高龄重度急性左心衰竭并呼吸衰竭患者的机械通气治疗

目的　总结在高龄重度急性左心衰竭（ALVF）合并急性呼吸衰竭（ARF）患者应用机械通气治疗的临床经验。方法　回顾性总结10年间102例高龄重度ALVF并ARF患者应用机械通气治疗的方式、好转率、病死率和合并症,并将合并Ⅰ型ARF（ARF-Ⅰ）（42例）和Ⅱ型ARF（ARF-Ⅱ）（60例）两组患者资料进行比较。结果　102例115次机械通气途径经鼻面罩给氧18次,经鼻插管68次,经口插管29次;通气方式容量控制115次,压力控制25次,稳定气道正压(CPAP)26次,呼气终末加压(PEEP)45次。病情好转率在全部病人、ARF-Ⅰ和ARF-Ⅱ组分别是60.8%,69.0%和55.0%（两组比较P<0.05）;病死率分别是39.2%,30.9%,45.0%（两组比较P<0.05）。用呼吸机过程中的主要合并症在全部病人为心律失常37.3%,低血压35.3%,肺感染34.3%,消化道出血31.4%,酸碱失衡20.6%,张力性气胸2.9%。两组比较显示ARF-Ⅱ组病情重,病死率高,合并症多。结论　高龄重度ALVF并ARF患者机械通气治疗难度大,风险高,但只要严格掌握适应征及合适的通气方式,注意防治合并症,仍可以取得良好疗效,挽救大部分患者的生命。     

经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术在上尿路梗阻的应用

目的介绍B超引导下经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术（mPCN）在上尿路梗阻性疾病的临床应用。方法 54例上尿路梗阻的患者采用B超经皮肾穿刺微造瘘术（mPCN）引流尿液后,再根据病因、梗阻部位、肾功能状态、有无继发感染、患者的基本状态等进一步决定治疗方案。结果 14例肾功能衰竭患者肾功能明显改善,46例通过手术取出结石,3例矫形解除狭窄,5例患肾无功能采取肾切除术。结论 B超引导经皮肾微造瘘术可以迅速引流尿液,改善肾功能,控制感染,有助于进一步完善检查,判断患肾的功能及预后,为制定治疗方案提供依据,用于早期处理上尿路梗阻性病变是一种安全、有效、简单、经济的方法。     

双侧肾上腺结核误诊肾上腺肿瘤一例

我国肾上腺结核仍是原发性肾上腺皮质功能不全（primary adrenal insufficiency,PAI）也称Addison病的主要原因。本文探讨如何诊断早期肾上腺结核,降低误诊率,以利最大限度保留残余肾上腺功能。     

Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio in Pregnant Women with Low Blood Vitamin D Concentrations Is Associated with Neonatal Anthropometric Data

Existing evidence on the correlation between maternal vitamin D concentrations and birth outcomes is conflicting. Investigation of these associations requires accurate assessment of vitamin D status, especially in individuals with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. This study examined the correlations between birth outcomes and the maternal vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) 1 (defined as the ratio of 24,25(OH)₂D₃ to 25(OH)D) and VMR2 (defined as the ratio of 3-epi-25(OH)D₃ to 25(OH)D) using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study at Chiba Regional Center. A total of 297 mother–neonate pairs were analyzed. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we measured 25(OH)D₂, 25(OH)D₃, 24,25(OH)₂D₃, and 3-epi-25(OH)D₃ concentrations in maternal serum samples. These data were analyzed in relation to birth anthropometric data using multivariable linear regression. Of the study participants, 85.2% showed insufficient vitamin D concentrations. VMR1 was strongly correlated with 25(OH)D concentrations, whereas VMR2 showed a weak correlation. Only VMR2 was associated with all anthropometric data. VMR2 in pregnant women with low vitamin D blood concentrations is a useful marker for neonatal anthropometric data and is independent of 25(OH)D. Accurate measurement of vitamin D metabolites could help better understand the effects of vitamin D on birth outcomes.     

脑循环治疗仪治疗椎一基底动脉供血不足眩晕的效果观察

目的观察脑循环治疗仪治疗椎一基底动脉供血不足眩晕的临床疗效。方法 90例基底动脉供血不足眩晕的患者,采用脑循环治疗仪进行治疗。结果经过治疗后分别于3 d、5 d和1周进行效果评价,总有效率达93%。结论脑循环治疗仪治疗仪可改善椎-基底动脉供血不足眩晕症状。     

中西医结合治疗卵巢储备功能减退患者成功妊娠二例并文献复习

卵巢储备功能减退（diminished ovarian reserve,DOR）是卵巢因素所致不孕症的主要原因之一,西医临床治疗方法主要依赖于口服提高卵巢储备功能的药物、人工激素周期替代疗法和辅助生殖技术助孕,中医运用补肾健脾法治疗DOR具有不良反应少、疗效持久、治疗手段多样化等优势。报告2例在常规西医治疗基础上应用中医补肾健脾法综合治疗DOR患者成功妊娠的情况,强调个体化中西医结合治疗方案对于解决疑难病证的重要性,为临床应用中医药治疗DOR患者提供证据。     

