The recovery of bladder epithelial hyperplasia caused by a melamine diet-induced bladder calculus in mice

Applying a model of bladder epithelial hyperplasia (BEH) caused by melamine-induced bladder calculus (BC), the recovery of BEH after melamine withdrawal was investigated. One experiment, comprising untreated, melamine and recovery groups, was conducted in Balb/c mice. Each group included 4 subgroups. Mice were fed normal-diet in untreated or a melamine-diet in other groups. The melamine-diet was then substituted with normal-diet in recovery group. Both of BC and BEH were observed after 14 and 56 days of melamine-diet. The BC is relatively uniform at the same melamine-diet durations. The BEH was diffuse with many mitotic figures, 4–7 rows of nuclei, and well-defined umbrella/intermediate cells. No marked differences in BEH degree were observed in the two different melamine-diet durations. On 4–42 days after melamine withdrawal, BC was not found, as the progressive regression with complete regression of BEH was observed, along with well-defined ageing/apoptotic cells in the superficial regions of BEH regression tissue. Conclusion, the melamine-induced BEH is relatively uniform, may be self-limiting in rows of nuclei, and can return to normal. Melamine withdrawal duration is critical for the BEH regression. Tissue of the BEH and its regression is ideal for exploring the renewal as well as growth biology of mammalian urothelium.     

孕妇妊娠期体重增幅与围产结局的临床分析

目的探讨孕妇妊娠期体重增幅与围产结局的关系。方法将孕前体重指数正常并诊断为糖尿病(GDM)的孕妇120例,根据孕期增加体重幅度分为3个组,A组11.0¹7.9 kg、B组18.017.9 kg、B组18.0²4.9 kg、C组>25.0 kg,分析比较各组间围产结局的差异。结果 C组发生羊水过多、胎儿窘迫和早产的发生率分别是B组的2.23倍、3.64倍和3.71倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组发生巨大儿的发生率是A组的4.21倍、B组的2.20倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组发生低血糖的发生率是B组的2.21倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的体重管理,使体重增幅控制在最低范围,可明显减少不良妊娠结局的发生。     

侵袭性白念珠菌感染的危险因素及耐药性变迁

目的 分析四川大学华西医院住院患者侵袭性白念珠菌感染的分布情况、可能的危险因素以及真菌耐药性变化,为临床预防和合理用药提供依据.方法 对四川大学华西医院2010年1月到2012年12月100例侵袭性白念珠菌感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析并总结其标本来源、科室分布、年龄分布、感染的危险因素、抗菌药物使用情况以及真菌耐药率的变迁.结果 在侵袭性白念珠菌感染中,血流感染最为多见,占55％,感染患者多为ICU重症患者,占35％.年龄分布中位数为53.5岁.可能相关危险因素中外科手术和气管插管/切开、机械通气分别占74.6％和46.5％,有94例(82.5％)使用过抗菌药物.3年来我院白念珠菌对氟康唑、伏立康唑、两性霉素B耐药率为0％,对5-氟胞嘧啶和伊曲康唑的耐药率分别保持在4.1％和27.7％以下.结论 白念珠菌是ICU重症患者的血流侵袭性真菌感染中重要的病原菌,外科手术和气管插管/切开及呼吸机的使用是最显著侵袭性白念感染的两大危险因素.虽然目前临床常用抗真菌药物能覆盖侵袭性白念珠菌的治疗,但仍应加强对重点科室以及有相关危险因素患者的监测,重视培养鉴定与药敏结果对临床用药的指导,以减少耐药菌的出现与流行.     

荨麻鞣质的体内抗氧化活性研究

为了说明荨麻鞣质的体内抗氧化活性,给小鼠灌胃荨麻鞣质50mg/kg·d,100mg/kg·d及200mg/kg·d共7d,7天后测定小鼠体内超氧化歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和丙二醛（MDA）含量,说明荨麻鞣质能够明显提高小鼠抗氧化系统功能,初步确定荨麻鞣质的抗氧化性。     

某社区507名65岁以上老人体检资料分析

目的：分析社区65岁以上老年人健康状况。方法：统计分析体重指数、血压、血糖、血脂、丙氨酸转氨酶、尿酸、尿素、肌酐指标在不同年龄和性别患者间的差异。结果：体重指数异常率为40%,甘油三酯总异常率为48%,总胆固醇总异常率为24%,血糖总异常率为25%,不同年龄段异常率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,男女比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。血压控制良好。结论：需重视老年人健康教育,定期进行体检。     

Evaluation of the Cyclic Fatigue of Two Single Files at Body and Room Temperature with Different Radii of Curvature

