清肝解毒散结汤配合介入治疗用于原发性肝癌的远期疗效观察

目的 观察中药清肝解毒散结汤配合介入治疗原发性肝癌的远期疗效。方法 将110例原发性肝癌住院患者随机分为治疗组（60例）与对照组（50例）。两组均采用Seldinger’s技术行肝动脉栓塞化疗，治疗组同时加用中药清肝解毒散结汤治疗。观察两组的远期生存率及生存质量。结果 治疗后0．5年、1年、2年、3年生存率治疗组分别为88．33％、78．33％、51．67％、31．67％；对照组分别为84．00％、68．00％、30．00％、16．00％，2、3年生存率治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．05），卡氏评分及体重变化方面来评价患者生存质量，两组比较差异均有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论 中药清肝解毒散结汤配合介入治疗原发性肝癌，可以提高远期生存率和患者生存质量。     

Percutaneous Placement of Self-expandable Metallic Biliary Stents in Malignant Extrahepatic Strictures: Indications of Transpapillary and Suprapapillary Methods

Objective

To compare the efficacy of suprapapillary and transpapillary methods of transhepatic biliary metallic stent placement in malignant biliary strictures and to specify the indications of each method applied.

Materials and Methods

Stents were placed in 59 patients. Strictures were categorized as type A (within 3 cm of the ampulla, n = 27), type B (over 3 cm from ampulla, n = 7), type C (within 3 cm of the bending portion, n = 9), or type D (over 3 cm above the bending portion, n=16). The stenting method was suprapapillary in 34 cases and transpapillary in 25. The rates of initial and long-term patency and of early recurrence were compared.

Results

Initial patency rates for the suprapapillary and transpapillary methods were 1/7 (14.3%) and 20/20 (100%) respectively for type A (p < 0.0001), 4/5 (80.0%) and 2/2 for type B, 3/7 (42.9%) and 2/2 for type C, and 15/16 (93.8%) and 0/0 for type D. Early recurrence rates were 7/30 (23.3%) using the suprapapillary method and 4/29 (13.8%) using the transpapillary method (p = 0.51). The long-term patency rate did not differ significantly according to either type (p = 0.37) or method (p = 0.62).

Conclusion

For good initial patency, the transpapillary method is recommended for strictures of the distal extrahepatic duct near the ampulla and just above the bending portion. Long-term patency is not influenced by the stenting method employed.     

血管内介入诊疗技术在脑动静脉畸形中的应用

目的　探讨血管内介入诊疗技术在脑动静脉畸形诊疗中的价值。方法　回顾性分析 98例脑动静脉畸形的血管内介入诊疗资料。结果　DSA能明确诊断 ,显示供血动脉、畸形血管团及引流静脉的情况。 5 2例栓塞治疗的技术成功率为 1 0 0 %,单纯真丝线段栓塞 36例 ,真丝线段和α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯 (NBCA)联合栓塞 1 6例。栓塞程度 :畸形血管团完全消失者 1 2例 ,畸形血管团减少 75 %以上者 2 1例 ,畸形血管团减少在 5 0 %～ 75 %者 1 1例 ,畸形血管团缩小不足 5 0 %者 8例。结论　DSA检查是脑动静脉畸形合理而可靠的诊断方法 ,有利于估计其预后并制订治疗方案 ,血管内栓塞治疗是其安全有效的治疗手段。     

泪囊黏液囊肿的鼻泪管支架植入治疗观察

目的 评价鼻湘管支架植入术在治疗泪囊黏肿中的应用价值。方法 对21例（21眼）泪囊黏滚囊肿患者行鼻泪管支架植入术，逆行扩张鼻泪道后植入特制的鼻泪管支架，术前术后行数字减影泪道造影检查，分析其疗效。结果 21眼均成功植入鼻泪管支架，手术成功率为100%，术后随访2—43个月，有效率为100%。无严重并发症的发生。结论 鼻泪管支架植入术治疗泪囊黏液囊肿操作简便，具有良好的临床效果，值得推广。     

