全膝关节置换术对膝关节重度屈曲畸形的疗效系统评价

目的探讨全膝关节置换术对重度屈曲畸形的临床治疗效果。方法跟踪随访于2010年12月至2013年12月在本组进行TKA手术的38例重度屈曲畸形患者,以主动关节活动度、徒手肌力检查、Muller膝关节稳定性评分和美国特种外科医院评价系统为临床指标,比较手术前及随访终末时的变化来衡量手术的疗效。结果术后主动关节活动度、徒手肌力检测、稳定性指标上明显大于术前,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。38例均得到随访,随访时间4个月~2.5年,平均1年。术前HSS评分-5~34分,平均22.6分;术后61~89分,平均77.4分,差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后优良率达到63.16%。结论 TKA手术对膝关节重度屈曲畸形获得满意效果,是临床治疗的有效方法。     

环氧化酶-2抑制剂在膝关节置换围手术期镇痛及功能康复的作用

目的观察膝关节表面置换围手术期应用环氧化酶-2（COX-2）抑制剂序贯镇痛治疗及术后膝关节功能恢复的效果。方法将拟手术的60例膝关节表面置换手术患者随机分成观察和对照组：观察组术前24h、12h给予口服塞来昔布（200mg）,术毕使用镇痛泵2d,术后3h开始使用帕瑞昔布钠（40mg,2次／d）静注,连续使用3d后改为口服塞来昔布（200mg、2次／d）;对照组术前24h、12h给予口服曲马多片（10mg）,术毕使用镇痛泵2d,术后3h开始使用曲马多注射液（100mg,2次／d）静注,连续使用三天后改为口服曲马多片（10mg、2次／d）。分别记录静息、活动时（6、12、24、36、48、72h）视觉模拟评分（VAS）,记录术前、术后7d及末次随访膝关节功能HSS评分。记录不良反应及术后需要止痛药援助情况。结果手术前两组疼痛程度的VAS评分无统计学差别（P〉0．05）;观察组术后静息、活动时（6、12、24、36、48、72h）的视觉模拟评分有差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;手术前两组膝关节功能HSS评分无统计学差别（P〉0．05）,手术后7d及末次随访时膝关节功能HSS评分观察组高于对照组（P〈0．05）;术后需要止痛药援助情况观察组低于对照组（P〈0．05）;消化道不良反应的发生率观察组低于对照组（P〈0．05）;夜间睡眠满意度调查观察组高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论COX-2抑制剂序贯治疗在膝关节表面置换围手术镇痛中效果确切、膝关节功能恢复满意,副作用小、改善手术后膝关节活动范围、加快患肢功能锻炼及改善睡眠状况,适合人工膝关节表面置换的围手术期镇痛。     

全膝关节置换术后膝周持续冰袋加压冷敷的镇痛效果分析

目的：研究人工全膝关节置换术（ TKA）术后膝周持续冰袋加压冷敷的镇痛效果。方法2011年5月至2012年5月,将本组86例欲行单侧TKA的骨关节炎患者随机分成两组：试验组于TKA术后将毛巾包裹的10％盐水冰袋置于膝前、内、外侧冷敷,持续24 h;对照组给予同等规格的常温软包装盐水袋置于膝前、内、外侧外敷,持续48 h;两组均于术后第2天拔除引流管。术后24 h内两组患者均经静脉镇痛泵滴注吗啡行自控镇痛（PCA）,疼痛难以忍受时予以肌注吗啡5～10 mg。通过比较两组患者术后膝关节静息和活动痛视觉模拟（ VAS）评分、隐性失血量、吗啡使用情况、主动直腿抬高时间、屈膝90°时间、膝关节活动度（ ROM）以及并发症来分析膝周持续冰袋冷敷的镇痛效果。结果 TKA术后膝周持续冰袋冷敷的患者,其术后36 h内各时间段以及总的吗啡消耗量明显减少（P＜0.01）,第一次肌注吗啡的时间亦明显推迟。术后第6、12、24、36 h,试验组静息痛VAS评分显著小于对照组（ P＜0.01）,术后24、36 h活动痛VAS评分亦显著小于对照组（ P＜0.01）。术后24 h引流量间接显示,试验组隐性失血量较对照组少（P＜0.01）,患者主动直腿抬高时间、屈膝90°时间以及术后两周膝关节活动度比较,试验组均优于对照组（ P＜0.01）。两组在术后伤口愈合、感染发生率、血压、心率、皮疹、呼吸抑制和尿潴留的监测等方面进行比较,差异均无统计学意义,但试验组恶心呕吐发生率小于对照组。结论人工全膝关节置换术后膝周持续10％盐水冰袋冷敷,有助于减少术后麻醉镇痛剂消耗量,减轻术后早期疼痛,且可以有效减少隐性出血量,可促进膝关节功能恢复,且没有明显的不良反应。     

