Scanning electron microscopic studies of reticular framework in the rat mesenteric lymph node

Background: The reticular framework in the lymph node has in the past been studied mainly by light microscopy of silver-impregnated specimens. The aim of the present study is to understand three-dimensionally the ultrastructure and organization of the reticular framework better than before. Methods: The mesenteric lymph nodes of the rat were prepared either an alkali-water maceration method or a conventional method and were observed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The SEM study of alkali-water macerated tissues visualized directly the reticular fiber network in the lymph node. The reticular fibers consisted of thin bundles of collagem fibrils. They were continuous with the collagen fibriliar sheaths of blood vessels and lymphatic sinuses as well as with the fibrous capusule, thus acting as a skeleton of the lymph node. The arrangement of the reticulum was variable, depending on individual compartments. The SEM study of conventionally treated tissues, on the other hand, clarified the shape of reticular cells and their relationship with the reticular fibers. The sinus reticular cells connected with the sinus lining cells but separated from the parenchymal reticular cells, indicating that the former two originate from lymphatic endothelial cells. The parenchymal reticular cells varied in shape depending on their locations but essentially shared features with fibroblasts. Conclusions: The arrangements of the reticular fibers in the parenchyma were closely related to the associated reticular cells, showing the possibility that the reticular cells maintain the shape of the reticular framework suitable for each compartment of the lymph node. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study of Lymphoid Germinal Centers in Synovial and Lymph Node Tissues from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Special Reference to Complement Components and Their Receptors

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the immune complex (IC) diseases in which lymphoid germinal centers (GCs) are found in the synovial tissue. Simultaneously, patients with RA often show swelling of lymph nodes. The morphology and function of the lymph node GCs in patients with RA is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in morphology and immunoreactions to complement (C) components, their receptors, and lgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) between synovial GCs and lymph-node GCs in RA. Furthermore, the relationship between these immuno-reactive substances and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in GCs was investigated. The tissues examined were 41 RA synovial specimens, seven RA lymph nodes with massive lymphadenopathy, and 10 non-RA lymph nodes. The number of synovial GCs was relatively decreased in comparison with lymph-node GCs in RA, and the diameter of each synovial GC was smaller than that of each lymph-node GC. The synovial GCs were edematous and less cellular, and moreover, those from RF-seronegative cases were smaller than those from RF seropositive cases. On the other hand, the lymph-node GCs in RA were larger, more cellular and hyperplastic, but contained more tingible-body macro-phages (TBMs) and neutrophils. In the GCs of both synovial tissues and lymph nodes in RA, early C components (C1q, C4, C3c, C3d), IgM RF, and C3b receptor (C3bR) and C3d receptor (C3dR) were expressed as a lacy network by light microscopy, and were demonstrated on the surfaces of FDCs and lymphocytes, and in the intercellular spaces by electron microscopy. Furthermore, immuno-staining for dendritic reticulum cells (DRC, DAKO DRC1) was observed in a lacy pattern by light microscopy and on the cell surface of FDCs by electron microscopy. In the GCs of non-RA lymph nodes, early C components, C3bR, C3dR, and DRC showed a similar reaction pattern, but IgMRF did not. Consequently, no marked difference in immunoreactions in the GCs, except for the immunoreactions of late C components, was found between synovial tissues and lymph nodes in RA. On the basis of these findings, we discuss the possibility of the presence of a RF-IC.     

淋巴结血管内T细胞淋巴瘤1例报道及文献复习

目的　探讨血管内淋巴瘤 (IVL)的临床病理特征。方法　对 1例腹股沟淋巴结IVL临床、病理组织学及免疫表型进行观察分析并复习文献。结果　男性 31岁 ,不明原因高热伴消瘦 5 0天 ,右腹股沟直径 1cm淋巴结 1枚 ,B超示肝脏轻度增大 ,血LDH明显升高伴ESR及转氨酶轻度升高 ,外周血WBC 3 3× 10 7/L ,骨髓像、多种病原及各肿瘤相关抗原检测均无异常。病理活检 :腹股沟淋巴结大部分破坏 ,代之以大量扩张的中小血管 ,腔内充满大量异型淋巴样细胞 ,局部伴管壁、管周浸润并累及结外脂肪组织。瘤细胞免疫表型CD4 5、CD4 5RO、CD3阳性 ,CK、CD6 8、CD79α、CD2 0均阴性 ,血管壁及内皮细胞CD31、CD34阳性。行CHOP化疗后症状缓解 ,现仍在随访中。结论　IVL是一罕见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤 ,好发于中枢神经系统及皮肤 ,其他部位少见 ,绝大数为B细胞型 ,T型罕见 ,以浅表淋巴结活检确诊者尚无报道。临床表现有一定提示性 ,确诊靠组织病理学检查 ,部分病例对化疗敏感 ,但多数病例预后差     