Background: To compare the influence of different temperatures and curvature radii on the cyclic fatigue resistance of F6 SkyTaper (F6ST) and One Curve (OC) single file nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Methods: A total of 120 instruments of F6ST and OC #25.06 were evaluated in 5 mm and 3 mm curvature radii at two temperatures (20 °C ± 1 °C and 37 °C ± 1 °C) in 16 mm stainless steel artificial canals associated with a curvature of 60°. The cyclic fatigue of tested files was assessed by employing a customized testing apparatus and expressed as times to fracture (TtF). A statistical analysis was performed with the significance level set at 95%. Results: All instruments decreased their TtF at 37 °C except for OC in the 3 mm radius, in which no significant difference was detected between 20 °C and 37 °C. A 3 mm curvature radius negatively affected TtF of all tested instruments, except for F6ST at 20 °C. F6ST had higher TtF than OC in the 3 mm radius at 20 °C, with no significant difference between them in the other tested conditions. Conclusions: Under the limits of the present in vitro study, body temperature impaired cyclic fatigue resistance of all files, except for OC in the 3 mm curvature radius. All instruments exhibited lower times to fracture in the 3 mm radius, excluding F6ST at 20 °C.     

Accuracy of Proximal and Occlusal Contacts of Single Implant Crowns Fabricated Using Different Digital Scan Methods: An In Vitro Study

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of the proximal and occlusal contacts of single implant crowns fabricated with four data capture methods. The resin models were mounted on an articulator, digitized using a laboratory scanner, and saved as a standard tessellation language (STL) file to serve as the master reference model (MRM). Two different intraoral scan body (ISB) systems were evaluated: polyetheretherketone (PEEK) short scan body (SSB) and PEEK long scan body (LSB) (n = 12). The digital impressions (SSB and LSB) were acquired using an intraoral scanner with ISB. Two different conventional techniques were also evaluated: PEEK short scan body with coping plastic cap (CPC) and pick-up coping (PUC) (n = 12). The implant impressions (CPC and PUC) were recorded using a conventional impression technique. The crown and abutment were fabricated with a milling machine and then placed on the resin model and scanned using a laboratory scanner. The scanned files were saved as STL files to serve as test datasets. The MRM and test datasets were superimposed, and the mesial, distal, and occlusal distances were calculated using a 3D inspection software and statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis H test (α = 0.05). The direct data capture group had more accurate contact points on the three surfaces, with mesial contact of 64.7 (12.8) µm followed by distal contact of 65.4 (15) µm and occlusal contact of 147 (35.8) µm in the SSB group, and mesial contact of 84.9 (22.6) µm followed by distal contact of 69.5 (19.2) µm and occlusal contact of 115.9 (27.7) µm in the LSB group (p < 0.001). The direct data capture groups are closer to the ideal proximal and occlusal contacts for single implant crowns than the indirect data capture groups. There was no difference in the accuracy between the two types of scan body (SSB and LSB).     

Randomised controlled trial: effect of metformin add-on therapy on functional cure in entecavir-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B

Introduction and ObjectivesHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance, indicating functional cure or resolved chronic hepatitis B (CHB), remains difficult to achieve via nucleos(t)ide analogue monotherapy. We investigated whether metformin add-on therapy could help achieve this goal in entecavir-treated patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB.Patients and MethodsPatients with HBeAg-negative CHB who met eligibility criteria (entecavir treatment for > 12 months, HBsAg < 1000 IU/mL) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 24 weeks of either metformin (1000 mg, oral, once a day) or placebo (oral, once a day) add-on therapy. The group allocation was blinded for both patients and investigators. Efficacy and safety analyses were based on the intention-to-treat set. The primary outcome, serum HBsAg level (IU/mL) at weeks 24 and 36, was analysed using mixed models.ResultsSixty eligible patients were randomly assigned to the metformin (n = 29) and placebo (n = 31) groups. There was no substantial between-group difference in the HBsAg level at week 24 (adjusted mean difference 0.05, 95% confidence interval -0.04 to 0.13, p = 0.278) or week 36 (0.06, -0.03 to 0.15, p = 0.187), and no significant effect of group-by-time interaction on the HBsAg level throughout the trial (p = 0.814). The occurrence of total adverse events between the two groups was comparable (9 [31.0%] of 29 vs. 5 [16.1%] of 31, p = 0.227) and no patient experienced serious adverse events during the study.ConclusionAlthough it was safe, metformin add-on therapy did not accelerate HBsAg clearance in entecavir-treated patients with HBeAg-negative CHB.