围产期B族链球菌感染筛查及防治在基层医院中的推广应用

目的 探讨基层医院实施围产期B族链球菌感染筛查及防治的价值。方法 回顾性分析我院2019年7月至2020年7月纳入的4220例围产期孕妇作为研究对象,收集并整理其齐全资料,并在我院接受阴道与直肠的B族链球菌感染筛查,经B族链球菌感染筛查结果,将其中507例阳性者作为阳性组,另3713例阴性者作为阴性组,分析围产期B族链球菌感染筛查及防治运用于基层医院中的价值。结果 本院所有研究对象均接受B族链球菌感染筛查,结果发现阳性者507例,阳性率为12.01%;阴性者3713例,阴性率为87.99%。两组在剖宫产、产后出血、产褥感染、新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫上比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但阳性组的绒毛膜羊膜炎、羊水污染、胎膜早破、新生儿感染发生率均高于阴性组(P0.05)。结论 基层医院中实施围产期B族链球菌感染筛查具有重要意义,应受到医疗界重点关注,经过筛查后尽早给予有效干预,从而避免不良妊娠结局产生,保障母婴安全。     

MICA的基因多态性及其临床意义

经典的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)在排斥反应的发生、发展方面具有重要作用,但越来越多的研究表明某些非经典MHC基因在此过程中,乃至在其他疾病的免疫机制方面同样意义显著。主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ类分子链相关基因A(major histocompatibility complex class I related chain A,MICA)即属于非经典MHC-I类基因。大量研究表明,作为最具多态性的非经典MHC-I类基因,其表达产物可借助NKG2D与自然杀伤细胞、某些特定T细胞亚群等多种免疫细胞相互作用,从而在病毒感染的免疫监视、自身免疫性疾病与器官移植排斥反应的发生发展方面均具有重要意义。     

Effect of nutritional counseling on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among Thai HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy

HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy have increased risk of metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia. In this study, we determined whether individual nutritional counseling reduced dyslipidemia, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, among HIV-infected patients with dyslipidemia not currently taking lipid-lowering medication. We conducted a randomized 24-week trial among HIV-infected patients with dyslipidemia who were on antiretroviral therapy and were eligible to initiate therapeutic lifestyle changes according to the Thai National Cholesterol Education Program. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group that received individual counseling with a nutritionist for seven sessions (baseline, weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24) and a control group that received standard verbal diet information at baseline and nutritional counseling only at week 24. A 24-h recall technique was used to assess dietary intake for both groups at baseline and week 24. Lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride) was measured at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy. An intention-to-treat and linear mixed model were used. Seventy-two patients were randomly assigned, and 62 (86%) participants completed their lipid profile test. After 12 weeks of follow-up, there were significant reductions in the intervention group for total cholesterol (?14.4?±?4.6?mg/dL, P?=?.002), LDL cholesterol (?13.7?±?4.1?mg/dL, P?=?.001), and triglyceride (?30.4?±?13.8?mg/dL, P?=?.03). A significant reduction in LDL cholesterol was also observed in the control group (?7.7?±?3.8?mg/dL, P?=?.04), but there were no significant differences in change of mean lipid levels between the groups at 12 weeks of follow-up. After 24 weeks, participants assigned to the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater decreases in serum total cholesterol (?19.0?±?4.6?vs. 0.2?±?4.3?mg/dL, P?=?.003) and LDL cholesterol (?21.5?±?4.1?vs. ?6.8?±?3.8?mg/dL, P?=?.009). There were no significant changes in HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels in either group.     

肾移植术后院内感染情况的调查分析

目的 了解肾移植术后院内感染的现状.方法 将106例肾移植患者按照入住病房的实际情况分成层流病房组54例和ICU组52例,比较2组院内感染的发生情况.结果 层流病房组患者院内感染的发生率比ICU组低.层流病房内的细菌菌落数明显少于ICU.结论 肾移植术后层流病房的院内感染发生率明显低于ICU,因此肾移植术后患者应选择层流病房以降低术后感染.     

Acute myocardial infarction as the manifestation of the thoracic aorta pseudoaneurysm

We present the case of the 56-year-old Caucasian man, with the 30 months history of previous Yacoub operation, reported to the complex cardiovascular center as the acute coronary syndrome with new LBBB ECG changes. Coronary angiogram proved the atypical affection of the left main coronary artery, transesophageal echocardiography clarified a large aortic pseudoaneurysm repressed both of coronary arteries, as the cause of symptoms. The surgical correction (Bentall procedure) was successfully performed and the patient was discharged 23 days after redo surgery with no complications.     

Profound CD4+ T lymphocytopenia in human immunodeficiency virus negative individuals,improved with anti-human herpes virus treatment

Lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia can be associated with many bacterial, fungal, parasite and viral infections. They can also be found in autoimmune and neoplastic diseases, common variable immunodeficiency syndrome, physical, psychological and traumatic stress, malnutrition and immunosuppressive therapy. Besides, they can also be brought into relation, without a known cause, with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. Among viral infections, the Retrovirus, specially the human immunodeficiency virus, is the most frequently cause. However, many acute viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus can be associated with transient lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. As is well known, transient lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia are temporary and overcome when the disease improves. Nonetheless, severe CD4+ T Lymphocytopenia associated with chronic infections by human herpes virus has not been reported. We describe 6 cases of human immunodeficiency virus negative patients, with chronic cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infections and profound lymphocytopenia with clinical symptoms of cellular immunodeficiency. These patients improved rapidly with ganciclovir or valganciclovir treatment. We claim here that it is important to consider the chronic human herpes virus infection in the differential diagnosis of profoundly CD4+ T lymphocytopenia etiology, when human immunodeficiency virus is absent, in order to start effective treatment and to determine, in future studies, the impact of chronic human herpes virus infection in human beings'' health.     

慢性HBV感染孕妇心理压力源的质性研究

目的了解慢性HBV感染孕妇主要的心理压力源。方法采用质性研究中的现象学方法，深入访谈9例慢性HBV感染孕妇，了解其心理压力状况。结果HBV感染孕妇妊娠期心理压力源主要包括：担心孩子被传染、对在传染病医院分娩的顾虑、对分娩方式和喂养方式选择的顾虑、担心自身健康、对承担母亲角色的顾虑。结论医护人员应结合乙肝孕妇的自身特点做好相应的健康指导和心理支持以减轻乙肝孕妇的心理压力。同时应进一步加大对公众的宣传力度，为乙肝患者营造一个公平、友好的社会氛围。