Analysis of the evidence of related factors,associated conditions and at-risk populations of the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis insomnia

ObjectivesTo summarize evidence in the literature on the predictors of insomnia in adults and to determine correspondences with diagnostic indicators of the NANDA-I diagnosis Insomnia.MethodsAn integrative review performed in Pubmed, Virtual Health Library and CINAHL. Forty-eight articles published in Portuguese, English or Spanish from 2011 to 2018 were included. An analysis of correspondence between the predictors and the NANDA-I related factors and associated conditions for Insomnia was performed.ResultsThere was a correspondence of the predictors found in this review with NANDA-I related factors and associated conditions, except for grieving and frequent naps during the day. Smoking, caffeine intake, dysfunctional sleep beliefs, obesity and caregiver role strain are possible new related factors; chronic illness is a possible new associated condition and individuals going through changes in marital status, economically disadvantaged, female gender, increasing age and night shift worker are possible new at-risk populations.ConclusionThe predictors of insomnia that had a correspondence with the NANDA-I elements can support the evidence base of the nursing diagnosis. The predictors found without a correspondence with the diagnosis can be considered for inclusion in the NANDA-I classification, thereby supporting the clinical reasoning of nurses and students.     

妇科急腹症中的超声临床诊断研究

目的:探讨妇科急腹症中的超声临床诊断研究。方法:纳入40例患者作为研究样本,40例患者均为2017年3月-2019年7月入院接受治疗的妇科急腹症患者,采用随机分组的方式,将40例患者分为两组,每组各20例患者,两组患者接受不同的诊断方式,对照组接受常规诊断,研究组接受超声诊断,对比两组患者诊断准确率。结果:观察并对比两组患者的数据,常规诊断以及超声诊断的临床准确率对比,研究组的准确率高于对照组,两组患者的组间数据对比,表明本次研究具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:妇科急腹症中采用超声诊断,对急腹症类型的诊断效果较为准确,为患者后续的临床治疗提供诊断依据,证实了超声诊断对妇科急腹症在临床诊断上具有重要作用,应提倡将其纳入常规诊断之中。     

Differential value of external anal- and urethral-sphincter electromyography in multiple system atrophy cerebellar type and spinocerebellar ataxias

ObjectiveClinically differentiating multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA-C) and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) is challenging, especially at early disease stages, because of their similarities in clinical manifestation and imaging results. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of external anal-sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) and urethral-sphincter electromyography (US-EMG) for distinguishing between MSA-C and SCAs.MethodsA total of 51 subjects, including 33 MSA-C and 18 SCAs, were recruited. Average duration and amplitude of motor unit potentials (MUPs), percentage of polyphasic MUPs, amplitude during strong contraction and recruitment pattern during maximal voluntary contraction were recorded and analyzed to identify differential diagnostic results of EAS-EMG and US-EMG for MSA-C and SCAs.ResultsSignificant differences in average MUP duration, percentage of polyphasic MUPs, and ratio of simple phase and simple-mix phase using EAS-EMG were noted between patients with MSA-C and SCAs. These same parameters also differed significantly between MSA-C and SCAs male patients using US-EMG.ConclusionsEAS-EMG may serve as a potential method for early differential diagnosis between patients with MSA-C and SCAs. Furthermore, US-EMG could be a supplementary method for males when EAS-EMG is not available.     

Symptoms as the main problem in primary care: A cross-sectional study of frequency and characteristics

Objective. The aim was to study symptoms managed as the main problem by the general practitioner (GP) and to describe the frequencies and characteristics of presented symptoms when no specific diagnosis could be made. Design. Cross- sectional study. Setting. General practices in the Central Denmark Region. Subjects. In total, 397 GPs included patients with face-to-face contacts during one randomly assigned day in 2008–2009; 7008 patients were included and 5232 presented with a health problem. Main outcome measures. GPs answered a questionnaire after each patient contact. Symptoms and specific diagnoses were subsequently classified using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC). Symptom frequency, comorbidity, consultation length, and GP-assessed final outcome and burden of consultations were analysed. Results. The GPs could not establish a specific diagnosis in 36% of patients with health problems. GPs expected that presented symptoms would not result in a future specific diagnosis for half of these patients. Musculoskeletal (lower limb and back) and respiratory (cough) symptoms were most frequent. More GPs had demanding consultations when no specific diagnosis could be made. Higher burden was associated with age, comorbidity, and GP expectancy of persistent symptoms when no diagnosis could be made. Conclusion. Interpretation and management of symptoms is a key task in primary care. As symptoms are highly frequent in general practice, symptoms without a specific diagnosis constitute a challenge to GPs. Nevertheless, symptoms have been given little priority in research. More attention should be directed to evidence-based management of symptoms as a generic phenomenon to ensure improved outcomes in the future.     

子宫动静脉畸形大出血2例文献复习

子宫动静脉畸形( uterine arteriovenous malformations, UAVMs)在临床上是较为少见的疾病,但常常导致不明原因阴道流血,有时可出现大出血,危及生命。现对在金华市中心医院诊治的2例UAVMs病例进行回顾性分析,并复习相关文献,报道如下。     

The changing role of the pathologist in the management of Barrett's oesophagus

Pathological specimens from columnar‐lined oesophagus (CLO) comprise a considerable proportion of the workload of gastrointestinal pathologists in Western countries. There remain controversies concerning the diagnostic role of pathology. More recently, in the UK at least, the diagnosis has been regarded as primarily an endoscopic endeavour, with pathology being corroborative and only diagnostic when endoscopic features are equivocal or when there are additional features that make the endoscopic diagnosis unclear. There is also recognition that demonstration of intestinalisation or ‘goblet cells’ is not paramount, and should not be required for the diagnosis. There have been notable changes in the management of CLO neoplasia: pathologists are centrally involved in its management. Pathological assessment of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens provides the most useful means of determining the management of early neoplasia and of determining indications for surgery. This represents an extraordinarily rapid change in management, in that, <10 years ago, laborious Seattle‐type biopsy protocols were recommended, and high grade dysplasia was an indication for resectional surgery. Now, individual patient management is paramount: multi‐professional meetings determine management after biopsy and EMR assessment. One significant change is that major resections are undertaken less often, in Western countries, for CLO neoplasia.