Metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast: A case report and literature review

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common malignancy in children, but embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) deposits rarely occur in the breast in adults. Therefore, little is known about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of breast metastases from RMS, especially the embryonal type. We reported a case of a 22-year-old woman who was diagnosed with ERMS at left foot 2 years ago and accepted operation and chemotherapy. She was confirmed to have breast metastases from the left foot. Successive imaging examinations were performed 3 months apart. Breast ultrasound indicated a benign lesion, and further examination did not reveal any bone metastases. However, predominant restricted diffusion and rim contrast enhancement on MRI combined with the patient's medical history suggested a malignancy of BI-RADS 5. After 3 months, breast ultrasound revealed masses detected last time became larger and lobulated. In addition, internal heterogeneous intensity and rim contrast enhancement with restricted diffusion were revealed on MRI. We speculated that typical MRI findings of breast metastases from RMS may include iso- to hypointensity on T1WI, heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI, and circular enhancement with restricted diffusion. Moreover, mild peritumoral edema, rapid expansion of necrosis, and ascending time-intensity curve detected on MRI may be features of the ERMS type.     

不同b值条件下心脏体素内不相干运动成像相关参数的一致性

目的观察不同b值条件下心脏体素内不相干运动(IVIM)成像相关参数的一致性。方法对30名健康志愿者行左心室中间部IVIM扫描,以双指数模型获取IVIM参数值慢速表观弥散系数(ADCslow)、快速ADC(ADCfast)及灌注分数f。比较9个b值(0、20、50、80、100、120、200、300、500 s/mm^2)与7个b值(0、20、80、100、200、300、500 s/mm^2)条件下所测参数值的差异,采用组内相关系数(ICC)分析2名医师测量参数结果的一致性,以Bland-Altman检验分析不同b值条件下所测参数的一致性。结果9个与7个b值条件下ADCslow、ADCfast及f差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),且2名医师测量IVIM参数的组内及组间一致性均较好(ICC均≥0.66,P均<0.05)。Bland-Altman图显示,9个与7个b值时ADCslow的平均偏差为-0.07×10-3 mm^2/s,一致性界限(-1.87,1.73);ADCfast的平均偏差1.57×10-3 mm^2/s,一致性界限(-72.64,75.77);f的平均偏差1.17%,一致性界限(-13.45,15.79)。结论9个与7个b值条件下心脏IVIM成像各参数值的一致性较好。     

高分辨率MR血管壁成像测量壁强化指数评估颅内动脉瘤不稳定性

目的探讨高分辨率MR(HRMR)血管壁成像(VWI)所测壁强化指数(WEI)评估颅内动脉瘤不稳定性的价值。方法回顾性分析174例未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者。以3D-DSA观察动脉瘤大小、位置、形态。基于HRMR血管壁成像主观评估是否有动脉瘤壁强化(AWE),并采用软件计算WEI。采用ELAPSS及PHASES评分评估动脉瘤生长风险及破裂风险。以Spearman相关分析观察WEI与动脉瘤生长及破裂风险的相关性。结果 174例患者共248个无症状未破裂颅内囊状动脉瘤,HRMR VWI示AWE 78个、无AWE 170个。AWE与无AWE动脉瘤大小、位置、形态、ELAPSS评分、生长风险、PHASES评分、5年破裂风险差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。AWE动脉瘤WEI高于无AWE动脉瘤(P0.001)。Spearman相关分析显示,WEI与动脉瘤3年、5年生长风险(r_s=0.40、0.40,P均0.01)及5年破裂风险(r_s=0.24,P0.01)均呈正相关。结论 HRMR VWI所测WEI越高,提示动脉瘤不稳定性越高。     

卵巢硬化性间质瘤1例

患者女,27岁,已婚,孕0产0,因“体检发现右侧卵巢肿物18天”入院;既往月经紊乱4年余。妇科查体:阴道少量白色分泌物,宫颈中度糜烂。实验室检查:雌二醇75.69 pg/ml,孕酮0.95 ng/ml。MRI:右侧附件区见2.1 cm×3.2 cm×3.5 cm团块状异常信号,界清,T1WI呈等信号,脂肪抑制T2WI呈等、稍高、高混杂信号(图1A),周边以等信号为主,呈乳头状、梳状深入中央高信号区,高信号区内见团块状、结节状等信号灶,形成“湖岛”征;DWI(b=1000 s/mm 2)呈稍高信号;增强扫描动脉期病灶明显不均匀强化(图1B),静脉期呈渐进性明显强化(图1C),盆腔少量积液。     

十二指肠原发性去分化脂肪肉瘤1例

患者男,79岁,外院腹部CT发现十二指肠病变1周;既往有胃溃疡病史。查体未见明显异常。腹部CT:十二指肠降段管壁增厚、管腔狭窄,增强后局部明显不均匀强化,内见条状稍高密度影,部分层面紧邻胰头(图1A、1B)。MRI:十二指肠降段管壁明显不均匀增厚达2.3 cm,肠腔狭窄,T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI为稍高信号,扩散加权成像(b=800 s/mm 2)呈高信号;增强后管壁不均匀明显强化,周围脂肪间隙尚清晰,部分层面与邻近胰头分界欠清(图1C)。     

肺隐球菌病累及中枢神经系统1例

正患者女,43岁,10余天前无明显诱因出现头痛,伴呕吐、发热;既往体健。查体未见明显异常。实验室检查:甲胎蛋白1.78ng/ml,癌胚抗原0.98 ng/ml,糖类抗原19-9为7.70U/ml,糖类抗原12-5为42.80U/ml。头部MRI:双侧大脑半球灰白质交界区见多发长T1、稍长T2结节,双侧基底节区见囊状长T1、长T2结节,于弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)(b=1 000s/mm2)中呈低信号(图1A),表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,     

全脑功能连接模式分析研究及临床应用进展

基于功能MRI(fMRI)的功能连接(FC)分析可用于研究大脑功能异常。全脑FC模式具有高度特异性,可如指纹般视为个体识别标记,进而诊断疾病并指导临床治疗。本文对全脑FC模式及其临床应用进展进行综述。