Different benefit of bispectal index (BIS) in desflurane and propofol anesthesia

BACKGROUND: Bispectal index (BIS) monitoring may reduce drug usage and hasten recovery in propofol and inhalation anesthesia. The faster emergence profile of desflurane may reduce the effect of BIS monitoring on recovery from desflurane compared with propofol. This study compared hypnotic drug usage, recovery, patient satisfaction and incidence of inadequate sedation in BIS monitored and nonmonitored women anesthetized with desflurane or propofol. METHODS: One hundred and sixty patients scheduled for elective gynecological surgery were randomly assigned to desflurane or propofol anesthesia with and without BIS monitoring. Fentanyl, vecuronium and remifentanil were administered according to clinical criteria. The BIS monitor was used in all patients, but the monitor screen was covered in the controls. A BIS level between 45 and 55 was targeted in the BIS monitored patients whereas depth of anesthesia was assessed by clinical criteria in the controls. RESULTS: The mean (SD) desflurane MAC-hours administered with and without BIS were 0.70 (0.15) and 0.76 (0.12), respectively, resulting in extubation times of 6.5 (4.1) and 8.3 (6.1) min. (NS). Bispectal index monitoring was associated with improved patient satisfaction, reduced postoperative nausea and antiemetic drug requirement, and fewer episodes with sustained BIS levels > 60. The mean (SD) propofol infusion rates were 6.0 (1.4) and 6.6 (0.9) mg kg(-1)h(-1) with and without the BIS monitor (P = 0.023), resulting in mean (SD) extubation times of 6.8 (4.6) and 10.5 min (5.9), respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bispectal index monitoring reduced propofol usage and hastened recovery after propofol anesthesia, whereas in desflurane anesthesia it was associated with improved patient satisfaction, probably because of decreased postoperative nausea and fewer episodes of inadequate hypnosis.     

右美托咪定复合羟考酮用于脊椎手术后静脉镇痛的临床效果

目的 评价右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)复合羟考酮(oxycodone,OD)用于脊柱外科手术后患者自控静脉镇痛(patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)的临床效果. 方法 择期全身麻醉下行脊柱外科手术的患者100例,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为4组(每组25例):OD组、OD 1.0 mg/kg+Dex 2.5μg/kg组(OD1组)、OD 0.8 mg/kg+Dex 2.5 μg/kg组(OD2组)和OD 0.6 mg/kg+Dex 2.5 μg/kg组(OD3组).各组配方均用生理盐水稀释至200 ml.手术结束前15 min,静脉注射OD 0.1 mg/kg,同时连接PCIA泵,背景输注速率3.5～4.5 ml/h,患者自控镇痛(patient-controlled analgesia,PCA)剂量2 ml、锁定时间20 min.采用静脉注射OD 0.05 mg/kg进行补救镇痛,维持VAS评分≤4分.记录术后48 h内补救镇痛情况、PCA有效按压次数、心动过缓、低血压、恶心、呕吐、镇静过度、嗜睡、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制等副作用的发生情况,记录术后72 h时患者镇痛满意度. 结果 4组均未行补救镇痛,均未见镇静过度、呕吐、呼吸抑制和低血压发生.与OD组比较,OD1组嗜睡发生率升高,OD2组和OD3组恶心、嗜睡、心动过缓和皮肤瘙痒发生率降低,OD1组、OD2组、OD3组患者术后镇痛满意度均升高(P＜0.05);与OD1组比较,OD2组和OD3组恶心、嗜睡、心动过缓和皮肤瘙痒发生率降低,OD2组患者术后镇痛满意度显著升高(P＜0.05),OD3组患者术后镇痛满意度降低(P＜0.05);与OD2组比较,OD3组副作用发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),OD3组患者术后镇痛满意度降低(P＜0.05);与OD组、OD1组和OD2组比较,OD3组PCA有效按压次数显著增加(P＜0.01). 结论 Dex 2.5 μg/kg复合OD 0.8 mg/kg用于脊柱手术后PCIA效果确切,可减少OD的用量,降低其副作用的发生率,提高患者对术后镇痛的总体满意度.     

