Complications after different methods for fixation of mandibular angle fractures: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The aim of this review was to compare mandibular angle fracture fixation methods that were evaluated through randomized clinical trials considering postoperative complications. Additionally, different treatment methods were ranked based on their performance. A systematic review was performed based on the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. The quality of evidence and network meta-analysis were conducted using the GRADE tool and R software, respectively. Four databases were searched, and the papers were selected based on the PICOS strategy. A total of 3584 papers were found. After screening 15 papers were included. One plate placed on lateral border (tension zone) presented lower risk than one plate placed on superior border (tension zone) for infection [risk ratio (RR): 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33 to 0.71] and plate removal necessity (RR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.69), with moderate quality of evidence. There were no significant differences among the mandibular angle fracture treatments for malocclusion and paraesthesia outcomes. In conclusion, one plate placed on the lateral border in the tension zone is the best choice regarding postoperative infection and plate removal necessity when fixing mandibular angle fractures. None of the tested fixation methods were associated with a significant risk of malocclusion and paraesthesia events.     

Healing of a large avulsed mandibular bony segment: report of a unique case

This case report puts an emphasis on retaining and re-fixing any avulsed bony segments in the maxillofacial region and maintaining the periosteal layer whenever possible, especially in young patients. Adequate bony fixation and watertight soft tissue closure are vital components for bone healing. The healing potential of facial bones is much higher as compared to the long bones, due to the superior blood supply.     

Mandibulotomy access to tumour sites: fewer complications for postoperative compared with preoperative radiotherapy

The purpose of this study was to compare complication rates at the mandibulotomy site between patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and those receiving postoperative RT during treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer where the surgical procedure required a mandibular osteotomy to gain access to the tumour. Sixty-four consecutive patients treated during the period 2000–2015 were available for analysis. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were followed for at least 1 year postoperatively. A subgroup of patients received RT on several occasions or long before the mandibulotomy, therefore the statistical comparisons focused on the two groups of patients receiving RT on one occasion and within 6 months prior to or following surgery. Seventeen patients presented a total of 29 complications, yielding an overall complication rate of 27%. Orocutaneous fistula was the most common complication. Patients who received RT preoperatively presented a higher complication rate (9/15; 60%) when compared to those who received RT postoperatively (2/31; 6.5%) (odds ratio 21.8, P < 0.001). This study demonstrated fewer complications in the mandibulotomy area exposed to postoperative RT compared with preoperative RT. It is therefore suggested that, when possible, RT should be given postoperatively if combination treatment with RT and surgery, including a mandibulotomy, is planned.     

两种排龈方法排龈效果的数字化分析

目的 数字化分析比较半导体激光排龈及单线排龈法的临床排龈效果,即排龈疼痛度分析以及对游离龈龈沟宽度（sulcus width,SW）和牙龈退缩量（gingival recession,GR）的影响。方法 选择需行固定修复的患者42例,共计52颗患牙,随机分为半导体激光排龈组及单线排龈组,选择26颗正常牙作为空白对照组。采用VRS疼痛数字分级法,评估两种排龈法疼痛度;采用3Shape扫描仪制取排龈前及排龈后即刻、1周、6周的数字化模型,在geomagic qualify 2014软件中,分析比较两种排龈法排龈后SW、GR0、GR1、GR6。结果 半导体激光排龈组疼痛度低于单线排龈组（P<0.05）;半导体激光组SW颊=（0.394 2±0.087 3）mm、SW腭=（0.397 4±0.086 8）mm,大于单线排龈组SW颊=（0.322 8±0.057 3）mm、SW腭=（0.306 0±0.050 6）mm（P<0.05）;半导体激光组GR0＝（0.342 5±0.027 9）mm、GR1＝（0.162 5±0.056 9）mm、GR6＝（0.239 3±0.020 6）mm大于单线排龈组GR0＝（0.273 0±0.018 7）mm、GR1＝（0.145 9±0.030 8）mm、GR6＝（0.162 5±0.015 9）mm（P<0.05）。结论 半导体激光排龈疼痛度较低,单线排龈法及半导体激光排龈法均能达到良好的龈沟宽度,但二者均会导致永久性龈退缩,且半导体激光排龈后牙龈退缩量较单线排龈法大,故针对厚龈型牙龈建议使用单线排龈。但对于疼痛较为敏感的患者,也可考虑使用激光排龈。     

