APPRAISAL OF SURGICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

One hundred and ten patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones were treated in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India between January 1989 and December 1992. The primary modality of treatment was surgery in 62 patients (group I) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in 48 (group II). The two groups were well matched with respect to clinical features and presence of medical risk factors. Surgical clearance of CBD stones was achieved in 58 patients (93.5%; group Ia). Four patients (7%) had retained stones following surgery (group Ib). In group II, the CBD was cleared by endoscopic means in 20 out of 48 patients (42%) and was categorized into group IIa. In the remaining patients ES was followed by CBD exploration (group IIb). Significantly higher morbidity was seen in patients needing CBD surgery following attempted endoscopic clearance, because of ES-related complications, such as bleeding, cholangitis, septicaemia and numerous others. Use of ES to treat CBD stones on a routine basis was therefore not found to be any better than one-time surgical exploration.     

EVALUATION OF INDOCYANINE GREEN RETENTION AND AMINOPYRINE BREATH TESTS IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT BILIARY OBSTRUCTION

Impaired hepatic function is a major contributory factor to the high incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Dynamic hepatic function tests such as indocyanine green (ICG) retention and aminopyrine breath tests were evaluated in such patients to define whether they were clinically useful for prediction of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Forty-four patients with malignant biliary obstruction undergoing surgery for relief of obstructive jaundice were recruited into the study. Indocyanine green retention and aminopyrine breath tests were carried out in all patients pre-operatively and repeated in 36 patients postoperatively. The ICG retention was abnormal in all patients before surgery and there was significant improvement 2 weeks after surgery (32.8 ± 2.5%vs 18.3 ± 2.8%, P= 0.001). The change in ICG retention levels correlated with the serum bilirubin levels but the pre-operative ICG retention value could not predict postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aminopyrine breath test was abnormal in all but one patient. It correlated with pre-operative prothrombin time of the patients before surgery but it did not improve significantly after surgery and was not predictive of postoperative outcome. It is concluded that both ICG retention and aminopyrine breath tests have limited clinical value in the pre-operative evaluation of patients with malignant biliary obstruction.     

内皮素在阻塞性黄疸早期门静脉高压症中的作用

目的初步探讨阻塞性黄疸早期门静脉高压的机制。方法将大鼠分为胆管结扎组（B）与假手术组（A），分别于术后3、7、14d比较两组的游离门静脉压力（FPP）、血浆和肝组织内皮素（ET）浓度。结果胆总管结扎7d后门静脉压力显著高于对照组；胆总管结扎后各时段ET水平均显著高于对照组；门静脉压力与血浆ET、肝组织ET呈正相关。结论阻塞性黄疸早期即有门静脉压力的升高，它可能是体内ET水平升高致肝窦阻力增加的结果。     

A Case of Postbulbar Duodenal Ulcer with Jaundice

Abstract: A 63-year-old man was hospitalized because of jaundice and anorexia. An upper gastrointestinal series and hypotonic duodenography revealed circumferential sclerosis and stenosis of the duodenal wall. Endoscopic examination disclosed an ulcer, the upper margin of which was located at the papilla of Vater. The papilla was situated in the base of the ulcer. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography disclosed mild dilatation of the common bile, intrahepatic bile and pancreatic ducts, but with neither severe stenosis nor occlusion. Nevertheless, there was some degree of circumferential compression and mild stenosis of the terminal portions of the bile and pancreatic ducts, as potential causes of obstructive jaundice in this patient. Computed tomographic examination of the abdomen revealed a tumorous lesion at the duodenal bulb. Because malignancy in the duodenum could not be ruled out, a pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Histopathological examination showed a postbulbar duodenal ulcer, associated with inflammation of the papillary orifice and fibrosis of the region near the papilla. There was no evidence of a tumorous lesion. In this case, a postbulbar duodenal ulcer may have caused obstructive jaundice.     

Ultrasound in Obstructive Jaundice

The ultrasonographic findings of 44 patients, with obstructive jaundice were retrospectively reviewed. Our conclusions from this study are:

• (i) Ultrasound is an excellent modality for detecting dilatation of the biliary tree (in part or in total) and assessing the degree of dilatation, but it does not reliably detect the obstructing lesion often enough.
• (ii) It is important to adequately visualise the area of the extra-hepatic biliary tree and pancreatic head before suggesting the aetiology of any biliary tract dilatation regardless of the findings more proximally in the biliary tract.
• (iii) The optimal role of ultrasound is to detect a mass if one is present: tissue-typing requires histological or cytological examination of material from the mass.

     

胎龄小于34周早产儿分娩时挤压脐带断脐方式的研究

目的 分析胎龄＜34周早产儿不同断脐方式下血红蛋白、胆红素及相关并发症差异,为早产分娩行挤压脐带断脐法(UCM)提供临床依据。方法 回顾性分析115例经阴道分娩的胎龄＜34周的早产儿,根据断脐方式分为UCM组(n=59)和立即断脐(ICC)组(n=56),比较两组早产儿娩出后血红蛋白变化趋势和输血量、住院期间经皮胆红素值及光疗时间以及颅内出血、早产儿视网膜病变、支气管肺发育不良和坏死性小肠结肠炎的发生率。结果 UCM组出生后1 h内、出生后1周左右和出院前血红蛋白显著高于ICC组(t=2.246、2.123、1.886,P＜0.05),住院期间ICC组早产儿输血次数及每人次输血量显著多于UCM组(χ²=2.145,t=2.160,P＜0.05)。两组经皮胆红素达峰时间均为3～6 d,UCM组经皮胆红素值显著高于ICC组(t=2.231、2.654、2.686、2.038,P＜0.05),两组光疗时长差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。早产儿住院期间发生颅内出血、视网膜病变、支气管肺发育不良及坏死性小肠结肠炎等并发症两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 与正常断脐相比,挤压脐带可增加胎龄＜34周早产儿的血容量和血红蛋白量,减少住院期间输血次数及输血量,且不增加患儿病理性黄疸和并发症的风险,可作为胎龄＜34周早产儿首选的断脐方法。     

L—精氨酸对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾脏的影响

目的探讨L-精氨酸（L-Arg）对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肾脏的影响及机制。方法双重结扎大鼠胆总管造成梗阻性黄疸模型,14d后,分别给予不同组大鼠L-Arg500mg     

苏州市新生儿黄疸初步调查

本文总结分析了 1995年 8月～ 1996年 7月在我院出生的 15 3例正常新生儿血清总胆红素水平。根据本组结果和全国黄疸调查协作组对血清胆红素 >12 .9mg/dl的新生儿作脑干听力诱发电位无异常发现 ,提示正常新生儿高胆红素血症的诊断标准应作适当调整 ,而高胆红素干预标准亦应相应提高     

早期口服祛黄汤防治新生儿黄疸的临床研究

目的 为降低新生儿黄疸减少高胆红素血症发生,我们采用早期口服祛黄汤的方法,观察其对新生儿黄疸的影响,将出生后新生儿随机分为实验组１００例,常规处理后于６小时内口服祛黄汤,连服３日。对照组１００例,不服用任何药物。结果 新生儿生后６小时内第一次排便例数实验组明显高于对照组;新生儿第一次大便变黄时间,实验组较对照组明显缩短;４日龄新生儿黄染的例数、程度实验组明显低于对照组;血胆红素浓度实验组明显低于对