Completed suicide in psychiatric inpatients and former inpatients. A comparative study

A total of 49 psychiatric inpatient suicides were compared with 53 former psychiatric inpatients who had committed suicide within one year after their discharge. Significant differences were found in the diagnostic distribution of both groups, especially the predominance of schizophrenics among inpatient suicides, and of alcoholics and drug abusers among suicides of former inpatients. Furthermore, some other important differences between the groups emerged that bore practical implications. In different diagnostic groups suicide occurs for different reasons and based on different psychosocial backgrounds. In the investigation of suicide in psychiatric patients, homogeneity of the population studied in terms of patient status should be strived for.     

20例住院精神疾病患者夜间猝倒临床分析

回顾性分析住院精神疾病患者夜间突发猝倒共２０例。其中有低血钾７例，药物性巴金森综合征、癫痫小发作、意识朦胧发作和短暂性脑缺血发作各２例，体位性低血压、糖尿病低血糖、骨质疏松症、酒精中毒性共济失调及原因不明者各１例。误诊７例，其中６例后被确诊为低血钾。精神疾病患者夜间跌倒原因众多，应充分考虑到低血钾的可能，可考虑对住院病人定期检查血钾。     

Epidemiology of drug exposure and adverse drug reactions in two swiss departments of internal medicine

AIMS: To explore drug exposure, frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), types of ADRs, predisposing risk factors and ADR-related excess hospital stay in medical inpatients. METHODS: Structured data regarding patient characteristics, 'events' (symptoms, laboratory results), diagnoses (ICD10) and drug therapy were collected using a computer-supported data entry system and an interface for data retrieval from electronic patient records. ADR data were collected by 'event monitoring' to minimize possible bias by the drug monitor. The causality of each event was assessed in relation to disease(s) and drug therapy. RESULTS: The analysis included 4331 (100%) hospitalizations. The median observation period was 8 days. The median number of different drugs administered per patient and day was 6 and varied between 4 (Q1 ) and 9 (Q3 ) different drugs in 50% of all hospital days. In 41% of all hospitalizations at least one disease-unrelated event could be possibly attributed to drug therapy. Clinically relevant ADRs occurred in 11% of all hospitalizations. In 3.3% of all hospitalizations ADRs were the cause of hospital admission. The incidence of possibly ADR-related deaths was 1.4. Factors predisposing for clinically relevant ADRs were female gender and polypharmacy. ADR-related excess hospital stay accounted for 8. 6% of hospital days. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the feasibility of the developed 'event monitoring' system for quantitative analysis of ADRs in medical inpatients. With increasing numbers of recorded patients the pharmacoepidemiological database provides a valuable tool to study specific questions regarding drug efficacy and safety in hospitalized patients.     

Treatment outcome in Australian veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A cause for cautious optimism?

This study investigated treatment outcome in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were 419 Australian Vietnam veterans who completed a 12-week hospital-based program. A comprehensive protocol assessed PTSD, comorbidity, and social functioning at admission and at 3 and 9 months posttreatment. Overall, the group showed significant improvements in core PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, alcohol abuse, social dysfunction, and anger. Changes occurred mostly between admission and 3 months posttreatment, with gains maintained at 9 months. Ratings by patients and their partners indicated perceived improvement and strong satisfaction with treatment. Nevertheless, treatment gains were variable and, for most veterans, considerable pathology remained following the programs. The current study provides grounds for cautious optimism in the treatment of combat-related PTSD.     

The utility of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist among hospitalized patients

We examined the utility of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist in an inpatient medical setting with particular emphasis on the putative ability of the PSC to discriminate psychosomatic from nonpsychosomatic patients. First, 80 hospitalized psychosomatic patients were compared to 80 hospitalized medical patients on the PSC. Second, a sample of 187 psychosomatic patients was studied to examine the relationship among psychosomatic distress, depression, and functional impairment. The results indicate that while psychosomatic patients scored significantly higher than comparable medical patients on the PSC, discriminant analyses indicate that the PSC is not able to identify psychosomatic patients in an inpatient medical setting. Factor analyses and correlations show that the PSC is positively related to increased depression and decreased functional status. Results are interpreted in light of current psychosomatic theory.This research was supported in part by a grant from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.     

