消炎痛对阻塞性黄疸患者外周血淋巴细胞白细胞介素-10、白细胞介素-2水平的影响

目的研究阻塞性黄疸患者外周血淋巴细胞白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平和血浆中前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平的变化,同时观察消炎痛对上述指标的影响。方法给阻塞性黄疸患者口服消炎痛(25mg,1次/8小时),用药前和用药后7d取外周血,分别用放射免疫和ELISA法测血浆中PGE2水平及外周血淋巴细胞IL-10、IL-2水平。结果用药前阻塞性黄疸患者血浆中PGE2水平及外周血淋巴细胞IL-10水平较正常人明显升高,而IL-2水平明显下降,且IL-10、IL-2的水平与PGE2水平显著相关;用药后,患者血淋巴细胞IL-2水平明显升高,而IL-10水平及血浆中PGE2水平明显下降,与用药前相比差异有统计学意义。结论阻塞性黄疸患者淋巴细胞IL-10、IL-2水平的变化与其血浆中PGE2水平升高有关,消炎痛能够明显缓解这种作用。     

不同微创方法治疗晚期恶性梗阻性黄疸的比较研究

目的探讨ERBD和PTCD两种微创方法对晚期恶性梗阻性黄疸的治疗价值。方法恶性梗阻性黄疸45例,随机分为PTCD组18例（A组）和ERBD组27例（B组）,比较两组肝功能改善情况、黄疸再次升高时间及生存时间。结果 45例患者均顺利完成治疗,无围手术期死亡,A、B两组术后1周时血清总胆红素浓度、谷丙氨酸转氨酶浓度、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶浓度均较术前明显降低（P〈0.05）;组间比较术后1周A组的血清总胆红素浓度和B组γ-谷氨酰转肽酶下降更明显（P〈0.05）。A组术后黄疸再次升高时间及死亡病人生存时间明显短于B组（P〈0.05）;但A组的胆道感染次数少于B组（P〈0.05）;两组死亡率无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论 ERBD和PTCD均为微创治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的有效方法,ERCP和PTCD疗效各有侧重,并可联合运用。     

梗阻性黄疸术后并发应激性黏膜病变4例报告

例1.病人男性,42岁。因皮肤巩膜黄染、皮肤骚痒10d于2009-01-12入院,入院诊断:十二指肠乳头癌。总胆红素366.1μmol/L,直接胆红素201.4μmol/L,间接胆红素164.7μmol/L,凝血酶原时间(PT)值延长4s。予保肝对症治疗,行鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)减黄9d,复查总胆红素     

64排螺旋CT胆道成像对梗阻性黄疸诊断的临床价值

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT增强扫描胆道成像对梗阻性黄疸的临床诊断价值.方法 选择2008年5月至2010年5月期间住院的295例梗阻性黄疸患者,应用64排螺旋CT进行中上腹部的常规及增强扫描,同时行三维胆系重建成像,对胆道梗阻的原因进行定位和定性诊断,并与手术所见及术后病理结果进行对比.结果 181例胆总管结石患者,除3例阴性结石未显示外,其余178例术前64排螺旋CT增强扫描胆道图像重建均清晰显示结石所在,定位定性诊断准确率达98.34%.14例肝胆管结石症及3例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者均得到正确定位及定性诊断,诊断准确率达100%.87例胆管肿瘤或壶腹部肿瘤,86例64排螺旋CT增强扫描术前准确定位,定位诊断准确率达98.85%,81例患者得到正确定位及定性诊断,定性诊断准确率达91.95%.结论 64排螺旋CT增强扫描胆道成像对梗阻性黄疸诊断成像清晰,定位定性诊断准确,值得临床进一步研究应用.     

梗阻性黄疸患者抗内毒素治疗的临床研究

收集36例梗阻性黄疸病人,随机分3组。分别按常规手术治疗、术前加服胆酸钠及术前静脉注射拮抗内毒素抗体处理,并与20例正常人群作对照。于用药前、术前、术后观察血浆内毒素、血尿素及肌酐含量变化。结果:术前应用拮抗内毒素抗体或口服胆盐治疗可明显降低血中内毒素水平、改善肾功能,治疗前后有非常显著变化(P<0.01)。组间比较加用药物治疗组与常规手术组之间有显著差异(P<0.01)。提示术前应用抗内毒素药物可有效降低术后血中内毒素含量,减少术后肾功能衰竭和死亡率的发生。     

Follicular lymphoma of the extrahepatic bile duct mimicking cholangiocarcinoma

We report a case of a 33-year old man who presented with symptoms and signs of an acute biliary tract obstruction with jaundice and abdominal pain. Diagnostic imaging studies revealed a biliary stricture of the hepatic confluence, and a mass at the hepatic hilum which obstructed the extrahepatic bile duct from the outside. At laparotomy, there was 3-cm-size nodule at the hilum which presented with a rubbery consistency. We performed extrahepatic bile duct resection and right and left hepaticojejunostomy. Histological examination of the resected specimen revealed follicular lymphoma, which consisted of medium cleaved follicle-like cells, grade 1 of 3 according to the revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms proposed by International Lymphoma Study Group. Postoperative follow-up of more than 1 year has been completely uneventful, without any symptoms or signs of disease recurrence. This is the second case report of follicular lymphoma of the extrahepatic bile duct.     

