Reimplantation of the aortic valve at 20 years

Objective

To provide additional information on clinical and echocardiographic outcomes after reimplantation of the aortic valve (RAV) in patients with aortic root aneurysm.

谈勇教授治疗卵巢功能不全性不孕症经验

谈勇教授以滋阴补阳方序贯为基础,结合女性生殖内分泌特点,衷中参西,未病先防,既病防变,治疗卵巢功能不全性不孕症.在辨病辨证之余,注重调体治病,强调个体化用药,同时不忘奇经在不孕症治疗中的作用,临床诊治本病取得较好的疗效.     

Current and future chemical therapies for treating anaemia in chronic kidney disease

Introduction: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are not perfect, since they have potential side effects. Iron therapy is also receiving growing attention in recent years.

Areas covered: We performed a literature search on PubMed using the following key words: anemia, chronic kidney disease, HIF stabilisers, sotatercept, actin traps, iron, iron-containing phosphate binders, iron dialysate. We reviewed new drugs that are under clinical development to obtain better safety and activity and/or easier and cheaper manufacturing processes in comparison to available ESAs. We also considered new strategies to increase iron stores.

Several phase 1 and 2 studies support the beneficial role of increasing Hypoxia Inducible factor (HIF) activity for stimulating endogenous erythropoiesis. Sotatercept and luspatercept, two activin traps, are undergoing clinical development mainly for indications other than CKD. They have the additional effect of improving osteoporosis. Iron-containing phosphate binders have become available recently.

Expert opinion: Several medical needs are unmet with ESA. HIF stabilisers are the most appealing drugs undergoing clinical development. They expose patients to lower levels of EPO than ESA, possibly reducing unintended effects. Their long-term safety is still to be demonstrated. One new iron-containing phosphate binders has the potential of combining two indications: hyperphosphoremia and iron deficiency, possibly improving compliance.     

咽成形术失败后再次手术后语音功能的评价

目的：客观评价咽成形术失败后语音障碍患者可以弥补治疗的方法。方法：对6例一期咽成形术后失败患者,再次实施咽后壁组织瓣转移术,术后进行详细观察和随访,并在术后4周开始吹气训练、行为疗法、语音治疗;对每例患者术前、语音治疗前后行汉语语音清晰度、吹气和冷镜检查,同时用CSL比较其音声特征的变化。结果：6例患者术后供区和受区伤口均一期愈合,聘咽闭合功能(VPC)明显改善,经语音治疗后,患者的语音清晰度达到或接近正常。结论：咽成形术失败后再次手术能补救一期咽成形术后失败的部分病例,除应该严格掌握咽成形术失败后再次手术的适应证外,术者熟练的操作技能也非常重要,同时术后语音治疗必不可少。     

不同估算肾小球滤过率的老年肺部感染患者病原学和炎性指标特征及其与不良预后的关系研究

背景　肺部感染多发于老年人,常以共病的形式存在,有研究显示肾功能可能会影响肺部感染患者的预后,但具体的微生物学改变机制仍不清楚,且目前国内关于该项研究的报道较少。目的　探讨不同估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）的老年肺部感染患者特定病原学易感性及免疫系统功能改变与肺部感染不良预后的关系。方法　选择2017年1月至2019年12月,解放军总医院第二医学中心以肺部感染收住院的老年患者（年龄>65岁）514例为研究对象。收集患者一般情况（性别、年龄）,既往病史（慢性肾脏病、糖尿病、血脂异常、慢性心力衰竭）,入院后首次生化学检查〔血尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（Scr）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、血白蛋白、eGFR〕、血常规〔血红蛋白、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、血小板计数、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）〕、病原微生物学（痰培养结果）指标。对所有研究对象进行为期90 d的电话随访,根据患者随访期间转归情况,分为生存组及死亡组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨肺部感染患者全因死亡的影响因素;绘制eGFR预测老年肺部感染患者发生死亡事件的受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）,并根据其最佳截断值将患者分为两组,分析两组患者病原微生物及炎性指标的分布情况。结果　514例患者中68例患者（13.2%）在住院期间死亡。死亡组患者年龄、合并慢性肾脏病比例、BUN、Scr、AST、ALT、白细胞计数、NLR高于生存组,白蛋白水平、eGFR、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞百分比低于生存组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄〔OR=1.092,95%CI（1.027,1.162）〕、ALT〔OR=1.013,95%CI（1.001,1.026）〕、白蛋白水平〔OR=0.814,95%CI（0.759,0.873）〕、eGFR〔OR=0.974,95%CI（0.961,0.988）〕、白细胞计数〔OR=1.116,95%CI（1.030,1.210）〕、淋巴细胞百分比〔OR=0.011,95%CI（0,0.521）〕是老年肺部感染患者全因死亡的影响因素（P<0.05）。eGFR预测老年肺部感染患者发生死亡事件的ROC曲线下面积为0.614,最佳截断值为47 ml•min-1•（1.73 m2）-1,灵敏度为36.8%,特异度为84.3%。eGFR<47 ml•min-1•（1.73 m2）-1组患者肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、真菌感染比例高于eGFR≥47 ml•min-1•（1.73 m2）-1组,铜绿假单胞菌感染比例低于eGFR≥47 ml•min-1•（1.73 m2）-1组（P<0.05）。eGFR<47 ml•min-1•（1.73 m2）-1患者中性粒细胞百分比、NLR高于eGFR≥47 ml•min-1•（1.73 m2）-1组,淋巴细胞百分比、血小板计数低于eGFR≥47 ml•min-1•（1.73 m2）-1组（P<0.05）。结论　eGFR低的患者免疫功能的改变和对金黄色葡萄球菌感染的易感性,可能是老年肺部感染预后恶化的潜在原因。     

