Hemodialysis in schizophrenia

Summary Therapeutic trials with hemodialysis have been performed in three cases of chronic schizophrenia. The severely ill patients had been hospitalized for more than ten years and had not responded to different types of conventional somatic treatment. Psychopathology was evaluated by use of the IMPS, BPRS, and NOSIE scales. No improvement could be observed as a consequence of 12 (11 in one case) hemodialysis treatments. Rather, some deterioration occurred in two of the patients. This result is not in accord with the markedly positive findings of Wagemaker and Cade (1977). However, further studies appear necessary to render final conclusions.Supported by a Stipendium of the Fritz-Thyssen-Foundation, Cologne     

雷公藤对荷肝癌(H22)小鼠的抑瘤作用的实验研究

目的:探讨中药雷公藤治疗实验性肝癌的疗效.方法:建立荷实体型肝癌(H22)小鼠模型,观察经雷公藤治疗对其肿瘤生长的影响.结果:雷公藤能显著抑制肿瘤的生长,其抑瘤率达35.46%.结论:雷公藤有明显的抗肿瘤作用.     

电针配合灸天突穴治疗慢性单纯性咽炎疗效观察

目的观察电针配合灸天突穴治疗慢性单纯性咽炎的临床疗效。方法将122例慢性单纯性咽炎患者随机分为治疗组59例和对照组60例。治疗组采用电针配合灸天突穴治疗,对照组采用药物治疗。疗程结束后比较两组总有效率。结果治疗组总有效率为98.3%,对照组为76.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论电针配合灸天突穴是一种治疗慢性单纯性咽炎的有效方法。     

小檗碱通过激活Nrf2-HO-1/GPX4通路抑制小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞的铁死亡

目的探讨小檗碱对于Erastin诱导小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞的铁死亡的保护作用及其可能机制。方法以HT22小鼠海马神经元细胞为研究对象，分为对照组、Erastin模型组、Erastin+30 μmol/L BBR组、Erastin+60 μmol/L BBR组。采用CCK-8法、特异性Fe²⁺荧光探针、荧光染料（DAPI）检测和荧光探针（H2DCFH-DA）检测各实验组细胞的增殖情况、活性铁水平、细胞凋亡和活性氧（ROS）变化。RT-qPCR和Western blot分别检测各实验组细胞的Nrf2、HO-1、GPX4 mRNA和蛋白表达情况。以60 μmol BBR的最适浓度来进一步探究其作用机制，分为对照组、Erastin模型组、Erastin+60 μmol/L BBR组、Erastin+60 μmol/L BBR+2 μmol Nrf2抑制剂ML385组。通过使用荧光探针和Western blot检测Nrf2抑制剂（ML385）作用后的活性铁的水平、活性氧含量以及Nrf2、HO-1、GPX4蛋白的表达来验证小檗碱调节的Nrf2-HO-1/GPX4通路对Erastin处理的HT22细胞的保护作用。结果0.5 μmol/L Erastin作用于HT22细胞8 h，细胞存活率与对照组相比显著被抑制（P < 0.05）；同时细胞凋亡、ROS以及活性铁含量增加（P < 0.05）。与Erastin组比较，Erastin+30 μmol/L BBR组和Erastin+60 μmol/L BBR组的细胞存活率明显升高（P < 0.05），同时显著降低细胞凋亡、ROS以及活性铁含量（P < 0.05）。小檗碱增加HT22细胞中Nrf2、HO-1、GPX4基因及蛋白的表达量（P < 0.05）。加入Nrf2抑制剂ML385后，Nrf2-HO-1/GPX4通路被抑制，并且ROS以及活性铁含量升高（P < 0.05）。结论Erastin诱导HT22细胞发生铁死亡，小檗碱抑制Erastin诱导的铁死亡，可能机制是激活了Nrf2-HO-1/GPX4通路。     

木蹄层孔菌石油醚组分的成分分析及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:分析木蹄层孔菌(Fomes fomentarius)石油醚组分中甾醇和三萜类等成分及其主要抗肿瘤活性物质。方法:采用95%乙醇回流提取法及拌硅胶淋洗方法得到木蹄层孔菌的石油醚组分。用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对石油醚组分甾体和三萜类成分进行分析和鉴定并计算出其含量。用硅胶柱色谱法分离纯化含量最高的7,22-二烯麦角甾-3-酮。采用Alamar Blue法进行体外抗肿瘤活性检测。结果:从木蹄层孔菌石油醚组分中检测出37个成分,鉴定了其中的35个成分,包括10种甾体和三萜类成分。其主要成分为:7,22-二烯麦角甾-3-酮(37.67%)和5,24(28)-二烯麦角甾-3-醇(27.01%)。石油醚组分对细胞株NCI-H460的IC50为75μg.mL-1,7,22-二烯麦角甾-3-酮对细胞株NCI-H460的IC50为30μg.mL-1,抗肿瘤活性与单体浓度存在明显的量效关系。结论:木蹄层孔菌石油醚组分主要成分为7,22-二烯麦角甾-3-酮和5,24(28)-二烯麦角甾-3-醇,抗肿瘤活性物质最高的为7,22-二烯麦角甾-3-酮。研究结果为木蹄层孔菌的进一步开发提供了依据。     

