组织设计等方式减少生化污染物的危害,为患者和医生提供安全的舱室环境.方法:应用计算流体动力学方法对具有超压防护功能的机动手术舱室污染物运动扩散进行了仿真研究,分析了在超压防护系统工作前后两种状态下,污染物在室内的运动扩散及其对舱室内人员的影响.结果:在外部气态污染物浓度为5 mg/L的条件下,超压防护系统工作前,在10 s时呼吸区污染物达到最大浓度0.21 mg/L;超压防护系统工作后,在125 s时呼吸区污染物最大浓度达到0.01 mg/L的安全阈值.在整个计算过程中,污染物最大浓时积为0.1 mg·min/L,最小浓时积为0.011 mg·min/L.结论:机动手术舱室超压防护系统可以有效地将其工作前扩散到室内的气态污染物进行稀释,使室内人员周围不产生局部高浓度区,减小污染物对室内人员的影响.     

新型三重抗生素糊剂对再治疗根管内粪肠球菌的抗菌效果及近期疗效

目的 观察并比较新型三重抗生素（奥硝唑、环丙沙星和米诺环素）糊剂单独及与氢氧化钙糊剂联合应用对再治疗根管内粪肠球菌的杀灭效果及近期临床疗效。方法 收集根管治疗失败病例需根管再治疗的单根管患牙149颗。随机分为5组,分别为氢氧化钙糊剂组（CH组）、传统三重抗生素（甲硝唑、环丙沙星和米诺环素）糊剂组（TAP组）、新型三重抗生素糊剂组（NTAP组）、氢氧化钙＋新型三重抗生素糊剂组（CH＋NTAP组）、樟脑酚组（CP组）。取出根管内充填物后,分别于根管预备前、根管预备后及根管封药7 d后检测根管内粪肠球菌数量,并于封药7 d后进行近期临床疗效评定。结果 各组根管预备后及根管封药7 d后根管内粪肠球菌数量均较根管预备前下降（P均<0.05）,根管封药7 d后根管内粪肠球菌数量均较根管预备后下降（P均<0.05）。根管封药7 d后CH组、TAP组、NTAP组、CH＋NTAP组根管内粪肠球菌数量均低于CP组（P均<0.05）,NTAP组和CH＋NTAP组均分别低于CH组和TAP组（P均<0.05）,TAP组低于CH组（P<0.05）。根管封药7 d后CH组、TAP组、NTAP组、CH＋NTAP组的临床疗效均优于CP组（P均<0.05）,TAP组、NTAP组及CH＋NTAP组的疗效均优于CH组（P均<0.05）,但TAP组、NTAP组及CH＋NTAP组3组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 氢氧化钙糊剂、三重抗生素糊剂、氢氧化钙联合三重抗生素糊剂作为根管消毒药物,均对再治疗根管内粪肠球菌有较好的抗菌效果和近期临床疗效,特别是新型三重抗生素糊剂,值得临床上推广应用。     

腹腔镜结合术中内窥镜治疗结直肠良性病变13例分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术结合术中内窥镜治疗结直肠良性病变的方法和临床意义.方法 回顾性分析2004年6月至2006年12月13例结直肠良性病变以腹腔镜结合术中内窥镜治疗的患者的临床资料.结果 结肠多发性息肉1例,息肉3枚,直径1.5 cm～2.5 cm,乙状结肠、降结肠和直肠上段单发息肉或腺瘤11例,病变直径1.5 cm～3.0 cm,降结肠憩室并出血1例,直径1 cm,全部患者均在腹腔镜下结合术中内窥镜定位,经腹壁小切口找到定位处肠管切开后完整切除病变或缝扎憩室.无术后并发症.结论 腹腔镜结合术中内窥镜治疗结直肠良性病变定位准确、创伤小、安全有效,适合结直肠大部分位置良性疾病的治疗.     

A randomized controlled trial of topical exit site mupirocin application in patients with tunnelled, cuffed haemodialysis catheters.

