卵巢动脉造影及栓塞在妇产科疾病介入治疗中的意义

经导管作髂内动脉栓塞术是目前治疗盆腔肿瘤所致阴道大出血和产科大出血的首选方法 ,近年选择性子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)已成为替代外科手术治疗子宫肌瘤的有效方法 .文献报道,无论是治疗妇产科大出血还是栓塞子宫肌瘤,髂内动脉-子宫动脉栓塞术有一定失败率(4%～19%),后者与盆腔内存在丰富的侧支循环有重要关系,其中卵巢动脉(OA)是主要的侧支血管之一.另外,OA与子宫动脉之间的吻合支是UAE术中误栓塞卵巢、导致闭经的原因.OVA开口变异发生率为2%～10%.正常OA直径＜1.1 mm,多不为腹主动脉造影所显示,但当存在子宫或盆腔病变、对血液供应需求增加时,OA可增粗.OA参与盆腔疾病供血的高发因素有子宫底部巨大肌瘤、有盆腔手术史、曾做过子宫动脉栓塞术、一侧或两侧子宫动脉发育不良.当存在前述情况时,将猪尾导管插至肾动脉水平做腹主动脉造影和选择性OA插管造影是必要的.一旦确认有OA参与病变供血,应考虑作超选择栓塞术,一般认为用直径＞500 μm栓塞剂是安全的.做OA近侧栓塞,尤其是联合两侧UAE,可能导致医源性卵巢功能不全.对于绝经前患者、又确有必要做OA栓塞时,应尽可能做单侧、接近病变处栓塞,术前应签署知情同意书.     

他山之石 何以攻玉:从脑出血国际临床研究现状看我国的规范化治疗

自发性脑出血病死率和病残率较高,但缺乏有效的治疗策略.我国的脑出血相关研究与国际先进水平存在一定差距.近年国际上一系列临床研究从不同角度探讨脑出血的治疗方式,对我国脑出血研究和规范化治疗具有十分重要的参考价值.我国的脑出血临床治疗经验和研究成果要想走向世界,必须开展高质量的临床试验.四川大学华西医院神经外科正在开展IN...     

老年上消化道出血60例临床分析

目的 探讨老年上消化道出血的病因及治疗特点.方法 对2008年1月～ 2010年1月我院收治的老年上消化道出血病例进行分析.结果 胃溃疡出血26例(占43%),十二指肠球部溃疡出血8例(占13%),胃癌出血10例(占16%),食管静脉曲张破裂出血11例(占18%),Mallory-Weiss综合征2例(占3%),胆道出...     

脑脊液细胞学在蛛网膜下腔出血中的应用价值

目的：应用细胞玻片离心仪和50例蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）患者进行了不同时期脑脊液细胞学检查。方法：常规抽取脑脊液,经FMU-5细胞玻片离心仪直接离心制片,进行MGG染色,进行细胞分类。结果：蛛网膜下腔出血后脑脊液中白细胞在不同时期的细胞特征是：急性期：大量红细胞及高比例的嗜中性粒细胞期,嗜中性粒细胞比率在70%以上,48～72 h达高峰,一周后逐渐消失。吸收期：激活单核细胞增多,可出现红细胞吞噬细胞及特征性细胞-含铁血黄素吞噬细胞,持续2～3周。恢复期：主要以激活单核细胞为主,持续数周或几月。结论：应用该法进行脑脊液细胞学检查,可给临床提供一个直观、准确的诊断依据。对蛛网膜下腔出血病人的病理学监测、鉴别诊断和治疗具有重要价值。     

A timeline of oligodendrocyte death and proliferation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

AimsWhite matter (WM) injury is a critical factor associated with worse outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the detailed pathological changes are not completely understood. This study investigates temporal changes in the corpus callosum (CC), including WM edema and oligodendrocyte death after SAH, and the role of lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) in those changes.MethodsSubarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in adult wild‐type or LCN2 knockout mice via endovascular perforation. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 4 hours, 1 day, and 8 days after SAH, and T2 hyperintensity changes within the CC were quantified to represent WM edema. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate oligodendrocyte death and proliferation.ResultsSubarachnoid hemorrhage induced significant CC T2 hyperintensity at 4 hours and 1 day that diminished significantly by 8 days post‐procedure. Comparing changes between the 4 hours and 1 day, each individual mouse had an increase in CC T2 hyperintensity volume. Oligodendrocyte death was observed at 4 hours, 1 day, and 8 days after SAH induction, and there was progressive loss of mature oligodendrocytes, while immature oligodendrocytes/oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) proliferated back to baseline by Day 8 after SAH. Moreover, LCN2 knockout attenuated WM edema and oligodendrocyte death at 24 hours after SAH.ConclusionsSubarachnoid hemorrhage leads to T2 hyperintensity change within the CC, which indicates WM edema. Oligodendrocyte death was observed in the CC within 1 day of SAH, with a partial recovery by Day 8. SAH‐induced WM injury was alleviated in an LCN2 knockout mouse model.     

