不同年级高中生睡眠质量与心理健康状况的相关性

目的：探讨不同年级高中生睡眠质量与心理健康状况的相关性。方法对高一、高三及复习班学生采用症状自评量表、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表进行测评分析。结果本组28．1％的学生存在睡眠障碍,93．4％的学生睡眠时间＜7 h。高一、高三、复习班学生症状自评量表总均分及9个因子分和匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表总分及5个因子分比较差异有显著性（ P＜0．05或0．01）。入组高中生症状自评量表总均分与匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表总分及睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍、日间功能、入睡时间及睡眠效率因子分呈显著正相关（P＜0．05）。结论高中生睡眠质量问题比较严重,睡眠不足比较突出,高中生睡眠质量与心理健康状况呈正相关。     

心理干预对康复期脑卒中伴焦虑抑郁障碍患者情绪及幸福感的影响

目的：探讨心理干预对康复期脑卒中伴焦虑抑郁障碍患者情绪及幸福感的影响。方法将120例康复期脑卒中伴抑郁焦虑障碍患者随机分为两组,每组60例。两组均予以神经内科常规治疗及训练,研究组联合心理干预,观察12个月。于干预前后采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评定焦虑抑郁情绪,症状自评量表评定心理健康状况,总体幸福感指数量表评定幸福感, Barthel指数量表评定日常生活活动能力;干预12个月评估两组患者的治疗依从性。结果干预前两组各量表评分比较差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）;干预12个月两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表及症状自评量表评分较干预前显著降低（P＜0．01）,研究组显著低于对照组（P＜0．01）;干预后各时间点两组Barthel指数量表评分和研究组总体幸福感指数量表评分较干预前显著升高（P＜0．01）,研究组显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）。干预后研究组依从率为96．7％,对照组为81．7％,研究组显著高于对照组（ P＜0．01）。结论心理干预能有效缓解或消除脑卒中患者的焦虑抑郁情绪,提高其心理健康水平、总体幸福感及日常生活活动能力,有利于疾病的预后。     

青少年心理问题影响因素分析

青少年群体存在不同程度的心理问题,严重影响其心身健康发展。青少年心理问题的发生与心理社会多种因素有关,本文对青少年心理健康的影响因素进行了分析,旨在为促进青少年的心身健康发展提供依据。     

住院精神病患者综合护理干预效果评价

目的：探讨住院精神病患者综合护理干预效果。方法将179例住院精神病患者随机分为两组,研究组接受综合护理干预,对照组接受常规护理干预,观察8周。采用自拟调查表统计两组各类症状发生率,护士用住院病人观察量表评定护理干预效果。结果干预8周末研究组各类临床症状检出率显著低于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01）;护士用住院病人观察量表评分显著优于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论综合护理干预有利于精神病患者各种精神症状的改善,对促进患者的临床康复具有积极作用。     

Literature review on monitoring technologies and their outcomes in independently living elderly people

Purpose: To obtain insight into what kind of monitoring technologies exist to monitor activity in-home, what the characteristics and aims of applying these technologies are, what kind of research has been conducted on their effects and what kind of outcomes are reported. Methods: A systematic document search was conducted within the scientific databases Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Cinahl, complemented by Google Scholar. Documents were included in this review if they reported on monitoring technologies that detect activities of daily living (ADL) or significant events, e.g. falls, of elderly people in-home, with the aim of prolonging independent living. Results: Five main types of monitoring technologies were identified: PIR motion sensors, body-worn sensors, pressure sensors, video monitoring and sound recognition. In addition, multicomponent technologies and smart home technologies were identified. Research into the use of monitoring technologies is widespread, but in its infancy, consisting mainly of small-scale studies and including few longitudinal studies. Conclusions: Monitoring technology is a promising field, with applications to the long-term care of elderly persons. However, monitoring technologies have to be brought to the next level, with longitudinal studies that evaluate their (cost-) effectiveness to demonstrate the potential to prolong independent living of elderly persons.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Insight was obtained of what kind of technologies exist to monitor activity of daily living, what their functionalities and outcomes of using these technologies are to prolong independent living of non-institutionalised elderly people.

• Five main groups of monitoring technologies exist with a wide range of functionalities. Research into the use of monitoring technologies is widespread but in its infancy, consisting mainly of small-scale studies and including few longitudinal studies.

• Research into the use of monitoring technologies demonstrated that the systems are able to monitor daily activities and have the potential of prolonging independent living of elderly people.

     

Surgical assessment: measuring unobserved health

Background

The federal and provincial governments in Canada have invested an enormous amount of resources to measure, report and reduce surgical wait times. Yet these measures under-report the wait period that patients’ actually experience, because they do not capture the length of time a patient spends waiting to see the surgeon for a surgical assessment. This unmeasured time is referred to as the “wait one” (W1). Little is known about W1 and the effects that this has on patients’ health. Similarly, it is not understood whether patients waiting for surgical assessment actually want or need surgery. Existing administrative and clinical dataset do not capture information on health and decision-making while the patient is waiting for care form a specialist. The objective of this proposed study is to understand the impact that W1 for elective surgeries has on the health of patients and to determine whether this time can be reduced.

Methods/Design

A prospective survey design will be used to measure the health of patients waiting for surgical assessment. Working with the support of the surgical specialities in Vancouver Coastal Health, we will survey patients immediately after being referred for surgical assessment, and every four months thereafter, until they are seen by the surgeon.Validated survey instruments will be used, including: generic and condition-specific health status questionnaires, pain and depression assessments. Other factors that will be measured include: patients’ knowledge about their condition, and their desired autonomy in the decision making process. We have piloted data collection in one surgical specialty in order to demonstrate feasibility.

Discussion

The results from this study will be used to quantify changes in patients’ health while they wait for surgical assessment. Based on this, policy- and decision-makers could design care interventions during W1, aimed at mitigating any negative health consequences associated with waiting. The results from this study will also be used to better understand whether there are factors that predict patients’ desire to proceed to surgery. These could be used to guide future research into experimenting with interventions to minimize inappropriate referrals and where they are best targeted.     

Mental Well‐Being Mediates the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Perceived Health

The association between stress and health has been well researched in the past; however, comparatively few mediators have been tested to understand the underlying mechanism. With increasing awareness on mental well‐being, this study evaluated the relationship between perceived stress and perceived health and examined mental well‐being as a mediator. Two‐hundred undergraduates aged 21 to 26 years completed the English Perceived Stress Scale, Health Status Questionnaire and Asian Mental Well‐Being Scale that assess perceived stress, perceived health and mental well‐being, respectively. Factor analysis and structural equation modelling on the Perceived Stress Scale replicated the reported two‐factor structure after excluding an insignificant item. Linear multiple regression analyses indicated that perceived stress was negatively associated with perceived health. Results showed that mental well‐being partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and perceived health, although it is acknowledged that this association could be bidirectional. Findings from the present study suggest that future research could focus on reducing stress and improving mental well‐being to alleviate the effect of stress on health. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.