酸枣仁总皂苷改善对氯苯丙氨酸诱导失眠大鼠模型学习记忆损伤机制的研究

目的 基于代谢组学技术考察酸枣仁总皂苷（total saponins of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,SZSS）对失眠大鼠内源性代谢物的影响,并探讨酸枣仁总皂苷改善学习记忆的药效及其作用机制。方法 采用对氯苯丙氨酸（DL-4-chlorophenylalanine,PCPA）诱导大鼠失眠模型,给予地西泮和酸枣仁总皂苷干预后,进行旷场实验及Morris水迷宫实验;采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察海马组织病理变化;采用ELISA测定海马组织5-羟色氨（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）、γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）及NO （nitric oxide,NO）水平。利用UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS技术对大鼠海马组织代谢轮廓进行分析,结合多元统计分析筛选差异性代谢物,并基于MetaboAnalyst 5.0数据库进行代谢通路及代谢网络分析,多角度探讨酸枣仁总皂苷改善学习记忆的代谢特征及作用途径。结果 与模型组比较,酸枣仁总皂苷组大鼠学习能力显著提高（P<0.05、0.01）,海马组织病理结构明显改善,海马组织中5-HT、GABA及NO水平显著升高（P<0.05、0.01）;代谢组学共鉴定出18种与学习记忆损伤相关的潜在生物标志物,酸枣仁总皂苷主要通过苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸等7条主要氨基酸代谢通路发挥改善记忆损伤的作用。结论 酸枣仁总皂苷能够通过回调海马组织内源性差异代谢物,并调控相关氨基酸代谢通路,从而改善失眠引起学习记忆减退。     

复方刺五加糖浆治疗心脾两虚型更年期妇女不寐的研究

目的观察复方刺五加糖浆治疗心脾两虚型更年期妇女不寐的疗效。方法将60例心脾两虚型更年期妇女失眠患者随机分为2组。治疗组30例采用复方刺五加糖浆治疗,口服20 mL,每日早晚各1次;对照组30例口服舒乐安定片。10 d为1个疗程,2个疗程后观察2组患者的临床综合疗效、中医证候疗效、睡眠质量改善情况及不良反应。结果治疗组临床综合疗效优于对照组(P<0.05),中医证候疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.01),睡眠质量改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05),且无不良反应。结论复方刺五加糖浆治疗心脾两虚型更年期妇女不寐临床疗效较好,可有效改善睡眠深度和质量。     

rTMS及CBT-I对慢性失眠障碍患者治疗效果的随机对照研究

背景 目前,药物疗法是失眠障碍的一线治疗手段,但仍然存在着一定的不良反应。与药物治疗相比,重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）和失眠的认知行为治疗（CBT-I）的不良反应较少、患者耐受性较好。目的 探讨rTMS与CBT-I治疗慢性失眠障碍的效果,以期为慢性失眠障碍患者提供更优的治疗方案。方法 选取2020年9月21日—2021年12月16日在内蒙古自治区精神卫生中心门诊或社区医院就诊的、符合《国际睡眠障碍分类第三版》（ICSD-3）诊断标准的慢性失眠障碍患者（n=50）,同期在社区招募与患者组年龄和性别相匹配的健康人作为对照组（n=16）。采用随机数字表法将慢性失眠障碍患者分为rTMS组与CBT-I组各25例,分别接受为期6周的rTMS或CBT-I干预。于干预前和干预后,慢性失眠障碍患者接受多导睡眠监测（PSG）以及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、失眠严重程度指数量表（ISI）、重复性成套神经心理状态测验（RBANS）评定。对患者组和对照组进行静息态磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）扫描,并进行静息态低频振幅（ALFF）分析。将患者组和对照组ALFF值差异有统计学意义的脑区作为感兴趣区域（ROI）,将其作为种子点与患者全脑进行功能连接分析。结果 rTMS组和CBT-I组的PSQI评分、ISI评分以及RBANS中的即刻记忆、言语功能、延时记忆维度评分的时间效应均有统计学意义（F=41.160、69.615、47.923、12.090、28.193,P均<0.05）;两组总睡眠时间的时间效应、睡眠效率的时间效应和组别效应以及N1%的时间效应均有统计学意义（F=8.995、12.414、4.342、7.806,P均<0.05）。干预后,CBT-I组睡眠效率高于干预前（t=-2.785,P<0.05）。rTMS组眶部额上回与左侧豆状壳核（t=4.991,P<0.05）、右内侧和旁扣带回（t=4.471,P<0.05）和右侧中央后回（t=4.922,P<0.05）之间的功能连接增强,CBT-I组眶部额上回与左侧额中回之间的功能连接增强（t=6.586,P<0.05）。结论 rTMS及CBT-I可能有助于改善慢性失眠障碍患者的失眠情况和认知功能。     

针灸治疗药物依赖型失眠患者的疗效分析

目的 :探求一种既能戒除失眠患者对药物的依赖性 ,又能提高其睡眠质量的方法。方法 :对 32例药物依赖型失眠患者的某些特定穴 (如四神聪、安眼穴、睡眠区、心俞、肝俞等 )进行针刺 ,经治 6个疗程后 ,将治疗前后的睡眠指数和临床症状进行比较。结果及结论 :治疗前后睡眠指数和临床症状比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,说明针刺某些特定穴具有戒减催眠药和提高睡眠质量的作用     

