前列地尔静注乳剂的制备及其物理性质的测定

用自制原料制备了前列地尔静注乳剂,并对其一些物理性质进行了测定,结果表明该制剂的粒度分布、pH值、渗透压等项均符合静脉注射制剂的要求.     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定人体血浆中丙泊酚的浓度及其药动学研究(英文)

目的:采用HPLC-MS/MS法检测人体血浆中丙泊酚的浓度,并将该方法用于临床药动学研究。方法:采用Zorb-ax Eclipse XDB-C18(50 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离;流动相为甲醇和0.1%氨水二元梯度洗脱系统;流速为0.3 mL.min-1;通过电喷雾离子化电离源(ESI),采用负离子检测。结果:线性范围为0.010～12μg.mL-1,相关系数≥0.99,定量下限为0.010μg.mL-1。日内及日间精密度不高于15%,准确度的相对误差(RE)在-2.0%～5.0%。药代动力学符合三室模型,清除率为0.029 L.min-1.kg-1,中央室分布容积为0.60 L.kg-1,血药浓度消除半衰期t1/2α为0.84 min,t1/2β为6.7 min,t1/2γ为128.7 min。结论:该方法高效、灵敏,特异性强,准确度、精密度好,适用于丙泊酚药物动力学研究。     

Cyclosporin A in the ocular fluids of uveitis patients following long-term systemic administration

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine the levels of cyclosporin A (CsA) in tears and the anterior segment of the eye following long-term oral intake for autoimmune diseases. METHODS: Subjects taking oral CsA to treat relapsing autoimmune ocular inflammation were included in this study. All of the patients had been quiescent for at least 6 months. In patients scheduled for cataract extraction (group A), the CsA levels in the blood, aqueous humour and anterior capsule of the lens were determined. In subjects not requiring surgical intervention (group B), CsA was measured in tears and blood. The samples were analysed using turbulent flow chromatography coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: There were 19 subjects in group A and 43 subjects in group B. CsA was detectable in all of the tear samples with a mean value of 22.4 +/- 20.2 ng/ml and there was a significant positive correlation between the CsA levels in tears and blood (P = 0.012). CsA was not detected in any of the surgical samples. CONCLUSION: LC-MS/MS proved very sensitive for detecting CsA in low-volume biological samples. CsA was present in human tears in proportion to the blood level after an average of 12 hours from the last oral intake.     

曲马多、吗啡术后自控镇痛对肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响比较

目的：比较曲马多，吗啡术后自控镇痛对肺癌患者行肺叶切除术后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：20例患者采用美国麻醉医师协会分级法（ASA）分级，均为1－II级肺癌患者，择期行肺叶切除手术，随机分为曲马多，吗啡术后自控镇痛组，两组患者均接受相同的气管插管静脉复合吸入麻醉，分别于麻醉前，术后4h，术后24h采取外周静脉血，用流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^ ,CD4^ ,CD8^ 及CD4＋／CD8＋，结果：两组患者术毕及术后4hCD3^ ,CD4^ 及CD4^ /CD8^ 明显低于术前（P＜0．05），术后24h曲马多组虽然仍低于术前值，但已有所恢复，反之吗啡组上述各数值尚未上升，结论：曲马多自控镇痛较吗啡能改善术后细胞免疫抑制。     

Habitual Total Drinking Fluid Intake Did Not Affect Plasma Hydration Biomarkers among Young Male Athletes in Beijing,China: A Cross-Sectional Study