Retrocaval ureter with vesicoureteric reflux,a very rare entity

Introduction

A circumcaval ureter is a rare congenital anomaly in which the ureter passes behind inferior vena cava. VUR is rarely found in association with retrocaval ureter. Diagnosis and management are difficult. To our knowledge, we report a second case of retrocaval ureter with ipsilateral VUR.

A comparison of gastric emptying of soluble solid meals and clear fluids matched for volume and energy content: a pilot crossover study

We previously demonstrated that the gastric emptying time of different liquids with the same volume mainly depended on their energy content, regardless of differences in composition. In this crossover study, we investigated whether the same applies when soluble solid foods are ingested with water. Ten healthy volunteers ingested one of five test diets consisting of two test meals (Calorie Mate^® 100 and 200 kcal) and three test solutions (water and glucose solutions of 100 and 200 kcal), each given in a volume of 400 ml, and then underwent ultrasonography to measure the gastric antral cross‐sectional area every 10 min for 120 min. The gastric emptying time was defined as the time for the antral cross‐sectional area to revert to its initial value. When test diets with the same energy content were ingested, the gastric emptying curves were nearly identical, regardless of whether the original form was solid or liquid. The median (IQR[range]) gastric emptying times of Calorie Mate^® of 100 kcal with water vs. isocaloric glucose solution were 65 (60–78 [50–80]) vs. 65 (60–70 [50–80]) min (p = 0.58), and for Calorie Mate^® of 200 kcal with water vs. isocaloric glucose solution they were 100 (93–108 [90–120]) vs. 105 (90–110 [90–120]) min (p = 0.54). The median (IQR [range]) for water was 40 (30–40 [30–50]) min. Energy content may be a critical determinant of the gastric emptying time when ingesting soluble solid diets with water.     

环泊酚在老年患者胸腔镜手术静-吸复合麻醉中的有效性与安全性

目的 探讨环泊酚在老年患者胸腔镜手术静-吸复合麻醉中应用的有效性与安全性。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年7月择期行胸腔镜手术的老年患者806例,男416例,女390例,年龄65～85岁,BMI 16～30 kg/m²,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。根据术中不同静脉麻醉药物将老年患者分为两组：环泊酚组(C组,n=229)和丙泊酚组(P组,n=577)。使用1∶1倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)平衡两组术前和术中指标。采用多因素Logistic回归分析静脉麻醉药与不良反应(低血压、心动过缓、苏醒期低氧血症和术后恶心呕吐)发生的相关性。采用多因素线性回归分析静脉麻醉药与麻醉后早期恢复指标(拔管时间、PACU停留时间和术后住院时间)的相关性。结果 与P组比较,C组血管活性药物总用量明显减少(P<0.05),拔管时间、PACU停留时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,使用环泊酚与术中低血压发生率降低(OR=0.378,95%CI 0.236～0.603,P<0.001)和苏醒期低氧血症发生率降低(OR=0.542,95%CI 0.336...     

基于IPAD的移动静脉输液质量管理系统的研发与应用

目的开发与使用基于IPAD的移动静脉输液质量管理系统,加强医院信息化建设,提高静脉输液护理质量。方法成立静脉输液管理小组,设计并应用基于IPAD的移动静脉输液质量管理系统,每月对临床静脉输液进行质量督导。结果应用移动静脉输液质量管理系统后,静脉输液操作规范执行率、静脉输液工具选择正确率、使用刺激性药物静脉通路选择正确率、血管通路固定正确率及患者满意率显著提升,静脉输液相关并发症发生率显著下降(均P0.01)。结论应用移动静脉输液质量管理系统对静脉输液进行过程质量管理,可规范静脉输液流程、减少导管相关性并发症的发生、提高静脉输液的安全性及患者满意度。     

两种镇痛方式改善静脉输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛的效果比较

目的 观察Valsalva呼吸、复方利多卡因乳膏减轻输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛感的效果。方法 采用便利抽样法选取148例接受抗肿瘤药物治疗患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组、利多卡因组和Valsalva组,分别在无损伤针穿刺前1 h涂抹医用凡士林(安慰剂)、复方利多卡因乳膏和穿刺时采用Valsalva呼吸。观察患者穿刺疼痛程度。结果 利多卡因组疼痛评分显著低于Valsalva组和对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏可缓解输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛,提升患者舒适度。