Post-operative delay in return of function following guided growth tension plating and use of corrective physical therapy

Purpose

Guided growth has long been used to treat growth deformities, but the Eight-Plate^® system has recently become more widely used by pediatric orthopaedists. Because the current literature lacks evaluation of functional status in the immediate post-operative period, we investigated functional status following use of the Eight-Plate^® system.

Methods

We evaluated post-operative delay in return of function following treatment with the Eight-Plate^® system at two weeks after surgery. Fifty-one consecutive patients with a growth deformity were treated with the Eight-Plate^® system. Patients were comprised of 32 male and 19 female patients with an average age of 11 years (range 2–17.9 years).

Results

Among study participants, 19 patients (37.3 %) had post-operative delay of function. The rate of delayed function for patients 10 years of age or younger and 11 years of age or older was respectively 11.8 and 50 % (P = 0.002). Six of the 19 patients were treated with four or more plates, of which five patients (83.3 %) developed delayed return of function. The rate of delayed function in patients with at least one femoral plate compared to no femoral plate was respectively 45 and 9.1 % (P = 0.006). Bilateral operations were associated with a 66.7 % rate of delayed function compared to 25 % with unilateral operations (P = 0.004). When patients with delay of function were treated with physical therapy, 12 of 13 patients (92.3 %) had complete resolution of their symptoms.

Conclusion

Statistical significance demonstrated that patients at the greatest risk were 11 years of age or older, with four or more plates, with femoral plates, or with bilateral operations. Patients with delayed function were readily corrected by physical therapy.     

Changes in Bone Mineral Density of Both Proximal Femurs after Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background

This study investigated the effects of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur in patients who underwent the procedure.

Methods

Forty-eight patients scheduled to undergo unilateral TKA because of primary knee osteoarthritis were included in this study, which was conducted at a medical center between October 2006 and October 2009. In these 48 patients, 96 hips were evaluated. Measurement of BMD was performed preoperatively and one month, three months, six months, and one year after unilateral TKA. Repeated measured analysis of variance and paired t-tests for comparison of two repeated samples were used to compare differences between time points (preoperation, one, three, six, and 12 months) and between the operative and nonoperative sides.

Results

Preoperatively, BMD of the femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip on the operative side were lower than on the nonoperative side; however, there was no statistical difference. BMD of both femoral neck areas was significantly lower than preoperative BMD at one month and three months after TKA. BMD of both trochanter areas was significantly lower than preoperative BMD at one month and three months after TKA. BMD of both total hips was significantly lower than preoperative BMD at three months after TKA. However, no statistical differences of changes in BMD were observed between the operative and nonoperative sides at each measurement time.

Conclusions

According to our results, TKA was found to affect both proximal femurs during the acute period. However, TKA did not affect a change in BMD of the proximal femur during one year postoperative.     

