Comparative study of quality of life between the Chinese and Japanese adolescent populations

Researchers from Japan, China and Singapore have initiated a collaborative project, with the aim of comparing adolescent quality of life (QOL) internationally. This study presents the primary results of the investigation conducted in Beijing, China, and Kobe, Japan. The 70-item Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adolescents (QOLQA) was developed and evaluated in Japan and China. In total, 1114 Japanese and 613 Chinese junior high school students, aged 12-15 years, completed the questionnaire. Chinese students scored significantly higher than the Japanese students in overall QOL scores and in most domains. For both groups, subjects had highest score in the independence domain and lowest in psychological domain. In terms of overall QOL score, Chinese male students ranked first, followed by Chinese girls, Japanese boys, and Japanese girls. In the Japanese group, a continuing decrease of QOL scores with age was observed without exception, but no such tendency was present in their Chinese counterparts. No parallel relationship was observed between the higher level of economic development and better quality of life. The results also suggest that mental health promotion should be a priority in improving overall quality of life of adolescents both in Japan and China.     

头孢地嗪钠粉针剂治疗细菌性感染的双盲随机对照研究

目的　探讨头孢地嗪钠粉针剂 (珠海丽康医药有限公司生产 )的疗效和安全性。方法　采用随机、双盲、阳性药平行对照临床试验 ,将呼吸系统及泌尿系统感染患者随机分配接受由珠海丽康医药有限公司生产和山东鲁抗医药集团鲁原有限公司生产的头孢地嗪钠粉针剂(获国家药品准字号 )静脉给药治疗。结果　治疗结束后 2组呼吸系统感染和泌尿系统感染有效率、细菌消除率及 2组总的有效率和总的细菌消除率均无显著性差异。 2组不良反应发生率也无显著性差异 ,且均系轻度并呈一过性。结论　头孢地嗪钠粉针剂 (珠海丽康医药有限公司生产 )对敏感菌所致的呼吸道和泌尿道感染临床疗效肯定 ,不良反应均为轻度 ,值得在敏感细菌感染的治疗中推广应用。     

中、美药品委托生产比较

目的 :为进一步完善和规范我国药品委托生产提供借鉴。方法 :通过对中、美两国药品委托生产方面有关规定的比较 ,分析我国药品委托生产的现状及存在的问题。结果与结论 :我国目前应当积极借鉴发达国家的先进经验 ,进一步加强相关的法律法规制订。     

国际海员疾病发生与治疗的社会因素浅析

从３０００例国际海员疾病发生率原因着手,结合国际海员群体工作游动性和成员多国性的特点,从社会医学和心理医学角度,分析国际海员健康工作中存在的问题,并对如何实现国第员“人人享有卫生保健”提出初步见解。国际海员群体的特殊性及他们的健康问题值得中国及国际航海医学界和社会医学界的关注。     

Ⅱb期宫颈癌不同治疗方法效果的比较

 180例Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者接受了不同治疗方法,比较其五年生存率。结果显示:单纯体外放疗组30.0％;术后放疗组62.5％;体外加腔内根治剂量放疗且80.1％;术前放疗组88.0％。术前放疗组与单纯体外放疗组及术后放疗组比较,(P<0.01),与体外加腔内根治剂量放疗组比较,(P>0.05)。结论:单纯体外放疗不宜作为宫颈癌治疗常规方法,术前体外加腔内放疗可能有助于生存率提高。     

进一步规范国际中医药考试,提高从业人员业务水平

世界中医药学会联合会（简称:世界中联）是少数几个总部设在中国并由中国政府支持建立的国际学术组织。世界中联通过组织中医药国际考试,将我国成熟的标准,通过一定的程序转化为国际标准,并以标准规范国际中医药从业人员和从业机构是其重要任务之一。本文回顾了中医药国际考试历程,详细阐述了考试的定位与目标,考试标准体系的设计原则与框架,考试的管理体制, 以及相关考试资格审查与认定等。     