室间隔缺损介入治疗的并发症防治

目的探讨小儿室间隔缺损(VSD)经导管介入治疗的并发症原因及其防治。方法选择VSD患儿362例。男152例,女210例;年龄2-14(9.3±5.8)岁;体质量11.0-65.0(20.5±11.8)kg。并动脉导管未闭(PDA)16例,并房间隔缺损(ASD)8例,并肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)2例,常规行介入手术治疗。结果患儿术前均经胸超声检测VSD为2.7-13.0 mm,平均6.5 mm;术中心室造影测量VSD为2.5-14.0 mm,平均6.2 mm;345/362例(96.2%)封堵成功。所选封堵器为4.0-16.0 mm,平均8.6mm。发生心脏并发症33例,血管并发症13例,其他并发症4例,包括Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞5例,Ⅱ度房室传导阻滞3例,交界区性心律4例,室性期前收缩5例,完全性左束支传导阻滞6例,完全性右束支传导阻滞4例,主动脉瓣关闭不全、残余分流各3例,基底核区脑梗死1例,股动脉假性动脉瘤、股动静脉瘘各5例,股动脉血栓3例,溶血、血尿1例,交换导丝断裂、猪尾导管断裂各1例。结论经导管介入治疗小儿VSD操作简单、成功率高、相对安全、近期临床疗效好,但应进一步加强心律失常、血栓等并发症的防治。     

肝癌合并高血压或冠心病TACE围手术期处理

[目的]探讨围手术期处理在肝癌合并高血压或冠心病经导管动脉内化疗栓塞(TACE)中的重要性.[方法]对45例合并高血压或冠心病的肝癌患者行TACE围手术期处理进行回顾性分析.[结果]合理应用降压药、硝酸酯类药物及化疗药的患者均平稳度过围手术期,有2例因处理不当死亡.[结论]加强TACE围手术期处理是确保肝癌并高血压或冠心病患者手术成功、减少并发症的重要保障.     

Results of Treating Vertebral Metastases by Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Combined with Interventional Chemotherapy

OBJECTIVE Vertebral metastases are a common manifestation in patients with advanced cancer and treatment is often ineffective. This study was conducted to explore the efficacy of treating vertebral metastases by percutaneous vertebroplasty （PVP） combined with interventional chemotherapy. METHODS Seventy-five patients with vertebral metastases （42 men, 33 women; ages 31-76 years） were divided into 2 groups： 39 cases were treated by PVP combined with chemotherapy （VPCC group）, and 36 cases were treated by PVP alone （VP group）. All procedures were guided by computed tomography （CT） scanning. The results and complications were evaluated by a questionnaire regarding pain and routine follow-up. RESULTS The response rate was significantly higher in the VPCC group than in the VP group （93.0% vs 74.4%, P〈0.05）; total response rates for the VPCC and VP groups were 25.6% and 10.3% respectively. A common complication related to VPCC was transient aggravating pain. CONCLUSION PVP may ameliorate pain, and consolidate the vertebrae of patients with vertebral metastases. Its short-term effect may be enhanced by adding drugs into the bone cement.     

Movement of the side hole occurring in a port‐catheter system percutaneously implanted for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy

The authors report a case in which catheter‐related difficulties occurred with a port‐catheter system implanted to perform repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinomas. The port‐catheter system had been percutaneously implanted with the catheter tip fixation method, and a side hole had been created in the indwelling catheter for placement in the common hepatic artery. Four months after port‐catheter placement, however, the indwelling catheter became bent at the location of the side hole in the proper hepatic artery. Subsequently, the side hole moved into the left hepatic artery, resulting in a lack of distribution of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumours in the segments of the liver supplied by the right hepatic artery. This situation was easily corrected with a simple interventional radiological method so that hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy could be resumed with sufficient distribution over the entire liver. To our knowledge, such a problem involving a port‐catheter system implanted with the catheter tip fixation method and its management thereafter has not been reported in the published literature.     

儿科介入呼吸病学的历史 现状及展望

国内儿科呼吸内镜的开展要比成人晚10余年。1985年,我国儿科医院开始使用纤维支气管镜。20世纪90年代,首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院创建了国内首个儿科支气管镜室,国内开始建立对呼吸专业有重大意义的儿科气管镜方法。发展至今,支气管镜术在很多医院都成为了方法过关、安全可靠的有效诊疗手段,对支气管镜术在诊断中的需求性甚至和CT一样普及,特别是对呼吸系统重症和疑难病的诊断与治疗起到了巨大作用。未来,要将儿童介入呼吸病学发展为综合多学科的临床应用。     

Irreversible Electroporation of a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Lesion Adjacent to a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Stent Graft

We report in a 65-year-old man hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent-graft which was successfully treated with irreversible electroporation (IRE). IRE is a new non-thermal tissue ablation technique which uses electrical pulses to induce cell necrosis by irreversible membrane poration. IRE proved to be more advantageous in the ablation of perivascular tumor with little injury to the surrounding structures.