下颌适度前移矫治器治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停及上气道容积的影响

目的:研究下颌适度前移矫治器(mandibular advancement device,MAD)治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)及上气道容积的影响。方法:选择2017年6月~2018年9月经河南省中医院收治的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者57例进行下颌适度前移矫治器治疗。比较治疗前与治疗6个月后患者症状与体征指标;记录鼻阻力、气道容积和原位横截面积。根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)降低,治疗反应分为完全、部分或非完全。分析MAD治疗后6个月影响因素及MAD上咽气道通畅性与鼻腔阻力,并采用多元性分析原位MAD增加上呼吸道总容积的预测因素。使用SPSS20.0软件包对数据进行统计分析。结果:男性平均年龄小于女性,男性已婚人数占比及大专以上教育程度占比高于女性(P<0.05);完全响应组年龄、治疗后AHI低于部分/不完全反应组,存在位置AHI、覆牙合高于部分/非完全响应组(P<0.05);治疗结束后/原位MAD AHI、仰卧性AHI、动脉血氧饱和度(Percutaneous oxygen saturation,SaO2)<90%、打鼾、打鼾症状、睡量、平均总鼻呼吸阻力低于无原位MAD,口咽面积、口咽、下咽、鼻咽最小横截面积、总咽气道容积高于无原位MAD(P<0.05);凸面型轮廓呈正相关,下面部高度增加、咽喉反流与上呼吸道容积增大呈负相关(P<0.05),其余因素无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论:多数患者适宜下颌中度前移,MAD疗效显著。下颌前移后,凸面型轮廓患者咽气道容积增加更为明显,下面部高度偏大与咽喉反流是限制气道容积增加的重要因素。     

儿童下颌第二磨牙冠周炎致下颌骨骨髓炎的临床诊治

目的:探讨儿童下颌第二磨牙冠周炎导致下颌骨骨髓炎的临床特点及治疗方法。方法:选取2016年1月~2019年3月共收治10例儿童下颌第二磨牙冠周炎致下颌骨骨髓炎患者,平均年龄12.1岁,临床表现为面部肿胀、发硬、张口受限。10例患者均在全麻下行“下颌骨骨髓炎探查刮治活检术+冠周龈瓣切除术”,预防性“拔除下颌第三磨牙胚”。病变发生于下颌体、下颌角及下颌升支,以颊侧为主,9例出现骨质破坏,10例病例可见较广泛的骨质增生硬化、与颌骨平行的骨膜新生骨。结果:10例患者术后口内创口均愈合良好,面部肿胀消退,张口度改善,3月后复查锥形束CT显示骨质缺损区范围逐渐缩小,病变颌骨可重新塑形解剖结构接近正常。结论:儿童下颌第二磨牙冠周炎所致下颌骨骨髓炎患者的发生年龄小,早期诊断与治疗有助于防止下颌骨破坏加重,避免下颌骨发育畸形、病理性骨折及面部畸形;对于以颊侧病变为主的骨髓炎病灶,经口内切口彻底行下颌骨骨髓炎刮治术取得良好的临床治疗效果。     

克氏针治疗下颌骨髁突矢状骨折13例回顾性分析

目的探讨克氏针内固定方式在下颌髁突矢状骨折治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾分析2019年1月至2020年1月在广州中医药大学附属佛山市中医院口腔医疗中心就诊的下颌骨髁突矢状骨折复位后采用克氏针内固定治疗的患者,共13例19侧。治疗过程包括常规手术切开、暴露并复位游离的下颌骨髁突后,根据下颌骨髁突骨质断端情况利用2~4根克氏针固定,伴发其他部位骨折时同期手术治疗。术后1周通过CBCT评估游离的下颌骨髁突复位精准度及稳固性,通过临床检查评价咬合关系、开口度、开口型。结果所有患者骨折断端对位良好,克氏针无扭曲、折断和松脱;术后咬合关系、开口度、开口型恢复良好。结论克氏针治疗下颌骨髁突矢状骨折效果确切,有临床应用价值。     

累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙拔除方法研究进展

 累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙传统拔除方法常会引起以下牙槽神经损伤为主的并发症,为此有众多学者提出新的拔除方法,如截冠法、正畸牵引辅助及冠周去骨法等,以减少下牙槽神经损伤的发生。文章就累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三磨牙拔除方法的原理、适应证、操作注意事项及优缺点等做一综述。     

种植体数目与分布对下颌种植覆盖义齿骨组织应力变化的影响

目的：建立下颌种植覆盖义齿三维有限元模型,研究咬合力作用下种植体数目与位置分布对牙槽骨组织应力分布的影响因素。方法：临床采集患者下颌骨及其原有义齿CT数据,使用逆向工程软件建立种植体数目与位置不同的下颌种植覆盖义齿实体模型。通过Abaqus有限元软件分析咬合力作用下种植体数目与位置分布对种植体周围以及下颌后端牙槽骨应力变化的影响。结果：在咬合力作用下,下颌骨Mises应力主要分布在种植体周围骨组织,种植体远中颈部呈现应力集中,下颌后端区域应力较小且分布均匀。随着种植体数目的增加,后端种植体周围骨应力上升,远端牙槽骨应力降低。当牙弓前、后端种植体距离增加时,种植体周围骨应力增大,远端牙槽骨应力降低。结论：采用2植体支持的下颌种植覆盖义齿种植体周围骨吸收风险较小,但远端牙槽嵴骨吸收风险增大。4植体义齿所承受的咬合力主要由植体承担,修复时应注意前后植体的距离和咬合力在义齿上的合理分布。