Role of hydrogen sulfide in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common acute and severe disease worldwide, which imposes a heavy burden on families and society. However, the current therapeutic strategies for SAH are unsatisfactory. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), as the third gas signaling molecule after carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, has been widely studied recently. There is growing evidence that H₂S has a promising future in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. In this review, we focus on the effects of H₂S in experimental SAH and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate that H₂S has neuroprotective effects and significantly reduces secondary damage caused by SAH via antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptosis mechanisms, and by alleviating cerebral edema and vasospasm. Based on these findings, we believe that H₂S has great potential in the treatment of SAH and warrants further study to promote its early clinical application.     

Screening and identification of biomarkers associated with the immune infiltration of intracerebral hemorrhage

BackgroundRecent studies showed that inflammation and immunity might play essential roles in the progression of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the underlying mechanisms for changes at the cellular and molecular levels after ICH remain unclear.MethodsWe downloaded the microarray dataset of ICH from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differential expression gene analysis was obtained by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA). We got the hub genes and performed the biological functions and signaling pathways of these genes by Metascape. GSVA algorithm was used to evaluate the potential physical function of time‐varying ICH samples. We used single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to assess the immune signatures infiltration and analyzed the correlation between hub genes and immune signatures.ResultsThe data sets of all 22 ICH samples in {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE125512","term_id":"125512"}}GSE125512 were examined by the WGCNA R package. We finally screened five hub genes (GAPDH, PF4, SELP, APP, and PPBP) in the royal blue module. Metascape analysis displayed the biological processes related to inflammation and immunology. Cell adhesion molecule binding, myeloid leukocyte activation, CXCR chemokine receptor binding, and regulation of cytokine production were the most enriched pathophysiological process. The immune signatures infiltration analyses showed that ICH patients’ early and late samples had different activity and abundance of immune‐related cells and types.ConclusionsGAPDH, PF4, SELP, APP, and PPBP are identified as potential biomarkers for predicting the progression of ICH. This study may help us better understand the immunologic mechanism and shed new light on the promising approaches of immunotherapy for ICH patients.     

高血压性脑出血后迟发性脑水肿患者B型脑钠肽变化及临床意义

目的观察高血压性脑出血后迟发性脑水肿患者B型脑钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平的动态变化,探讨BNP水平与迟发性脑水肿的关系。方法收集40例高血压脑出血患者[其中迟发性脑水肿者18例(DE组),无迟发性脑水肿者22例(MDE组)]和19例健康人群(对照组)。在入院后当天和治疗第10天CT扫描动态检查,且在入院当天、治疗第3天和第10天,收集血浆样本测定BNP含量,同时根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评估神经功能损伤程度。结果入院当天DE组及NDE组BNP含量高于对照组(P<0.01);入院后DE和NDE组BNP含量均有缓慢上升;治疗第10天NDE组BNP水平较入院时显著增加(P<0.01),NDE组则较入院时显著下降(P<0.01)。血浆BNP水平变化与NIHSS评分呈正相关(r=0.706,P<0.05)。结论动态观察血浆BNP含量是早期诊断和监测高血压性脑出血后迟发性脑水肿的有效指标。     

高血压性脑出血再发危险因素的临床研究

目的 :探讨高血压性脑出血再发危险因素。方法 :对收治的 6 1例高血压性脑出血再发患者进行回顾性分析。结果 :高血压性脑出血的再发率为 7.2 9% ,再次出血的临床表现较首次重 ,出血量较首次大 ,合并症较首次多 ,病死率明显升高 ;再次出血组与一次出血组的血压中平均收缩压无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,但舒张压大于 90、95 mm Hg、收缩压大于 2 0 0 mm Hg及舒张压大于 95 mm Hg同时收缩压大于 2 0 0 mm Hg病例中 ,均与一次出血组存在极显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :抓好血压的管理 ,是预防高血压性脑出血再发的关键。     

预见性护理模式对急性脑出血患者的影响观察

目的 探讨预见性护理模式对急性脑出血患者的影响.方法 选取北京海军总医院干部病房2010年4月～2012年11月收治的急性脑出血患者102例,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各51例.对照组实施常规护理模式,研究组实施预见性护理模式.记录两组患者住院时间、并发症发生率及家属满意度情况.结果 ①研究组住院时间为(15.40±3.06)d,对照组为(20.15±5.13)d,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②研究组肺部感染、脑部再出血、消化道出血、尿路感染及褥疮发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③研究组护理满意度为98.0％,对照组为82.4％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 预见性护理模式是一项科学、合理、有效的护理方案,不仅能降低脑出血患者并发症发生率,缩短住院时间,还能提高家属满意度,值得在临床上进一步推广.