Inflammatory pseudotumor of lymph node and spleen: An entity biologically distinct from inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPTs) of the lymph node and spleen are an uncommon, benign cause of lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly that often bear striking clinicopathologic similarities to the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) found in soft tissues. These tumors have classically been grouped together under the umbrella category of "inflammatory pseudotumor." Recent evidence shows that IMTs are in fact neoplastic processes that often harbor balanced chromosomal translocations involving the ALK kinase gene. These translocations result in expression of ALK kinase in IMTs as assessed by immunohistochemical studies. However, the relationship between IMT and IPT of the lymph node and spleen is uncertain. To determine if ALK tyrosine kinase expression is also present in IPT, 13 cases of IPT (9 involving lymph nodes, 4 splenic lesions) were examined for the presence of ALK tyrosine kinase by immunohistochemical staining on paraffin-embedded tissue. In addition, in situ hybridization studies for Epstein-Barr virus--encoded RNAs (EBER) and immunoperoxidase studies for human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8)--specific proteins were performed. All cases had clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic findings typical of IPT and had varying proportions of fibroblastic and inflammatory components. Age ranged from 11 to 75 (median, 40) years; 8 subjects were male, and 5 were female. None of the cases (0 of 13) had positive staining for ALK kinase or HHV8, and in 1 a lymph node (1 of 13) was focally positive for EBV (EBER) by in situ hybridization. The absence of ALK kinase as detected by immunohistochemical studies in IPT of the lymph node and spleen suggests that this entity is biologically distinct from the histologically similar IMT.     

接种白血病细胞后小鼠胸腺哺育细胞和免疫器官组织学及组织化学的变化

按种P_(388)白血病患鼠腹水后第3d,小鼠胸腺哺育细胞内的淋巴细胞,酸性磷酸酶和β-葡萄糖苷酸酶阳性率显著增加,而α-醋酸萘酯酶阳性率则下降。胸腺内胸腺细胞上述3种酶细胞化学反应阳性率均显著增加,但胸腺组织结构未见异常。淋巴结和脾脏亦未见异常变化。接种后第9d,患鼠胸腺、淋巴结和脾脏均见白血病细胞浸润、出血和细胞变性等病变,正常结构被破坏,其中淋巴细胞3种酶细胞化学反应的阳性率均显著增加。此时很难从胸腺分离出胸腺哺育细胞。本文结果提示,胸腺和胸腺哺育细胞与这种白血病的发生有密切关系。     

交感神经化学切除后大鼠心窦房结区神经递质的变化

用６－羟多巴胺化学切除大鼠心内交感神经后，有免疫组织化学结合图像分析法和放免测定观察窦房结区神经肽Ｙ及降钙素基因相关肽的变化；同时应用组织化学方法结合图像分析、生物化学测量观察了ＳＡＮ区去甲肾上腺素及乙酰胆碱酯酶的变化，实验发现，静脉注射６－ＯＨＤＡ５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ一周后，ＳＡＮ区ＮＡ及ＮＰＹ含量明显减少，ＡＣＨＥ活性显著增加，ＣＧＲＰ含量增加不明显。     

Distribution of <Superscript>3</Superscript>H-Dopamine and <Superscript>3</Superscript>H-DAGO Binding Sites in the Central Part of Rat Sinoatrial Node

Distribution of ³H-dopamine and ³H-DAGO binding sites was studied by autoradiography on semithin sections of total preparations of rat sinoatrial node. The relative density of ³H-dopamine and ³H-DAGO binding sites in the functional nucleus of the sinoatrial node was minimum and increased in the cranial and caudal directions. The level of ³H-dopamine binding in the perinodal atrial myocardium was appreciably lower (22±6%), while binding of ³H-DAGO was similar (76±16%) to that in the periarterial zone of the sinoatrial node. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 8, pp. 210–214, August, 2005     

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is a rare idiopathic proliferative disorder of histiocytes with characteristic morphologic features. We describe a case of SHML occurring in a 14-yr-old black male, in whom the diagnosis was made by fine-needle aspiration of a cervical lymph node. Cytologic features included increased numbers of large histiocytes associated with a polymorphous, cellular background composed of benign lymphocytes, plasma cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Lymphophagocytosis was a prominent feature. Extranodal involvement of the larynx was documented by surgical biopsy; there was no other extranodal disease. One year after diagnosis, the patient is clinically well, with no residual lymphadenopathy.     

HLA antigens are candidate markers for prediction of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer

We investigated the association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antigens and lymph node metastasis in 724 gastric cancer patients. Among patients who had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with or without HLA-DR4 antigen, lymph node metastasis was detected in 80.8 and 54.9%, respectively (relative risk (RR)=3.5, P = 0.0005, corrected P = 0.0285). It was more common in patients with a family history of cancer death (RR = 7.7). Among signet ring cell carcinoma patients with or without HLA-1152 antigen, lymph node metastasis was detected in 57.7 and 19.7%, respectively (RR =5.6, P=0.0001, corrected P=0.0086). It was more common in patients who were smokers (RR = 8.3). Our findings suggest that HLA-DR4 and HLA-1152 antigens are associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.