Lifetime and six-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Munich follow-up study

Summary The Lifetime and 6 month DSM-III prevalence rates of mental disorders from an adult general population sample of former West Germany are reported. The most frequent mental disorders (lifetime) from the Munich Follow-up Study were anxiety disorders (13.87%), followed by substance (13.51%) and affective (12.90%) disorders. Within anxiety disorders, simple and social phobia (8.01%) were the most common, followed by agoraphobia (5.47%) and panic disorder (2.39%). Females had about twice the rates of males for affective (18.68% versus 6.42%), anxiety (18.13% versus 9.07%), and somatization disorders (1.60% versus 0.00%); males had about three times the rates of substance disorders (21.23% versus 6.11%) of females. Being widowed and separated/divorced was associated with high rates of major depression. Most disordered subjects had at least two diagnoses (69%). The most frequent comorbidity pattern was anxietyand affective disorders. Simple and social phobia began mostly in childhood or early adolescence, whereas agoraphobia and panic disorder had a later average age of onset. The majority of the cases with both anxiety and depression had depression clearly after the occurrence of anxiety. The DIS-DSM-III findings of our study have been compared with both ICD-9 diagnoses assigned by clinicians independently as well as other epidemiological studies conducted with a comparable methodology.     

心肌缺血患者白细胞计数动态变化及其活性研究

目的:探讨心肌缺血患者外周血白细胞计数及活性与心肌缺血发生发展的相关性。方法:对74例心肌缺血患者进行回顾性统计,以白细胞计数lO×109/L分组,大于此数患者归于异常组,小于此数则属于正常组.把心肌缺血患者分为两组.一组为心肌梗死组,另一组为心绞痛组,以健康体检者为对照组,分别就患者组与健康对照组在ld～3d/4d~6d/7d—lOd/lld—14d分四个阶段进行白细胞计数及活性测定。结果:心肌梗死组的白细胞计数明显高于冠心病组及正常对照组;随着病情的减轻白细胞计数逐渐下降,其白细胞活性与其记数呈正相关;且心肌梗死组白细胞教异常的病例数明显高于冠心病组及正常对照组。结论:白细胞数及活性的升高参与了心肌缺血的病理生理过程。     

Predictors of punding in Parkinson's disease: results from a questionnaire survey.

Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) for Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been linked to the development of a number of nonmotor behavioral control problems. Punding, one of these nonmotor problems, is a term used to describe complex, purposeless stereotyped behaviors such as the repetitive handling or sorting of objects. A self-report questionnaire was adapted to assess punding in the context of dysfunctional hobby-related activities. We report the results of a survey of PD outpatients from a PD research clinic (n = 141) and non-PD controls (n = 103); conducted to identify clinical and psychological factors predictive of punding behaviors. The PD group reported hobbies and activities, which scored significantly higher on the Punding Scale than controls. Higher impulsivity, poorer disease-related quality of life, younger age of disease onset, and concomitant daily medication dosage from dopamine receptor agonists were independently predictive of higher Punding Scale scores in the PD group. These findings are similar to those seen in dopamine dysregulation syndrome, and provide further evidence for the role of impulsivity and age at disease onset in DRT-related nonmotor behavioral problems in PD.     

血府逐瘀口服液对不稳定型心绞痛患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的 观察血府逐瘀口服液对不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法 将48例不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为治疗组30例和对照组18例，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加服血府逐瘀口服液与对照组（常规治疗）用药8周后，观察血浆内皮素（ET），一氧化氮（NO），可溶性血管粘附分子-1（sVCAM-1）及可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1（sICAM-1）的水平变化，ET检测用放射免疫法，NO用酶联法测定，sVCAM-1和sICAM-1测定法相同，取稀释100倍的血清100μl加入微板孔，再加标记抗sVCAM-1和sICAM-1单克隆抗体50ml，孵育，加标记链酶亲和素，加100μlH2SO4终自反应，自动酶标仪分析结果。结果 治疗组疗效有效率96．67％，明显优于对照组66．67％（P〈0．05），治疗组血清ET、sVCAM-1和sICAM-1水平均低于对照组（P〈0．01），NO水平高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 血府逐瘀口服液通过促进缩血管因子水平降低，提高舒血管因子水平，减少细胞粘附分子途径，改善血管内皮功能而提高疗效。     

Thrombophilic risk factors and unusual clinical features in three Italian CADASIL patients