不同时期膝关节镜检+单髁关节置换对前内侧间室膝关节骨性关节炎患者膝关节功能的影响

目的 研究不同时期膝关节镜检+单髁关节置换对前内侧间室膝关节骨性关节炎患者膝关节功能的影响。方法 回顾性分析2015年10月－2019年10月该院收治的100例前内侧间室膝关节骨性关节炎患者的临床资料,所有患者均行膝关节镜检+单髁关节置换。其中,56例行同期手术治疗的患者作为观察组（Outerbridge分级为Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级）,44例行分期手术治疗的患者作为对照组（Outerbridge分级为Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级）。比较两组患者的临床疗效、手术相关指标、治疗前及治疗后3、6和12个月的膝关节活动度、治疗前后膝关节功能评分［疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、牛津大学膝关节评分（OKS）和美国西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨性关节炎指数（WOMAC）评分］,以及术后并发症发生情况。结果 观察组总有效率为94.64%,与对照组的88.64%比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。观察组手术时间和住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。两组患者治疗后3、6和12个月膝关节活动度较治疗前增大,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,但不同时期组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。两组患者治疗后VAS、OKS和WOMAC评分较治疗前降低（P < 0.05）;观察组治疗后WOMAC和OKS评分较对照组低（P < 0.05）;两组患者VAS比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。患者均未发生严重并发症,两组患者并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 同期与分期行膝关节镜检+单髁关节置换治疗前内侧间室膝关节骨性关节炎,临床疗效相当,但同期膝关节镜检 + 单踝关节置换可促进膝关节功能恢复,值得临床推广。     

关节镜下双后内侧入路双骨道单纯“8”字缝线治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效分析

目的 研究关节镜下双后内侧入路双骨道单纯“8”字缝线治疗后交叉韧带（PCL）胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床效果。方法 选取该院2016年2月－2020年4月PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折的患者12例,给予关节镜下双后内侧入路双骨道单纯“8”字缝线治疗,对术前和术后末次随访时,膝关节活动范围、国际膝关节文献委员会（IKDC）评分、视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Lysholm膝关节功能评分、反Lachman试验和后抽屉试验进行评价。结果 12例患者术中均无副损伤,随访时间为12～24个月,平均（18.92±4.17）个月,术后末次随访时,反Lachman试验阴性,后抽屉试验阴性,膝关节活动度为（128.75±2.26）°,IKDC评分为（82.92±3.34）分,VAS为（1.17±0.39）分,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为（85.00±3.02）分,较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 关节镜下双后内侧入路双骨道单纯“8”字缝线治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折,临床疗效确切,值得推广。     

多光谱小动物活体成像技术在骨性关节炎模型评价中的应用

目的：利用多光谱小动物活体成像技术动态观察和评价大鼠骨性关节炎模型的应用价值。方法：取3月龄SD雄性大鼠15只（180±20）g,利用碘乙酸关节腔注射法建立骨性关节炎模型：左膝关节腔注射碘乙酸50μl建立OA模型组,右膝关节腔注射等量无菌生理盐水做为正常对照。分别于建模2、4周时进行X-ray活体成像观察,测算骨密度。4周后处死大鼠,取双侧关节进行组织病理学观察,X线和组织病理学参考Kellgren-Lawrence和Collins进行分级。结果：OA模型造模成功,活体成像观察发现与对照组相比,模型组出现关节面不平整、骨赘形成、关节变形、软骨缺损等典型骨性关节炎表型,并伴有股骨远端骨密度下降明显（P〈0.01）,胫骨近端骨密度下降不明显（P〉0.05）,病理学结果一致;2周后模型组膝关节接近Collins 1级、Kellgren-Lawrence 2级,4周后模型组膝关节接近Collins 4级、Kellgren-Lawrence 3级;对照组关节面平整,关节间隙正常,软骨未见明显缺损,Collins及KellgrenLawrence 0级,股骨远段及胫骨近端骨密度正常。结论：多光谱小动物成像技术可用于骨性关节炎模型的影像学活体动态观察及骨密度检测,对骨性关节炎模型评价和相关研究具有重要意义。