缩窄性心包炎患者行心包剥脱术后的心功能维护

目的 促进缩窄性心包炎患者行心包剥脱术后心功能恢复。方法 针对33例行心包剥脱术的缩窄性心包炎患者术后出现的心功能不全甚至急性心力衰竭,以及困难脱机等临床表现,实施精细化管理出入量,合理使用正性肌力药物及机械装置,保持气道通畅,加强急性心功能不全的救护等措施。结果 术后发生右心功能不全12例,低心排综合征10例,再次气管插管4例。本组患者呼吸机使用时间4～943 h(中位数45 h),ICU停留时间1～42 d(中位数4 d)。31例康复出院,2例因再次心脏手术后并发严重并发症自动转院。结论 缩窄性心包炎患者心包剥脱术后易并发心功能不全,术后全方位综合护理有利于患者心功能恢复。     

Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Carcinoma Presenting with Leg Edema Treated with Pancreatic Exocrine Replacement Therapy

An 89-year-old woman underwent examinations for leg edema. Blood tests indicated low nutrition and low pancreatic enzymes, and a stool examination indicated fatty stool. Computed tomography showed pleural effusion, ascites, and cystic lesions in the pancreatic head and mural nodules within the cysts. Pancreatic juice cytology revealed adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis was pancreatic exocrine insufficiency caused by intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma. The patient did not wish to undergo surgery. Therefore, diuretics, component nutrients, and pancreatic exocrine replacement therapy using pancrelipase were initiated. After starting treatment, her leg edema, pleural effusion, and ascites disappeared, and her activities of daily living improved markedly.     

脑桥梗死部位与椎基底动脉狭窄或闭塞的关系

目的 探讨脑桥梗死部位与椎基底动脉狭窄或闭塞之间的关系.方法 连续入选2005年2月至2007年9月收住北京宣武医院神经内科的新发脑桥部梗死患者139例,所有病例均行头部MRI以及全脑血管造影检查,排除有可疑心源性栓子来源的患者.将病例分为A(旁中央动脉组)、B(短旋动脉组)、C(长旋动脉组)、D(混合组)4组,并对各组进行与椎动脉、基底动脉狭窄或闭塞以及无血管病变的相关性研究.结果 139例患者中A、B、C、D组各占78(56.1%)、3(2.2%)、7(5.0%)、51(36.7%)例.左或右侧椎动脉闭塞者56例(40.3%),左或右椎动脉狭窄者60例(43.2%),基底动脉闭塞者14例(10.1%),基底动脉狭窄者14例(10.1%),无后循环血管改变者16例(11.5%).A组与椎动脉闭塞、基底动脉闭塞及无血管病变者相关,x2值分别为3.945、6.824、4.485,P值分别为0.043、0.021、O.041.D组与基底动脉闭塞相关,x2值为10.952,P值为0.006.对以上两者进行Logistic回归分析,发现A组与椎动脉闭塞更相关(OR值为2.261),D组与基底动脉闭塞更相关(OR值为15.750).结论 脑桥不同部位的梗死与椎基底动脉的狭窄或闭塞关系密切,提示临床医生在遇到相关病例时,应提高警惕,及时做血管检查.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the correlation between stenosis or occlusion of vertebralbasilar artery and the location of infarctions in pontine. Methods All 139 patients with acute pontine infarction who were admitted to the Department of Neurology,Xuanwu Hospital,Beijing,during February,2005 and September,2007 were studied. All patients received the examinations of head MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Patients with possible cardiac embolism were excluded from the study. All the cases were then divided into four groups: A( paracentral artery group); B (short rotary artery group); C (long rotary artery group) and D (combined group). Results In all 139 cases,78 cases (56. 1% ) were in A group,3 (2. 2% ) in B group,7 (5.0%) in C group and 51 (36.7%) in D group. Fifty-six cases (40. 3% ) have occlusion in vertebral artery,60 cases (43.2%) have stenosis of vertebral artery. Cases having stenosis or occlusion in basilar artery are 14 cases (10. 1% ) each. Sixteen cases (11.5%) have unimpaired vertebral-basilar artery. A group is related to occlusion of vertebral artery and basilar artery and unimpaired artery ( x2 =3. 945,6. 824,4. 485 ,P = 0. 043,0. 021,0. 041 respectively). D group is related to occlusion of basilar artery ( x2 = 10. 952,P = 0. 006). Logistic binary analysis found that A group is more related with occlusion of vertebral artery ( OR = 2. 261 ),while D group is more related to occlusion of basilar artery ( OR = 15. 750). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between stenosis or occlusion of vertebral-basilar artery and the locations of infarctions in pontine. The physicians are suggested to perform the examinations on cerebral vessels such as brain MRI or DSA in patients with infarctions in pontine.