血吸虫病传播阻断地区环介导等温扩增技术检测钉螺血吸虫感染性效果

目的　比较环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）和镜检法在血吸虫病传播阻断地区检测血吸虫感染性钉螺的效果,为该类地区优化钉螺监测技术提供科学依据。方法　选择云南省鹤庆县达到传播阻断标准的新庄、古乐、邑头、连义4个山丘型血吸虫病流行村作为研究村,其中新庄、古乐为山区村,连义、邑头为坝区村。2018年7月采用系统抽样结合环境抽查法进行钉螺调查,捕获钉螺用解剖镜检法观察血吸虫感染。同时在各有螺环境捡获的钉螺镜检后随机选择10 ~ 20只进行组织提取,按不同环境分别编号,混合后进行LAMP检测。比较不同流行村环境LAMP阳性率差异。结果　4个村共调查83处有螺环境,捕获活螺7 949只,镜检未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺。1 786只钉螺共混合成226管样品进行LAMP检测,在2个坝区村发现LAMP核酸阳性3管,分布在2个村3处有螺环境,其中连义村1处环境,环境阳性率5.89%;邑头村2处环境,环境阳性率14.29%,2个坝区村环境阳性率差异无统计学意义（P = 0.344）,但坝区村环境总阳性率（9.67%,3/31）高于山区村（0）（P = 0.048）。结论　LAMP技术检测血吸虫感染性钉螺较传统解剖镜检法更敏感,可作为山丘型血吸虫病传播阻断流行区高危有螺环境钉螺检测方法的一种补充。     

Therapeutic regulation of autophagy in hepatic metabolismOA

Metabolic homeostasis requires dynamic catabolic and anabolic processes. Autophagy, an intracellular lysosomal degradative pathway, can rewire cellular metabolism linking catabolic to anabolic processes and thus sustain homeostasis. This is especially relevant in the liver, a key metabolic organ thatgoverns body energy metabolism. Autophagy’s role in hepatic energy regulation has just begun to emerge and autophagy seems to have a much broader impact than what has been appreciated in the field. T...     

Successful ABO-incompatible heart transplantation in a child despite blood-group sensitization after ventricular assist device support

Abstract:  In the first two yr of life blood-group incompatible (ABO-incompatible) heart transplantation can be performed leading to immune tolerance to donor blood group. Antibody titers should be below 1:4. VAD use is correlated with sensitization toward blood-group antigens. A boy was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy at nine months of age and listed for 0-compatible transplantation. Progressive heart failure required implantation of a left VAD. His listing was extended for ABO-incompatible transplantation despite antibody titers of 1:32 anti-A and 1:8 anti-B. After 26 days on VAD, he was transplanted with a B donor heart. No hyperacute or acute rejection occurred in 12 months post-transplant. Anti-B antibodies rose to a maximum of 1:2. No use of rituximab or plasmapheresis was required. There are no signs of graft vasculopathy. This indicates that inclusion criteria for ABO-incompatible transplantation may be extended to immediate cases. This is the first case with a healthy immune system to show signs of tolerance development after ABO-incompatible heart transplantation with increased prior antibody titers and without specific treatment.     

Management of Vasovagal Syncope

Vasovagal syncope is a common disorder of autonomic cardiovascular regulation that can be very disabling and result in a significant level of psychosocial and physical limitations. The optimal approach to treatment of patients with vasovagal syncope remains uncertain. Although many different types of treatment have been proposed and appear effective based largely on small nonrandomized studies and clinical series, there is a remarkable absence of data from large prospective clinical trials. However, based on currently available data, the pharmacologic agents most likely to be effective in the treatment of patients with vasovagal syncope include beta blockers, fludrocortisone, and alpha-adrenergic agonists. In this article, we provide a summary of the various therapeutic options that have been proposed for vasovagal syncope and review the clinical studies that form the basis of present therapy for this relatively common entity.     

Selective Vagal Denervation of the Sinus and Atrioventricular Nodes, Guided by Vagal Reflexes Induced by High Frequency Stimulation, to Treat Refractory Neurally Mediated Syncope

A 15-year-old female patient presented with frequent episodes of vasovagal syncope refractory to non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures. Two tilt-table tests performed before and after conventional therapy were positive and reproduced the patient's clinical symptoms. Selective vagal denervation, guided by HFS, was performed. Six radiofrequency pulses were applied on the left and right sides of the interatrial septum, abolishing vagal responses at these locations. Basal sinus node and Wenckebach cycle lengths changed significantly following ablation. A tilt test performed after denervation was negative and revealed autonomic tone modification. The patient reported significant improvement in quality of life and remained asymptomatic for 9 months after denervation. After this period, three episodes of NMS occurred during a 4-month interval and a tilt test performed 11 months after the procedure demonstrated vagal activity recovery.     

内皮功能检测及临床意义

内皮可以维持血管结构及张力、调节血管细胞生长、调节抗凝及纤溶系统、介导炎症与免疫、调节白细胞与血小板在血管内皮黏附、调节脂质氧化、调节血管通透性,是心血管疾病发病的关键所在,血管内皮功能障碍是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一,准确评价这一器官功能很有临床价值。目前临床检测方法主要有以下三种方法:血浆中释放的一些血浆标志物,如血管假性血友病因子等;适当的刺激后血管释放一氧化氮及其生物活性的测量,如血流介导的血管扩张;循环内皮相关细胞计数,如循环内皮细胞等。三种方法各有优缺点,并且它们之间是相互联系。     

Phagocytosis of opsonised fluorescent platelets by neutrophils to detect antiplatelet antibody

A platelet immunofluorophagocytosis method was developed to detect the presence of antiplatelet antibody. The method combines the advantages of immunofluorescence of antibody-coated platelets, the ability of neutrophils to phagocytose opsonised platelets, and the property of methylene blue to quench FITC-generated fluorescence of extracellular particles. Paraformaldehyde-fixed equine platelets in suspension were treated with rabbit antiequine platelet serum and FITC-conjugated goat antirabbit IgG. Viable equine neutrophils were incubated with these platelets at 37°C for 15–30 minutes. Phagocytosis was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy immediately after addition of 1% methylene blue to neutrophil platelet suspensions. Extracellular and free platelets were rendered nonfluorescent by methylene blue, whereas intracellular platelets remained unaffected and appeared highly fluorescent depending on the antiserum dilution. Phagocytosis was significantly (P <0.05) increased in the presence of complement. Addition of divalent cations (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) did not increase phagocytosis, whereas EDTA significantly (P <0.05) reduced phagocytosis irrespective of the presence of complement. Sensitivity of the method can be increased by quantifying phagocytosis using flow cytometry.