近30年来精神科住院病人死因变迁分析

目的探讨近30年精神科住院病人死亡原因变迁。方法对我院精神科1975～2004年期间住院病人18948例中死亡的112例作回顾性调查，比较3个阶段（每10年为一阶段）住院精神病人的死亡率，并分析死亡原因。结果总死亡率为0．59％，逐年呈下降趋势，躯体疾病为主要死亡原因，其下降趋势趋于平稳，自杀为第二位，其下降趋势明显。结论30年来医院管理水平、医疗质量有所提高，但精神科工作者在日常工作中，除了加强生活护理和心理护理，更应重视基础知识的学习，重视体格检查。     

精神科住院患者乙肝病毒感染状况调查

目的：探讨精神科住院患者乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染状况,为防治ＨＢＶ 的院内感染提供参考依据。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对１２９５ 例住院精神病患者进行血清ＨＢＶ标志物检测。结果：血清ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｓ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｅ、抗－ＨＢｃ 五项ＨＢＶ 标志物阳性率分别为８．７３％ 、３１．０４％ 、２．７％ 、２１．７８％ 、１５．２９％ ,ＨＢＶ 总感染率为４３．６３％ ;５６５ 例阳性标本检出ＨＢＶ感染模式１５ 种,ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋ ）、抗－ＨＢｓ（－ ）、ＨＢｅＡｇ（－ ）、抗－ＨＢｅ（＋ ）、抗－ＨＢｃ（＋ ）（小三阳）占１２．２％ ,ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋ ）、抗－ＨＢｓ（－ ）、ＨＢｅＡｇ（＋ ）、抗－ＨＢｅ（－ ）、抗－ＨＢｃ（＋ ）（大三阳）占５．８４％ 。结论：精神科住院患者中存在ＨＢＶ 传染源,病区应加强监测、隔离、消毒等综合性措施,预防住院患者ＨＢＶ 的院内感染     

300例内科疾病老年患者焦虑和抑郁障碍的研究

目的 :研究内科疾病老年患者的心理障碍 ,为心理康复提供依据。方法 :采用汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密顿抑郁量表 (HAMD) ,测查 30 0例内科疾病老年患者的焦虑和抑郁障碍。结果 :心理障碍的发生率为 6 5 6 7% (197/ 30 0 ) ,焦虑和抑郁障碍共存者为 36 87% (116 / 30 0 ) ,高于仅有焦虑障碍者 (2 7% ,81/ 30 0 ,P<0 0 0 5 )。心理障碍的发生与性别、应激因素的存在与否和病程长短有关。并对患者的日常生活功能产生一定影响。结论 :内科疾病老年患者应当重视心理康复治疗     

老年住院病人临床死因分析

目的:通过对1136例老年住院病人死亡病例的病因分析,探讨老年死亡的病因,以期提高其防治水平。方法:对1136例老年住院病人死亡病例进行年龄、性别及死因进行统计分析。结果:老年人常见致死病因依次为肺部感染、肺癌、脑梗塞、急性心肌梗塞、多器官衰竭、脑出血。老年人的死因顺位随着年龄增长不断变化。结论:威胁老年人生命的疾病主要是恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病及心脑血管疾病。针对性地加强防治工作可降低病死率。     

住院精神病患者跌倒相关因素分析

目的探讨住院精神病患者跌倒及其相关因素。方法本研究为回顾性研究,收集2002年11月1日-2005年10月31日北京安定医院所有出院的精神病患者共7921例,对其中发生跌例的96例106次的病例进行分析研究。包括个案的基本资料、跌倒情形及相关因素、跌倒时所服用的精神科药物等。结果各年龄层跌倒平均发生率为1.2%,60岁以上老年人为4.2%。对有无跌倒的患者经χ2检验显示:年龄、住院次数、住院时间呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论住院精神病患者跌倒的危险人群为老龄人、反复住院、病程较长、住院时间较长、有较多身体合并症者;以及首次住院、病程1年以下、入院20d以内的患者。服用精神科药物以氯氮平、奋乃静、丙戊酸钠、帕罗西酊、苯二氮卓类发生率较高。时间以大小夜班,地点多在病室及厕所,多由体位改变及夜间入厕引起,应引起护理工作者的高度重视。