Five-year survivors after aggressive surgery for stage IV gallbladder cancer

Abstract. Purpose: To describe 5-year survivors after radical surgery for stage IV gallbladder cancer and to determine the characteristics leading to potential long-term survival. Methods: Of 59 patients undergoing radical resection for stage IV disease between 1979 and 1994, 6 patients who have survived for more than 5 years were followed up. Results: Three patients had developed obstuctive jaundice due to involvement of the hepatic hilum, but the other three had not. The jaundiced patients had remarkable tumor spread over the bile duct and right hepatic artery within the hepatoduodenal ligament. However, the proper and left hepatic arteries and the portal trunk and its left branch were free from tumor involvement. The nonjaundiced patients had N1 or N2 lymph node metastasis. However, none underwent bile duct resection or pancreatoduodenectomy to establish radical lymphadenectomy. Conclusions: Selected patients with stage IV gallbladder cancer may be candidates for 5-year survival when the primary tumor is fairly localized even if it forms a large mass and involves neighboring organs including the hepatic duct, lymph node metastasis is limited to N1 and N2 except for the celiac and superior mesenteric nodes and is less infiltrative, and distant metastasis including that in the paraaortic area is absent. Received: January 9, 2001 / Accepted: June 18, 2001     

梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾细胞凋亡及bcl-2表达的作用

目的探讨梗阻性黄疸引起肾损伤过程中细胞凋亡的意义。方法32只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为2组，假手术组（SO组）只暴露腹腔但不结扎胆管，胆总管结扎组（BDL组）以双重结扎胆管中间离断方法制成梗阻性黄疸大鼠模型。于术后行光镜下肾脏病理学检查，琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测肾细胞DNA的断裂形式，测定血清中D-Bil、TBA、GOT、GPT、Cr和BUN的含量，检测尿β2-微球蛋白，流式细胞术检测肾脏细胞凋亡率，免疫组化法检测肾组织凋亡抑制基因bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果BDL组大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡率明显高于SO组（P〈0．05），出现细胞凋亡特征性DNA梯状带；其肾脏细胞bcl-2蛋白的表达阳性细胞率明显高于SO组（P〈0．01），并于术后7d达高峰，14d时bcl-2表达阳性细胞率开始下降。结论梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾功能损害过程中存在肾脏细胞凋亡，梗阻性黄疸可反馈性启动肾小管上皮细胞凋亡抑制基因bcl-2的表达。     

梗阻性黄疸手术应用单纯全麻与全麻复合硬膜外阻滞疗效比较

目的比较单纯全麻和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在梗阻性黄疸手术中对患者血液动力学变化及术后苏醒的影响。方法选择40例梗阻性黄疸患者,随机分成单纯全麻组(全麻组)、全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(复合组),每组20例。两组全麻方法相同,复合组在全麻基础上是复合低浓度小剂量硬膜外阻滞。记录入室后、插管时、术中、拔管时的HR、MAP,两组病人麻醉维持用药量及清醒拔管时间,术后躁动情况。结果复合组在插管拔管过程中HR、MAP均较全麻组低且平稳(P<0.05),全麻组拔管反应剧烈,在插管、拔管时各项指标与诱导前比较均显著升高(P<0.05)。全麻组全麻用药芬太尼、异氟醚、维库溴铵等用药量均显著多于复合组(P<0.05)。复合组较全麻组清醒快,拔管时间明显早于全麻组(P<0.05)。复合组发生躁动1例,显著低于全麻组的11例,P<0.05)。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞更加适合于梗阻性黄疸病人的麻醉。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸手术时机探讨

目的探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸的手术时机。方法回顾性分析1997年2月至2007年5月成都军区总医院全军普通外科中心收治的167例恶性梗阻性黄疸病人术前行B超引导下经皮经肝胆道引流情况,对术前减黄速度、肿瘤切除率、并发症发生率等指标进行分析。结果在167例病人中,顺利减黄者103例,缓慢减黄者58例,减黄失败者6例;顺利减黄者在肿瘤切除率、并发症发生率以及住院时间上均优于减黄缓慢者;在顺利减黄的病人中,减黄2周及3周后手术病人在肿瘤切除率及并发症发生率上差异无显著性意义;在缓慢减黄病人中,减黄4周以上手术者根治性手术出血量显著小于减黄3周病人,但二者肿瘤切除率及并发症发生率差异无显著性意义。减黄失败者只能被迫行内引流术,但术后1个月的平均总胆红素仍为252.8μmol/L,其中2例死亡。结论减黄速度的快慢可作为选择手术时机的标准,只要连续2周血清总胆红素递减率均≥30%,即可进行手术;反之,则应适当延长减黄时间。