BAG3-Related Myofibrillar Myopathy Presenting as Hypercapnia:A Case Report and Literature Review

Objective BAG3-related myopathy is a rare condition so far reported in twenty patients worldwide.The purpose of this study was to draw attention to this rare disease and to the fact that BAG3-related myopathy should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis of hypercapnia.Methods We report a sporadic case of a 14-year-old Chinese girl with a de novo p.Pro209Leu mutation in BAG3 and reviewed the literatures for reported cases related to this mutation.Results We described a 14-year-old Chinese girl who presented with gradually appearing symptoms of hypercapnia that required assisted ventilation.The muscle biopsy and the blood whole-exome sequencing results confirmed the diagnosis of myofibrillar myopathy with a de novo p.Pro209Leu mutation in BAG3.Totally twenty-one patients from twenty families with a confirmed diagnosis of BAG3-related myopathy were reported to date,including this patient and literature review.The male to female ratio was 11 :10 and most showed initial symptoms in the first decade of life.Most patients presented toe/clumsy walking or running as the onset symptom,followed by muscle weakness or atrophy.Creatine kinase levels were elevated in fourteen patients and were normal in three.Eighteen patients developed respiratory insufficiency during the disease course and thirteen (one could not tolerate non-invasive assisted ventilation) required non-invasive assisted ventilation for treatment.Except for one not reported,heart involvement was found in seventeen patients during the disease course and seven underwent heart transplantation.Z-disk streaming and aggregation could be observed in most of the patients' muscle histology.In the long-term follow-up,five patients died of cardiac or respiratory failure.Conclusion BAG3-associated myopathy is a rare type of myofibrillar myopathy.It should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis of hypercapnia.     

High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy Irish adults

Background  Specific sub-groups of the population, such as older people, are at increased risk of poor vitamin D status. There is growing evidence, however, that vitamin D insufficiency may be a more widespread problem. Aim  To determine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in a group of healthy Irish adults. Methods  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by radioimmunoassay in 70 healthy Irish adults working in South Dublin. Results  Overall, half of the group (51%) had vitamin D insufficiency; this was more pronounced in wintertime, with prevalence rising to 58%. Winter was a significant negative predictor of serum 25-OH D levels. Sixteen percent of the participants reported taking a vitamin D-containing supplement (multivitamin), but this did not significantly influence the serum 25-OH D levels. Conclusion  Vitamin D insufficiency is not confined to “at-risk groups” and is likely to be prevalent in the general public in Ireland, especially in wintertime.     

盐酸倍他司汀治疗眩晕的临床观察

目的探讨盐酸倍他司汀粉针剂治疗椎-基底动脉供血不足引发眩晕临床疗效。方法对45例椎-基底动脉供血不足引发眩晕的患者给予盐酸倍他司汀治疗10d。于治疗前后应用TCD观察椎动脉（VA）和基底动脉（BA）的平均血流速度（Vm）、血管搏动指数（PI）、血管阻力指数（RI）,与用丹参治疗的对照组45例患者进行比较。结果治疗前后TCD显示血流速度有明显改善。PI及RI值显著低于治疗前,临床症状明显改善。结论盐酸倍他司汀对椎-基底动脉供血不足引发的眩晕有显著疗效,是一种安全有效的药物。     

肝郁脾虚证大鼠模型的建立与评价

目的 通过动物行为学、宏观表征、尿D-木糖排泄率确证慢性束缚应激方法 造成大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型.方法 60只大鼠随机等分为3组,对照组、模型组和逍遥散组.通过以下三方面对此模型评价:①对大鼠宏观表征、食量、体重、粪便变化及反映小肠吸收功能的尿D-木糖排泄率检测;②利用Noldus公司的行为学设备(The Observer 5.0分析软件),对大鼠旷场实验进行分析,了解大鼠的焦虑、抑郁程度,验证模型是否成功;③以方测证:逍遥散的调节作用.结果 模型组大鼠由初次束缚时反抗不安,逐步转变为神态倦怠、烦躁、毛发枯黄散乱无光泽、大便稀溏等;模型组大鼠体重增长缓慢;尿D-木糖排泄率逐渐降低;第7天开始穿格数、站立次数、修饰次数均有下降趋势,第21天达到最低点.而逍遥散有显著的治疗调节作用.结论 本实验利用慢性束缚方法 造成大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型,模拟郁怒日久、木郁乘土、肝郁脾虚的病理演变过程,成功复制出大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型.     

补肾活血汤治疗心理精神因素所致卵巢储备功能减退的临床观察

目的观察补肾活血汤对心理精神因素所致卵巢储备功能减退(DOR)患者的疗效。方法将60例心理精神因素所致DOR患者随机分为2组,治疗组30例予补肾活血汤口服,对照组30例予激素替代疗法,2组均治疗3个月。观察2组治疗前后临床症状改善情况,治疗前后卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成激素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)及窦卵泡数(AFC)、卵巢直径(OVD)、卵巢基质血流阻力指数(RI)的变化;观察比较2组治疗后中医证候疗效及综合疗效,统计不良反应发生情况。结果 2组治疗后各项中医症状积分均较治疗前降低(P0.05),治疗组治疗后腰膝痠软症状积分低于对照组(P0.05)。2组治疗后FSH均降低(P0.01),E_2均升高(P0.05),治疗组治疗后LH下降(P0.01),2组治疗后FSH、LH比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组治疗后AFC均增加、RI均降低(P0.01),2组治疗后AFC、RI比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组治疗前后OVD比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组治疗后中医证候疗效及综合疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组治疗期间未见明显不良反应。结论补肾活血汤具有改善心理精神因素所致DOR患者临床症状及调经的作用;能降低FSH、LH水平,升高E_2水平,促进卵泡发育,改善卵巢血供,从而使卵巢功能得到改善。