Laparoscopic segmental duodenectomy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor located in the second portion of the duodenum: A case report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum are rare. For benign tumors, premalignant lesions, or malignant potential tumors located in the second portion of the duodenum close to the papilla of Vater, pancreaticoduodenectomy is sometimes performed. A case of laparoscopic segmental duodenectomy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor at the second portion of the duodenum is reported. The surgical procedure was performed as follows: first, the second portion of the duodenum was separated from the pancreatic head; second, the duodenum was cut off with the linear stapler after having confirmed preservation of the papilla by intraoperative endoscopy; and third, reconstruction was carried out by a side‐to‐side duodenojejunostomy. Laparoscopic segmental duodenectomy for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors is thought to be advantageous compared with pancreaticoduodenectomy in terms of low burden and organ function preservation. The present procedure is feasible for benign or low‐malignant tumors that do not infiltrate outside of the duodenal walls.     

快速康复外科理念在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者围术期护理中的应用

目的探索快速康复外科护理在直肠癌患者围术期的应用。方法选择68例直肠癌患者,随机分成2组各34例,对照组采用传统护理方式,观察组采用FTS护理方式,即术前充分评估病情、加强心理护理、不常规肠道准备、不留置胃管,术后进食早、活动早、适宜使用止痛剂等。结果观察组患者对护理实施满意度显著提高,术后胃肠功能恢复、术后各种并发症、术后住院日、住院费用均显著低于传统护理组(P0.05)。结论 FTS护理方式促进了直肠癌根治术患者的快速康复,降低了术后并发症的发生率,提高了临床疗效,增加了患者满意度。     

认知行为治疗对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术前焦虑及术后恢复的影响

目的观察认知行为治疗对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术前焦虑及术后恢复的影响。方法按计算机随机化程序将100例择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者分为观察组53例与对照组47例。对照组术前按常规进行入院指导、饮食指导等,观察组在对照组基础上于术前3d进行认知行为治疗。两组在术前及术后均进行焦虑自评量表评估,并记录术后情况。结果入院时两组患者的焦虑自评量表评分差异无统计学意义,手术前观察组的焦虑自评量表评分低于对照组(P=0.00),观察组患者术后意识恢复时间短于对照组(P=0.00);两组患者术后除首次肛门排气时间和住院时间两个项目之外,其他项目观察组患者均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论认知行为治疗能减轻腹腔镜手术患者的术前焦虑,促进术后康复。     

快速康复外科理念在经腹腔镜下行前列腺癌根治术患者围术期护理中的应用效果

目的探讨快速康复外科(fast-track surgery,FTS)理念在经腹腔镜下行前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)根治术患者围术期护理中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2015年1-12月在瑞金医院卢湾分院因PCa而行腹腔镜下PCa根治术的患者120例的临床资料。按是否实施FTS护理将其分为FTS组和对照组,每组60例。FTS组患者在围术期实施FTS护理,而对照组患者实施传统护理,比较两组患者术后首次排气时间、住院时间、住院费用、拔除引流管时间和术后并发症的发生率等。结果 FTS组患者首次排气时间较对照组提前,术后住院天数明显缩短,住院费用显著降低,拔除引流管时间提前,总并发症发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下行PCa根治术患者围术期实施FTS护理方案安全、有效,具有缩短住院时间、减少住院费用和降低术后并发症的优势,有利于患者手术后创伤应激的恢复。     

Sequential transurethral enucleation of the prostate and laparoscopic bladder diverticulectomy

Transurethral endoscopic technique and standard laparoscopic technique are surgical options for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) associated with urinary bladder diverticuli (UBD). In this article, we report laparoscopic diverticulectomy (LD) and transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (TUEP) in the same patient sequentially. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of LD combined with TUEP. An 82-year-old patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia and two secondary large bladder diverticuli underwent sequential TUEP and LD. After completion of the TUEP procedure, the detached adenoma was pushed into the bladder as a whole. Then laparoscopic transperitoneal extravesical diverticulectomy assisted by cystoscopic transillumination was performed immediately, and the enucleated prostate was removed via the neck of the diverticulum. The enucleation time and diverticulectomy time was 18?minutes and 108?minutes, respectively. The catheter was removed on the tenth postoperative day. Transurethral endoscopic surgery combined with LD is a good choice in treating BPH and UBD in one session. But the combined procedure is time-consuming, especially for fragmentation of the prostate. TUEP can greatly reduce the operative time of the combined procedure.     

