Computer Detection of Cognitive Impairment and Associated Neuropsychiatric Dimensions from the Content Analysis of Verbal Samples

This is a report of a study testing the capacity of a computerized measure of the content analysis of five minute verbal samples to detect and measure cognitive impairment and comorbid neuropsychiatric dimensions in 117 drug-abusing inpatients. The cognitive impairment scores obtained from the computerized procedure correlated significantly with independent scores from the Trails B and Stroop Color and Word test as well as with ANAM (Automated Neuropsychiatric Assessment Metric) neuropsychological tests, including the Matching to Sample Efficiency and Accuracy, the Code Substitution Efficiency, the Continuous Performance Task Efficiency and Accuracy, the Code Substitution Delayed Recall Accuracy, and the Simple Reaction Time Efficiency. When the computerized verbal-content-analysis-derived cognitive impairment scores were combined with scores of selected other ANAM measures, more and higher intercorrelations occurred with Trails A, Trails B, the Stroop Color and Word test, and the Wisconsin Card Sort test. In addition, validated measures of a broad range of associated neuropsychiatric dimensions can be obtained simultaneously from the same five minute verbal samples providing the cognitive impairment scores. No significant effects were found on the cognitive impairment scores of age, education, gender, race, and duration of drug-abuse abstinence.     

Types of Benzodiazepines Abused by Chemically Dependent Inpatients

Abstract

Records of inpatients (N=1,483) ove r a three-year period at an addiction treatment center were evaluated for the presence of benzodiazepine (BZ) dependence (N=136). The preferred BZ for 43% of the subjects was diazepam, and alprazolam for 14% of subjects. Chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, and clorazepatc were each the preferred bZ for 4% of patients. Cocaine and opioid abusers were six times more likely to abuse diazepam than any other BZ. Alprazolampatients required asignificantly longer period of detoxification than diazepam patients. Four percent of BZ-dependent patients (N=6) abused BZs only and had no other substance abuse history.     

综合性医院老年住院患者生命质量研究

目的:应用国际通用的标准化工具,通过对综合性医院老年住院患者进行调查,以期研究生命质量指标并探索其相关因素。方法:采用健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)和综合医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)对综合性医院中年龄≥65岁的310例住院患者进行调查。结果:老年住院患者的生命质量8个维度分值均显著低于社区常态老人;生命质量水平与躯体疾病伴发的焦虑和抑郁情绪呈显著负相关;与文化程度之间存在显著的正相关与躯体疾病和既往住院次数之间存在着显著负相关。结论:躯体疾病严重影响老年住院患者的生命质量,其相关因素为进一步实施干预提供了依据。     

精神科住院患者HBV感染状况调查

为探讨精神科住院患者乙肝病毒(HBV)感染状况,为防治HBV的院内感染提供参考依据,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对1295例住院精神病患者进行血清HBV标志物检测。结果,血清HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc五顶HBV标志物阳性率分别为8.80％、30.81％、2.78％、21.54％、15.29％,HBV总感染率为43.63％,565例阳性标本检出HBV感染模式15种,HBsAg( )、抗-HBs(-)、HBeAg(-)、抗-HBe( )、抗-HBc( )(小三阳)占12.21％,HBsAg( )、抗-HBsAg( )、抗-HBe(-)、抗HBc( )(大三阳)占5.84％。提示,精神科住院患者中存在HBV传染源,病区应加强监测、隔离、消毒等综合性措施,预防住院患者HBV的院内感染。     

3508例不同时期住院死亡病例死因分析

对某综合性医院 1981～ 1985年和 1991～ 1995年的住院死亡病例 35 0 8例进行了死因比较分析。结果表明 :住院死亡病例的死因基本无改变。其前 5位死因为 :恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒、循环系统疾病、传染病和寄生虫病以及消化系统疾病。男性死亡病例均明显高于女性 ,死亡年龄构成以     

家庭化管理模式对慢性精神分裂症患者的疗效观察

目的：探讨家庭化管理模式对住院慢性精神病患者的康复疗效。方法：2组患者均按常规使用精神科药物治疗。家庭组给予家庭化生活模式训练,对照组只开展日常康复训练,采用传统封闭式管理方式。治疗前及治疗后第3、6、12月末分别采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、生活技能训练评估表（SST）、日常生活能力量表（ADL）进行评定。结果：治疗3个月后,家庭组PANSS评分中阴性症状、精神病理症状和总分及ADL各项评分和总分均较治疗前及对照组明显下降（均P〈0．05）,且治疗6及12个月时呈持续下降趋势（均P〈0．01）;家庭组PANSS评分中阳性症状评分及对照组PANSS各项评分及总分治疗后各时间点与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义。治疗3个月后,家庭组SST评分均较治疗前及对照组治疗后明显提高（均P〈0．05）,且治疗6及12个月时呈持续上升趋势（均P〈0．01）;对照组治疗后各时间点与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义。结论：家庭化管理模式能有效改善慢性精神分裂症患者社会功能,提高自我管理能力,减轻衰退症状。     

广州市某社区老年住院患者营养风险筛查和营养状况分析

目的：评价广州市某社区老年住院患者的营养状况。方法：采用营养风险筛查2002结合身体质量指数（ body mass index, BMI）、血清白蛋白（ serum albumin,ALB）对127例老年科慢性病住院患者进行营养风险筛查及营养状况分析。结果：营养风险的发生率为59．1％,营养不足的发生率为15．0％。不同年龄组间营养风险、营养不足的发生率差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜0．01）,营养正常组与营养风险组、营养不足组的BMI、ALB、血红蛋白（hemoglobin,HB）三组之间比较差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。营养风险组与营养不足组BMI、ALB、HB两组之间比较差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论：社区老年病人营养不足及营养风险率较高。