The purposes of this study were to explore the drinking patterns, and urinary and plasma hydration biomarkers of young adults with different levels of habitual total drinking fluid intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 111 young male athletes in Beijing, China. Total drinking fluids and water from food were assessed by a 7-day, 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality and electrolyte concentrations of the 24-h urine and fasting blood samples were tested. Differences in groups LD₁ (low drinker), LD₂, HD₁, and HD₂ (high drinker), divided according to the quartiles of total drinking fluids, were compared using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis H-tests, and chi-squared tests. A total of 109 subjects completed the study. The HD₂ group had greater amounts of TWI (total water intake) and higher and lower contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to TWI, respectively, than the LD₁, LD₂, and HD₁ groups (p < 0.05), but the amounts of water from food did not differ significantly among the four groups (all p > 0.05). Participants in the HD₂ group had higher amounts of water than participants in the LD₁, LD₂, and HD₁ groups (p < 0.05); SSBs were the second top contributor of total drinking fluids, ranging from 24.0% to 31.8%. The percentage of subjects in optimal hydration status increased from 11.8% in the LD₁ group to 58.8% in the HD₂ group (p < 0.05). The HD₂ and HD₁ groups had 212–227 higher volumes of urine than the LD₁ and LD₂ groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the plasma biomarkers (p > 0.05), with the exception of higher concentrations of K in the HD₁ group than in the LD₁ group (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher amounts of total drinking fluids had better hydration status than those with lower total drinking fluids, but not better drinking patterns. Habitual total drinking fluids did not affect the plasma biomarkers.     

静脉输注利多卡因在无痛结肠镜检查中的临床应用

目的 观察静脉输注利多卡因在无痛结肠镜检查中的临床效果,探讨其有效性和安全性.方法 选择在该院接受无痛结肠镜检查的患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为3组:舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(S组)、利多卡因复合丙泊酚组(L组)和单纯丙泊酚组(P组),每组30例.采用双盲法分别给予每组患者相应药物,持续监测并记录给药前(T0)、睫毛反射...     

Comparing surgical efficiencies between phacoemulsification systems: a single surgeon retrospective study of 2000 eyes

AIM: To compare under similar conditions intraoperative surgical efficiencies metrics between an active fluidics and a gravity based phacoemulsification systems. METHODS: Adult patients who were diagnosed with a cataract that compromised visual acuity inferior to 20/40 were included in the study. Patients were excluded from the study if they had a history of severe retinal disorders, clinically significant corneal endothelial dystrophy or history of corneal disease. All phacoemulsification surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Both phacoemulsification systems used the 0.9 mm 45-degree aspiration bypass system Intrepid Balanced tip and the 0.9 mm Intrepid Ultra infusion sleeve. All cataracts were classified using the Lens Opacities Classification System III, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) and aspiration fluids were measured in each surgery. RESULTS: Totally 2000 eyes were included in the study. Phacoemulsification was performed in 1000 (50%) eyes with an active fluid dynamics system and in 1000 (50%) eyes with a gravity-based fluidic system. Mean CDE until fracture of the lens was 1.1 and 1.9 percent-seconds and total mean CDE used was 5.6 and 7.2 percent-seconds using an active fluidics dynamics system and gravity-based fluidic system, respectively (P<0.001). Mean aspiration fluids used were 70 mL using an active fluidics dynamics system and 84 mL using a gravity-based fluidic system (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study evidences that surgeries performed under similar conditions (same surgeon, phaco tip and sleeve) with the active fluidics dynamics system required significantly lower CDE and aspiration fluids.     

静脉注射三乙醇胺对SD大鼠的病理性损伤作用

目的 观察静脉注射三乙醇胺后SD大鼠的组织病理学改变及其可逆性。方法 60只SD大鼠,随机分为对照组和300 mg/kg剂量组,连续30 d给药和恢复4周,分别进行大体解剖和组织病理学检查。结果 连续给药30 d,SD大鼠肝细胞嗜酸性变,肾髓质肾小管上皮细胞变性,脾小体生发中心增大,白髓边缘带增宽,淋巴结内淋巴滤泡数量增多,生发中心增大;恢复4周,肝脏、脾脏和淋巴结病变恢复不明显。结论 静脉注射一定剂量的三乙醇胺,对SD大鼠肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和淋巴结有一定的损伤作用,其中,肾脏的损伤可逆,脾脏、淋巴结和肝脏的损伤有一定程度的恢复。     

国产氨吡酮针剂对心功能不全的临床疗效观察

应用国产氨吡酮针剂对62例心功能不全患者治疗10天的临床观察结果,表明静脉用氨吡酮对各种原因心衰病人治疗显效率为29.1％,有效率为53.2％,总有效率为82.3％。其副反应有血小板减少、肾功能恶化等。结论:国产氨吡酮针剂作为一种非洋地黄甙类、非儿茶酚胺类强心剂,可安全有效地治疗大多数心衰患者。