密闭环境挥发性有机物行为特性分析

目的：研究居住型密闭环境内挥发性有机物（简称：ＶＯＣ）的环境行为特征,以了解其污染状况。方法：４名成年健康男性志愿者（简称：受试者）在６０ｍ６３居住型密闭环境内生活５昼夜。采集受试者进入密闭环境前一天上午的汗液（简称：Ｓ１）和离开密闭环境当天上午的汗液。５昼夜实验期间,每天上午采集环境空气和受试者２４ｈ内的尿液及粪便。     

湖泊水源地突发苯酚污染底泥表层扩散吸附研究

本实验重点关注湖泊水源地突发性苯酚污染事故中底泥表层的污染情况,建立数学模型并通过模拟实验,对污染发生后36 h底泥中苯酚浓度的连续监测,研究了污染时间、底泥深度、温度和pH对扩散的影响,验证了与上述四个因素相关的数学模型.结果表明:由于底泥对苯酚存在吸附—脱吸作用,需要对扩散系数进行修正,并且对于不同的底泥组成其修正...     

内窥镜在脑神经外科手术中的应用(附40例报告)

脑内窥镜手术是近年微创伤神经外科的一个重要发展方向.本文报告应用CT引导立体定向技术,施行脑内窥镜手术40例.包括脑肿瘤切除25例,脑囊肿摘除5例,脑内异物摘除4例.脑脓肿摘除3例,脉络丛烧的治疗脑积水2例,脑内寄生虫取出1例.病变均位于脑深部或重要功能区,其中鞍区18例、大脑半球8例、基底节区6例、侧脑室内5例、小脑半球3例.手术有效率97.5%(术后1月).术后无昏迷、偏瘫、颅内感染等严重并发症.本文介绍了内窥镜的手术方法,对于如何术中应用激光及防治并发症等问题进行了讨论.     

Prognostic Factors in Endodontic Surgery Using an Endoscope: A 1 Year Retrospective Cohort Study

This retrospective study clarified the success rate of endoscopic endodontic surgeries and identified predictors accounting for successful surgeries. In this retrospective study, 242 patients (90 males, 152 females) who underwent endoscopic endodontic surgery at a single general hospital and were diagnosed through follow-up one year later were included. Risk factors were categorized into attributes, general health, anatomy, and surgery. Then, the correlation coefficient was calculated for the success or failure of endodontic surgery for each variable, the odds ratio was calculated for the upper variable, and factors related to the surgical prognosis factor were identified. The success rate of endodontic surgery was 95.3%, showing that it was a highly predictable treatment. The top three correlation coefficients were post, age, and perilesional sclerotic signs. Among them, the presence of posts was the highest, compared with the odds ratio, which was 9.592. This retrospective study revealed the success rate and risk factors accounting for endoscopic endodontic surgeries. Among the selected clinical variables, the presence of posts was the most decisive risk factor determining the success of endodontic surgeries.     

Exploration of Zero-Valent Iron Stabilized Calcium–Silicate–Alginate Beads’ Catalytic Activity and Stability for Perchlorate Degradation

Perchlorate contamination in groundwater poses a serious threat to human health, owing to its interference with thyroid function. The high solubility and poor adsorption of perchlorate ions make perchlorate degradation a necessary technology in groundwater contaminant removal. Here, we demonstrate the perchlorate degradation by employing nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) embedded in biocompatible silica alginate hybrid beads fabricated using calcium chloride (1 wt%) as a crosslinker. The concentration of precursors (sodium alginate, sodium silicate) for bead formation was standardized by evaluating the thermal stability of beads prepared at different sodium silicate and alginate concentrations. Thermal degradation of silica alginate hybrid samples showed a stepwise weight loss during the thermal sweep, indicating different types of reactions that occur during the degradation process. The formation of the silica alginate hybrid structure was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data revealed the surface morphology of silica alginate hybrid changes by varying sodium silicate and alginate concentrations. nZVI-loaded alginate–silicate polymer bead (nZVI-ASB) exhibited excellent perchlorate degradation efficiency by degrading 20 ppm of perchlorate within 4 h. Our study also showed the perchlorate degradation efficiency of nZVI-ASB is maximum at neutral pH conditions.     

农村生活饮用水安全调查及安全策略

  目的  探索地理信息系统（GIS）技术应用于农村饮用水水质监测分析及疾病监测预警的可行性和适用性。  方法  监测100个有代表性的农村水厂水源水样微生物污染状况,利用健康管理大数据分析平台获取水质监测、法定肠道传染病和感染性腹泻病例信息,应用地理信息系统对数据进行整合与可视化处理,实现农村饮水安全的监测预警和地图展示。  结果  河水（水源水）菌落总数与大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌检出值呈显著正相关（r = 0.850、0.566,P < 0.01）,大肠菌群与大肠埃希菌检出值呈显著正相关（r = 0.501,P < 0.01）,大肠埃希菌与沙门菌检出值呈明显相关性（r = 0.632,P < 0.05）。应用GIS技术将农村水源、水厂、供水区域范围、覆盖人群、疾病、水质监测等数据整合与可视化处理,绘制出农村饮水安全风险监测与预警展示地图,地理信息系统对水质监测和病例聚集情况可直观展示和智能预警。  结论  河水可采用大肠埃希菌作为沙门菌的指示菌,基于GIS技术的农村饮用水微生物污染风险监测预警系统可作为疾病防控和卫生应急处置的重要技术支撑。     

对比观察鼻内镜鼻中隔矫正术与传统鼻中隔矫正术的临床效果

目的对比观察鼻内镜鼻中隔矫正术与传统鼻中隔矫正术的临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法将240例鼻中隔偏曲患者分为两组,对照组予传统中隔矫正手术治疗,观察组予鼻内镜鼻中隔矫正术治疗,对比两组2周后治愈情况,不良反应和并发症。结果观察组患者的总有效率(99.13%)明显高于对照组(43.61%),观察组患者的并发症发生率(12.17%)明显低于对照组(48.70%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在鼻中隔偏曲的治疗中采用鼻内镜鼻中隔矫正手术相较于传统鼻中隔矫正手术,其治愈率高,手术危险性低,值得临床上推广应用。     

损伤控制外科理念在合并腹部损伤的多发伤救治中的应用

目的 将损伤控制外科(damage control surgery,DCS)理论由传统的单纯腹部损伤救治扩展到多发伤综合救治的角度.方法 回顾性分析合并有腹部损伤的多发伤586例,其中应用了损伤控制技术138例,占24.3%.控制出血是DCS的首要任务,包括:腹部填塞(abdominal packing,AP)止血34例;双侧髂内动脉结扎56例,双侧髂内动脉栓塞8例,肝固有动脉结扎或栓塞48例(其中栓塞4例);脾动脉栓塞2例;腹内血管修补或结扎32例次(髂内动脉结扎25例次).控制污染是DCS的第2个主要目的:胰部分切除或内外引流24例次、十二指肠修补或憩室化15例次、膀胱修补造口36例次.上述简化手术完成后,患者送ICU,并立即开始继续复苏.争取在72小时内进行再次确定性手术.结果 138例采用DCS救治,存活101例,死亡率26.8%(37/138),死亡组ISS评分平均值41.6分.早期死因为颅脑损伤3例,急性大失血22例、腹腔间隙综合征1例,颈椎损伤高位截瘫2例.结论 合理使用DCS技术,维持机体的内环境稳定,使病人安全度过创伤的急性反应期,是提高严重创伤救治成功率的关键.