不同证候H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤ABC转运蛋白家族基因转录特征

目的:观察不同证候H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织ABC转运蛋白家族基因表达的特征。方法:对来源于早期邪毒壅盛和单纯气虚、中期阳气虚和中晚期气阴阳虚四种证候小鼠H22肿瘤组织4张Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Exon 1.0 STArray数据标准化处理后,筛选其中的ABC转运蛋白基因进行差异分析。结果:从芯片中共筛选出与ABC转运蛋白有关的基因47个,以邪毒壅盛小鼠肿瘤基因转录最活跃,气虚次之,阳气虚最低;四种常见证候间共有25个基因转录具有明显差异;Abce1和Abcf1等7个基因中在四种常见证候肿瘤中转录水平最高。结论:Tap1(Abcb2)和Abcd2等6个高表达基因可能是邪毒壅盛型小鼠肿瘤增长快的重要因素;不同证候荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织中的ABC转运蛋白基因转录既存在一定共性又存在很大差异,进一步证明了H22荷瘤小鼠证候客观存在的物质基础,为中医辨证论治提供分子依据。     

Human Cytochrome P450 Family 4 Enzymes: Function,Genetic Variation and Regulation

The microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) family 4 monooxygenases are the major fatty acid ω-hydroxylases. These enzymes remove excess free fatty acids to prevent lipotoxicity, catabolize leukotrienes and prostanoids, and also produce bioactive metabolites from arachidonic acid ω-hydroxylation. In addition to endogenous substrates, recent evidence indicates that CYP4 monooxygenases can also metabolize xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs. This review focuses on human CYP4 enzymes and updates current knowledge concerning catalytic activity profiles, genetic variation and regulation of expression. Comparative differences between the human and rodent CYP4 enzymes regarding catalytic function and conditional expression are also discussed.     

扶正抑瘤颗粒对小鼠H22肿瘤细胞凋亡及p53和Caspase-3基因表达的影响

目的 研究扶正抑瘤颗粒(FYK)对小鼠H22肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用,及其对细胞凋亡和p53、Caspase-3基因表达的影响。方法 用体内实验观察FYK对H22瘤株的抑瘤率,流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率和细胞周期,反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法测定野生型p53(Wtp53)和Caspase-3的mRNA表达情况。结果 12g／kg、24g／kg FYK均能显著抑制小鼠H22肿瘤细胞的生长,最高抑瘤率为51．24％(P<0．01)。流式细胞术检测表明,FYK显著提高H22肿瘤细胞的凋亡率,最高为15．84％(P<0．01);肿瘤细胞阻滞在G0／G1期,S期细胞比率降低;RT-PCR实验表明,FYK可显著上调p53和Caspase-3 mRNA的表达水平。结论 FYK能显著抑制小鼠H22肿瘤细胞生长,其抗肿瘤机制与诱导细胞凋亡,调控细胞周期,促进Wt p53与Caspase-3基因的表达有关。     

Extending the communication phenotype associatedwith 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome

This paper has three aims. The first is to describe and critically evaluate two recent studies from the authors' centre. Study one is a retrospective, consecutive series case note audit of 76 children aged 3.01 – 9.11 years of age, aimed at examining the age at which children with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are able to achieve oral pressure in their speech, and providing an overview of presentation. Study two is a pilot study to investigate the prevalence of dyspraxic features in a consecutive series of 21 school age children with 22q11DS, aged 4.0 – 8.11 years of age. The second aim is to discuss these studies within the context of a critical review of the current knowledge about 22q11 deletion syndrome. The third aim is to challenge some common thinking around the management of velopharyngeal dysfunction ( VPD) in 22q11DS. This discussion highlights that it is sometimes possible to investigate and treat palate function with good outcomes in the preschool years based on limited speech and language and investigations. Areas for future research are discussed. This paper further underlines the complexity of the communication profile in this population, with confirmation of the unique speech and language phenotype.     

Comparison of the nuclear matrix protein 22 with voided urine cytology in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Several urinary markers for transitional cell carcinoma have been investigated, including urine cytology, bladder tumor antigen, autocrine motility factor receptor and fibrin degradation products. Unfortunately, they have poor overall sensitivity. The United States Food and Drug Administration have recently approved nuclear matrix protein (NMP 22) for the detection of occult or rapidly recurring disease after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. The objective of the current study was to assess the sensitivity of NMP 22 for the detection of bladder carcinoma, as well as to correlate the NMP 22 values with multiplicity of tumor, tumor size, configuration, stage and grade respectively. A total of 78 patients (38 with bladder cancer) provided a urine sample which was divided into appropriate aliquots for each of urine cytology and NMP 22. Comparative results demonstrate a clear superiority of NMP 22 in bladder cancer detection (52.6% vs 31.6% sensitivity), while specificity was in favor of urine cytology (100% vs 82.5%). For superficial tumors, sensitivity was 78.5% for NMP 22 and 41.6% for cytology and for invasive cancers, sensitivity was 90% for NMP 22 and 60% for cytology. Urinary NMP 22 levels were significantly correlated with tumor grade and were significantly higher in large tumors than small tumors. NMP 22 test results showed sufficient sensitivity in comparison with urine cytology for the detection of transitional cell carcinoma. However, we do not think that it is a useful tool as a substitute for endoscopic examination for the detection and surveillance in bladder cancer.