新形势下科研管理工作在高校哲学社会科学中的作用

新形势下,科研管理工作在高校哲学社会科学中的作用主要表现为:能够通过政策方针导向,调查研究实践,助推高校哲学社会创新体系的构建;能够着眼于跨学科领域发展的研究思路,搭建科研管理平台,提高科研工作效率;能够通过解读新形势内涵,引领高校哲学社会科学科研工作者,科学认识和把握当前发展的新形势新要求,提高规范化和科学化程度.     

模式生物线虫在药物复杂体系活性评价中的应用

虽然线虫只是代表了一类简单的生物体,但是线虫在现代生物医学研究,尤其是药物靶点研究方面具有巨大的潜在应用价值。其功能完善的细胞结构、与其他高级生物的保守性使得线虫成为一个操作简单、经济有效的高通量体内研究模型。本文总结了模式生物线虫在药物活性评价中的应用。初步探讨了线虫在药物复杂体系活性评价的可行性,以及线虫为从整体水平观察和研究中药复方的药效及机制的前景。     

大数据思维框架下医院“质量数据管理中心”的集成构建

目的：应用大数据思维集成构建医院“质量数据管理中心”,实现医院质量管理从数据化运营到运营大数据的适应性变革。方法：将医院医保科、质量管理科、病案室、统计室、计算机中心等数据管理密集的职能科室集成构建为医院“质量数据管理中心”。对其职能重新整合分工,逐步建立对医疗、护理、行政管理等全方位质量考核评价的独立机构,定期向医院党委及机关各部门提供一致、准确的决策数据分析报告,用于宏观决策。结果：集成构建的“质量数据管理中心”其原有职能作用可实现1+1＞2,且由于数据信息集中采集、应用、分析、释放,医院决策速度加快、问题管理到位、效益扩增显著。结论：大数据思维框架下集成构建的医院“质量数据管理中心”可重新整合职能分工,高效利用信息资源,减少跨部门管理、控制信息衰减及流失,可为现代医院管理者借鉴应用。     

Nursing home staff perspectives on adoption of an innovation in goals of care communication

Nursing homes (NH) are important settings for end-of-life care, but limited implementation may impede goals of care discussions. The purpose of this study was to understand NH staff perceptions of adoption and sustainability of the Goals of Care video decision aid for families of residents with advanced dementia. Study design was a cross-sectional survey of staff at 11 NHs in North Carolina who participated in the Goals of Care (GOC) cluster randomized clinical trial. Staff perceived the GOC decision aid intervention as a positive innovation; it was perceived as more compatible with current practices by male staff, nurses, and more experienced NH staff. Perceptions were correlated with experience, implying that experience with an innovative approach may help to promote improved GOC communication in nursing homes. Nurses and social work staff could be effective champions for implementing a communication technique, like the GOC intervention.     

Executive Summary

The impact of dietary fats and oils on health continues to be a controversial subject. In addition, the ability of the food industry to freely alter the fat content and composition of foods to meet dietary recommendations is limited by how these food components affect food quality and stability. Therefore, a recent workshop was held to bring together food and nutrition scientists to highlight nutritional research and product innovations that explore the nutritional impact of fatty acids in the food supply. The latest research on metabolic responses and health benefits associated with foods made with new nutritional and functional oils was discussed, along with a detailed look at how science-based advances in preparation methods and processing technologies affect the nutrient profile of food products, including potato products. Additional discussion was provided on how oil innovations align with dietary guidance and policy. This supplement issue presents articles on those presentations.