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetically transmitted cerebrovascular disease. Typically, the first clinical manifestation is migraine and the full clinical spectrum of the disease with recurrent strokes of the subcortical type, cognitive, and mood disorders is seen during the fourth and fifth decades of life. Vascular risk factors are usually absent in CADASIL patients and the diagnosis of the disease is particularly suspected in young adults with cerebrovascular events of unknown cause, diffuse leukoencephalopathy on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and a history of cerebrovascular diseases or dementia in many family members. We describe three Italian CADASIL patients who presented to medical attention for cerebrovascular events occurred after the age of 55 and had, in addition to hypertension and hyperlipidemia, thrombophilic risk factors such as hyperhomocysteinemia, elevated levels of lipoprotein(a), and antiphospholipid antibodies. Symptoms possibly related to cortical involvement, such as dysphasia and visual field deficits, were reported by two of these patients. We conclude that a diagnosis of CADASIL should not be disregarded in patients with vascular risk factors and presenting with symptoms not immediately referable to subcortical damage at ages more advanced than commonly reported.     

低分子肝素钙联合辛伐他汀治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的探讨低分子肝素联合辛伐他汀治疗不稳定型心绞痛的疗效。方法将100例不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为对照组50例和观察组50例。对照组仅采取常规治疗（硝酸酯类、β-受体阻滞剂、钙拮抗剂、阿司匹林等），观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用低分子肝素和辛伐他汀，观察比较各组的疗效。结果观察组总有效率为90．0％，对照组总有效率为60．0％，两组疗效比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论低分子肝素联合辛伐他汀治疗不稳定型心绞痛取得满意的疗效。     

ECAT angina pectoris study: baseline associations of haemostatic factors with extent of coronary arteriosclerosis and other coronary risk factors in 3000 patients with angina pectoris undergoing coronary angiography

The ECAT Angina Pecioris Study is a European multicentre studyinvestigating the pathogenetic and possibly predictive roleof the haemostatic system in the progress of coronary heartdisease. In this paper we report the cross-sectional analysisof haemostatic factors in 3043 patients, who underwent coronaryangiography due to angina pectoris. Fibrinogen levels were higherin patients with one or more coronary stenoses of at least 50%than in patients without, by an average of 0.16 g. l^–1(P <0.0001). Depressed fibrinolytic activity due to higherlevels of PAI was also associated with the presence of coronarystenoses. There was no association with the extent of coronaryarteriosclerosis, as assessed by the number of involved arteries,except that patients who had more vessels with total occlusionshad higher fibrinogen levels. Depressed fibrinolytic activitywas also clearly associated with diabetes, obesity, higher triglyceridelevels, smoking and impaired cardiac pump function as assessedby ejection fraction. Cholesterol levels were particularly correlatedwith protein C and plasminogen.     

噻吗洛尔与普萘洛尔治疗高血压病与心绞痛的疗效比较

劳累性心绞痛38例采用噻吗洛尔2.5-5mg, tid,共4wk;另12例采用普萘洛尔10-20mg, tid,共4wk。结果:前者显效率为79％,显著高于后者42％(P<0.05)。高血压病(Ⅰ,Ⅱ期)37例采用噻吗洛尔治疗,方法同上;另13例采用普萘洛尔20-40mg, tid,疗程亦4wk。结果:2组均有显著降压疗效(P<0.01),噻吗洛尔治疗后1h即获显效,普萘洛尔须24h才获显效。噻吗洛尔7％(5/75)、普萘洛尔4％(1/25)治疗后发生窦性心动过缓,前者被迫停药,后者未停药。     

Clinical significance of 201Tl reverse redistribution in patients with aorto-coronary bypass surgery

Detection of myocardial ischemia by the stress thallium scan has traditionally been performed using transient defect analysis on exercise, followed by redistribution studies. Worsening of the ²⁰¹Tl myocardial image from exercise to redistribution is referred to as reverse redistribution. In this study, we found reverse redistribution in 10 (21%) of 48 angina pectoris patients who had undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery. The clinical significance of this phenomenon in these patients was investigated in relation to angiographic and surgical findings. Reverse redistribution was found to occur in regions which were supplied by bypass grafts. These areas showed increased coronary blood flow and rapid thallium washout. Our results indicate that a perfusion defect in the bypass region of the redistribution image might be caused by relatively rapid washout in the bypass graft region compared to the adjacent normal myocardium. These results should be considered in the clinical interpretation of stress thallium scans.     

糖尿病增大无症状心肌缺血发生率

用常规心电图及动态心电图监测的方法，分别观察３０例糖尿病人和３０例非糖尿病人无症状心肌缺血的发生率。发现无症状心肌缺血在糖尿病组显著高于非糖尿病组（Ｐ〈０．０５），部分糖尿病人有严重心肌缺血却无胸痛症状，可能与其植物神经功能损害引起痛阈提高、血中内啡肽水平增高导致痛觉敏感性下降有关，用动态心电图监测可提高无症状心肌缺血的检出率。