BACKGROUND: Central venous catheters are frequently needed for the provision of haemodialysis, but their clinical usefulness is severely limited by infectious complications. The risk of such infections can be reduced by topical application of mupirocin to the exit sites of non-cuffed catheters or by the use of tunnelled, cuffed catheters. Whether mupirocin offers any additional protection against infection in patients with tunnelled, cuffed haemodialysis catheters has not been studied. METHODS: An open-label, randomized controlled trial was performed comparing the effect of thrice-weekly exit site application of mupirocin (mupirocin group) vs no ointment (control group) on infection rates and catheter survival in patients receiving haemodialysis via a newly inserted, tunnelled, cuffed central venous catheter. All patients were followed until catheter removal and were monitored for the development of exit site infections and catheter-associated bacteraemias. RESULTS: Fifty patients were enrolled in the study. Both the mupirocin (n=27) and control (n=23) groups were similar at baseline with respect to demographic characteristics, comorbid illnesses and causes of renal failure. Compared with controls, mupirocin-treated patients experienced significantly fewer catheter-related bacteraemias (7 vs 35%, P<0.01) and a longer time to first bacteraemia (log rank score 8.68, P<0.01). The beneficial effect of mupirocin was entirely attributable to a reduction in staphylococcal infection (log rank 10.69, P=0.001) and was still observed when only patients without prior nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage were included in the analysis (log rank score 6.33, P=0.01). Median catheter survival was also significantly longer in the mupirocin group (108 vs 31 days, log rank score 5.9, P<0.05). Mupirocin use was not associated with any adverse patient effects or the induction of antimicrobial resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Thrice-weekly application of mupirocin to tunnelled, cuffed haemodialysis catheter exit sites is associated with a marked reduction in line-related sepsis and a prolongation of catheter survival.     

雨季透析用水消毒方法及时间的改进

目的 保证雨季透析用水质量。方法 传统组采用1％甲醛对反渗机进行消毒；改进组分别对反渗机、贮水罐及供水管道进行分段消毒。比较两组消毒后细菌含量，并探讨时间与细菌含量的关系。结果 改进组反渗机出口水样细菌含量与传统组比较，差异无显著性意义，贮水罐出口与供水管出口水样中细菌含量均显著低于传统组（F＝17．21、11．60，均P＜0．01）；时间与各出口水样细菌含量呈显著正相关（r=0.897、0．886、0．870，均P＜0．01）。结论 雨季透析用水宜用分段消毒法，消毒间隔时间为1个月。     

枕颈融合联合鼻内镜治疗枢椎肿瘤

目的探讨枕颈融合联合鼻内镜技术行颈椎重建和肿瘤切除治疗枢椎肿瘤的疗效及其预后。方法2005年7月以来,共收治5例枢椎肿瘤,采取后路枕颈融合联合前路鼻内镜肿瘤切除术治疗。结果5例患者术后颈椎稳定性均得到满意重建,肿瘤切除充分。其中2例瘫痪患者术后JOA评分较术前明显增加。结论枕颈融合联合鼻内镜技术治疗枢椎肿瘤,肿瘤切除率高,并发症低,为高颈段肿瘤的治疗提供了新的临床思路。     

How to improve donor skin availability: Pragmatic procedures to minimize the discard rate of cryopreserved allografts in skin banking

BackgroundMicrobial contamination of human skin allografts is a frequent cause of allograft discard. Our purpose was to evaluate the discard rate of skin bank contaminated allografts and specific procedures used to reduce allograft contamination without affecting safety.MethodsWe conducted at the Lille Tissue Bank a retrospective study of all deceased donors (n = 104) harvested from January 2018 to December 2018. Skin procurement was split into 3 zones: the back of the body and the two legs that were processed separately. It represented 433 cryopreserved skin allograft pouches of approximatively 500 cm² each. Donors were almost equally split between brain-dead (53%, 55/104) and cadaveric (47%, 49/104) donors.ResultsOut of all donors, 42 (40.5%) had at least one sampling zone with a positive microbiological test resulting in 106 (24%) contaminated skin pouches. The contamination rate did not vary according to the harvested zone or type of donor. Traumatic deaths showed significantly less contamination rates than other death types (p < 0.05). Contamination rate decreased with time spent in the antibiotic solution. The risk of having contaminated allografts was five-fold higher when the skin spent less than 96 h in the antibiotic cocktail (p < 0.05). According to our validation protocol, most donors (32/42, 76%) had skin allografts contaminated with bacteria (mainly Staphylococcus spp) compatible with clinical use. No recipient infection was recorded as a result of skin graft contaminated with saprophytic or non-pathogenic germs. By harvesting 3 separate zones per donor, the total surface area for clinical use increased by 53% for contaminated donors. Overall, the proportion of contamination-related discarded allografts was 3.2% (14/433 of pouches).ConclusionFew simple pragmatic measures (including skin incubation in the antibiotic bath for at least 96 h at 4 °C, splitting the skin harvesting areas to minimize the risk of cross-infection and clinical use of allografts contaminated with saprophytic and non-pathogenic germs) can reduce the discard rate of contaminated allografts without affecting clinical safety.