不同血细胞分析系统间检测结果的偏差评估及应用

目的 分析同一临床实验室不同型号的血细胞分析仪的性能特点，并对其检测结果进行评估，对有偏差的项目进行调整，使同一实验室不同型号的血细胞分析仪的检测结果具有可比性。方法 对本实验室所使用的Sysmex KX-21、Sysmex SE-9500和Beckman Coulter Ac．T 5diff三台血细胞分析仪的准确度、精密度、线性度分别进行评价，选定其中一台指标最优的仪器作为比对仪器，将另外两台仪器的血细胞参数进行调整。结果 因Sysmex KX-21的WBC、RBC、HGB及PLT四项指标的准确度、精密度、线性度均较理想，故选为比对仪器。Sysmex SE-6500和Beckman Coulter Ac．T 5diff有部分指标的部分评价项目与Svsmex KX-21有偏差。对有偏差的项目进行调整后，三台仪器的四项指标的相关系数的平方均不低于0．95。结论 同一实验室在使用不同型号的血细胞分析仪时，应对其进行相互校准。校准后，保证三台仪器的检测结果具有可比性。     

Impacts of Informal Caregiver Availability on Long-term Care Expenditures in OECD Countries

Objective. To quantify the effects of informal caregiver availability and public funding on formal long-term care (LTC) expenditures in developed countries.
Data Source/Study Setting. Secondary data were acquired for 15 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries from 1970 to 2000.
Study Design. Secondary data analysis, applying fixed- and random-effects models to time-series cross-sectional data. Outcome variables are inpatient or home heath LTC expenditures. Key explanatory variables are measures of the availability of informal caregivers, generosity in public funding for formal LTC, and the proportion of the elderly population in the total population.
Data Collection/Extraction Method. Aggregated macro data were obtained from OECD Health Data, United Nations Demographic Yearbooks, and U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base.
Principal Findings. Most of the 15 OECD countries experienced growth in LTC expenditures over the study period. The availability of a spouse caregiver, measured by male-to-female ratio among the elderly, is associated with a $28,840 (1995 U.S. dollars) annual reduction in formal LTC expenditure per additional elderly male. Availability of an adult child caregiver, measured by female labor force participation and full-time/part-time status shift, is associated with a reduction of $310 to $3,830 in LTC expenditures. These impacts on LTC expenditure vary across countries and across time within a country.
Conclusions. The availability of an informal caregiver, particularly a spouse caregiver, is among the most important factors explaining variation in LTC expenditure growth. Long-term care policies should take into account behavioral responses: decreased public funding in LTC may lead working women to leave the labor force to provide more informal care.     

''I found myself to be a down to earth Dutch girl'': a qualitative study into learning outcomes from international traineeships

OBJECTIVE: To explore learning outcomes from international traineeships for undergraduate medical students. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 undergraduate medical students at Maastricht University Medical School, The Netherlands. The 24 subjects were selected by purposeful sampling. RESULTS: Students reported meaningful learning outcomes in 6 domains: medical knowledge; skills; international health care organisation; international medical education; society and culture, and personal growth. DISCUSSION: International traineeships appear to provide good opportunities for students to meet the requirements of globalisation as well as some of the generic objectives of undergraduate medical education. The tentative findings of this study need to be confirmed by further studies.     

男、女用避孕套临床可接受性的比较

目的:比较男、女用避孕套的临床可接受性。方法:以40名健康育龄期妇女自愿者为研究对象,采用交叉设计,每人使用男女用避孕套各5个,每使用完一种后填写评价性调查表;使用完两种后,填写总结性调查表,对两种避孕套进行比较。结果:在避孕套的取出/取下、性生活中阴茎的插入、以及性生活中是否感觉不舒服(疼痛、烧灼感)等方面,对两种避孕套的评价基本相同。男用避孕套的主要优点是易学、易用,而女用避孕套可使性生活更有兴趣和感到更安全。总的说来,女性对使用两种避孕套的态度没有明显差异,而男性则比较喜欢使用男用避孕套。结论:通过适当的推广和改进,在我国会有一定比例的育龄妇女接受并使用女用避孕套。