针刺治疗脑卒中后失眠疗效观察

目的对针刺治疗脑卒中后失眠症的临床疗效进行评价。方法64例患者随机分为两组,针刺组32例,采用针刺治疗;对照组32例,采用口服安定类药物治疗。用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）及临床疗效比较两组睡眠改善情况。结果治疗前两组间PSQI得分无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,治疗后两组PSQI得分较治疗前均有明显减低（P〈0.05）,且针刺组优于对照组（P〈0.05）。临床疗效比较,针刺组有效率96.88%,对照组81.25%,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论针刺治疗脑卒中后失眠疗效显著,安全可靠。     

彭筱平教授治疗失眠经验

失眠是现代人常见的一种疾病,虽不致命但严重影响人们的生活质量,现代医学中多用药物治疗失眠,辅助心理治疗、物理治疗等,药物治疗病情容易反复,停药后容易出现反弹或加重等情况,物理及心理治疗适用人群极为有限,难以从根本解决失眠的问题,故而从中医中药上寻求帮助.彭筱平教授熟读《黄帝内经》《伤寒论》等经典著作,从阴阳角度提出了治...     

The contribution of dispositional optimism to understanding insomnia symptomatology: Findings from a cross‐sectional population study in Austria

Attitudes and expectations of people towards their lives are essential to future health outcomes. Growing evidence has linked dispositional optimism to beneficial health outcomes, such as exceptional longevity, healthy aging and better sleep quality. We describe the association between dispositional optimism and chronic insomnia, considering potential mediators, in the Austrian Sleep Survey (N = 1,004), a population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in 2017. Optimism was measured using the validated Life Orientation Test‐Revised, and four different definitions were used to assess chronic insomnia. Three definitions were based on the criteria of chronic insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edn). Age‐ and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among Austrians who were more optimistic, chronic insomnia risk was lower compared with those less optimistic (middle versus bottom tertile of optimism score: OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.22–0.70; and top versus bottom tertile: OR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.14–0.54; p‐trend < .001). Results were similar for all four definitions of insomnia, and differed slightly between men and women. Happiness, depression and health status confounded the association, whereas lifestyle did not. Promoting dispositional optimism could represent a simple and accessible strategy to improve sleep quality and lower insomnia risk, with downstream beneficial health effects. Further research is needed to clarify the prevention potential of interventions targeting this mental trait.     

Treating insomnia in Swiss primary care practices: A survey study based on case vignettes

Guidelines recommend cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) as first‐line treatment for chronic insomnia, but it is not clear how many primary care physicians (PCPs) in Switzerland prescribe this treatment. We created a survey that asked PCPs how they would treat chronic insomnia and how much they knew about CBT‐I. The survey included two case vignettes that described patients with chronic insomnia, one with and one without comorbid depression. PCPs also answered general questions about treating chronic insomnia and about CBT‐I and CBT‐I providers. Of the 820 Swiss PCPs we invited, 395 (48%) completed the survey (mean age 54 years; 70% male); 87% of PCPs prescribed sleep hygiene and 65% phytopharmaceuticals for the patient who had only chronic insomnia; 95% prescribed antidepressants for the patient who had comorbid depression. In each case, 20% of PCPs prescribed benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine receptor agonists, 8% prescribed CBT‐I, 68% said they knew little about CBT‐I, and 78% did not know a CBT‐I provider. In the clinical case vignettes, most PCPs treated chronic insomnia with phytopharmaceuticals and sleep hygiene despite their lack of efficacy, but PCPs rarely prescribed CBT‐I, felt they knew little about it, and usually knew no CBT‐I providers. PCPs need more information about the benefits of CBT‐I and local CBT‐I providers and dedicated initiatives to implement CBT‐I in order to reduce the number of patients who are prescribed ineffective or potentially harmful medications.     

Associations between objective afternoon and evening physical activity and objective sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and insomnia

Patients with fibromyalgia (FM) suffer from chronic pain, which limits physical activity and is associated with disturbed sleep. However, the relationship between physical activity, pain and sleep is unclear in these patients. This study examined whether actigraphic (Actiwatch‐2, Philips Respironics) afternoon and evening activity and pain are associated with actigraphic sleep. Adults with FM and insomnia complaints (n = 160, mean age [M_age] = 52, SD = 12, 94% female) completed 14 days of actigraphy. Activity levels (i.e., activity counts per minute) were recorded, and average afternoon/evening activity for intervals 12:00–3:00 PM, 3:00–6:00 PM and 6:00–9:00 PM was computed. Multiple linear regressions examined whether afternoon/evening activity, pain (daily evening diaries from 0 [no pain sensation] to 100 [most intense pain imaginable]), or their interaction, predicted sleep onset latency (SOL), wake time after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Greater afternoon activity was independently associated with lower SE (B = ?0.08, p < .001), lower TST (β = ?0.36, standard error [SE] = 0.06, p < .001) and longer WASO (B = 0.34, p < .001). Greater early evening activity was independently associated with lower SE (B = ?0.06, p < .001), lower TST (β = ?0.26, SE = 0.06, p < .001) and longer WASO (B = 0.23, p < .001). Self‐reported pain intensity interacted with afternoon and early evening physical activity, such that associations between higher activity and lower SE were stronger for individuals reporting higher pain. Late evening activity was not associated with sleep outcomes. Results suggest that in FM, increased afternoon and early evening physical activity is associated with sleep disturbance, and this relationship is stronger in individuals with higher pain.