弓状韧带与肾动脉关系的后腹腔镜肾切除解剖学研究

目的探讨弓状韧带的解剖及其在后腹腔镜解剖性肾切除手术中作为肾动脉定位标志的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2008年1月-2014年7月行后腹腔镜解剖性肾切除术297例的病例资料。其中,男176例,女121例,年龄26~82岁,平均54.6岁。左侧174例,右侧123例。肾癌186例,肾盂癌74例,输尿管癌37例。术中采用"用多少,开多少,宁少勿多"的原则按需打开部分肾后间隙,显露腰大肌、腰方肌及膈肌等后腹腔解剖标志。识别内外侧弓状韧带,以内侧弓状韧带为导向,寻找并显露肾动脉。Hem-o-lok处理切断后,于其内下深面稍做游离,即可显露肾静脉,同法处理,总结后腹腔镜下内侧弓状韧带与肾动脉的解剖定位关系。结果后腹腔镜下可清晰识别三个肌性标志,即腰大肌、腰方肌及膈肌;及二个韧带标志,即外侧弓状韧带及内侧弓状韧带。内外弓状韧带在腔镜下呈现"海鸥"样外观,内侧弓状韧带水平向中线方向走行,正对肾动脉。以内侧弓状韧带为定位标志,297例手术快速寻找肾血管,明显缩短手术时间,同时也减少了因损伤肾血管出血而中转开放的几率。结论遵循"用多少,开多少,宁少勿多"的原则游离肾后间隙能依托肾周自身的悬吊固定结构显露肾血管,减少操作通道的数量;内侧弓状韧带是后腹腔镜上尿路手术中肾动脉的重要定位标志,以之为导引寻找肾动脉,能缩短手术时间。     

右上腹瘢痕粘连下左上腹两新入路腹腔镜胆囊切除术的改进策略

目的右中上腹腹膜炎、大切口手术及放疗后,腹腔镜下见右上腹广泛瘢痕粘连,在解离粘连、建立胆囊切除空间失败后,改从左上腹入路胆囊切除术,依具体情况,探讨建立器械通道和操作空间的可能性和实用性。方法自2001年5月-2015年5月有13例患者(有右上腹腹膜炎、大切口手术、放疗史)例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),术中发现右上腹广泛粘连,常规LC失败后,改从左上腹肝下脏面入路和肝镰状韧带入路建立手术器械通道,并沿肝脏脏面从上向下、从内向外解剖而建立胆囊切除空间,施行LC术。结果手术时间为70~155 min,平均117 min。13例有右上腹瘢痕粘连的病例,近创伤处粘连重远创则轻,经左上腹两条入路巧妙避开难以分离的瘢痕粘连面,均成功进行探查及切除术,建立器械通道及切除空间顺利,除手术时间较长外,无胃肠、胆管损伤。结论与距离呈负相关是后天性右上腹瘢痕粘连的特点,改从左上腹肝下脏面入路和肝镰状韧带入路,可避开瘢痕粘连轻松建立胆囊LC手术通道;再沿肝下及于胆囊周围由上向下和内侧向外建立胆囊切除空间,两条路径LC为切实可行的手术路径。     

多模式镇痛对老年人腹腔镜快通道术后应激反应的影响*

目的探讨多模式镇痛对老年人腹腔镜快通道手术后应激反应的影响,比较不同镇痛模式的术后镇痛效果。方法选择2014年3月-2015年8月60岁以上的择期手术患者80例,随机分为A、B两组(n=40):A、B组患者均于术前给予凯纷(氟比洛芬酯注射液)2.00 mg/kg行超前镇痛;A组患者术后行硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA),B组患者术后行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。A组与B组术后镇痛均于术毕拔除气管导管后5 min开始使用。比较两组手术前后平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血糖值和皮质醇浓度等指标,以及术后视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)与不良反应的发生情况。结果在术后6及24 h,A组VAS疼痛评分明显低于B组(P0.05);与B组比较,A组的血糖、皮质醇、MAP以及HR水平在术后6 h明显较低(P0.05),且在术后24 h,A组的血皮质醇水平仍明显低于B组(P0.05);此外,A组老年病患在术后呕吐、头晕和嗜睡等不良反应发生情况明显低于B组(P0.05)。结论凯纷超前镇痛复合硬膜外术后镇痛模式比复合静脉术后镇痛模式更适用于老年腹腔镜快通道患者术后镇痛,值得临床推广和应用。