惊恐障碍临床特征及误诊分析

目的 :分析惊恐障碍的临床特征 ,探讨其误诊原因。方法 :回顾性分析惊恐障碍 78例在精神科确诊前的临床资料。结果 :全部多次误诊为躯体疾病 ,尤其易误诊为心血管疾病。误诊时间 1.5～ 5 6个月 ,平均 ( 9.6 5± 13.2 1)个月。结论 :惊恐障碍极易误诊 ,综合医院应提高临床医生对惊恐障碍的认识以减少误诊率。     

Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents: obstacles to early diagnosis and future directions

Aim: This article reviews research centred around juvenile bipolar disorder with particular reference to diagnostic difficulties. Putative deficits are scrutinized with respect to trait likelihood and the roles of neuropsychology and neuroimaging in enhancing our understanding of juvenile bipolar disorder are discussed. Methods: Search terms including childhood, adolescent, youth and juvenile combined with the terms ‘bipolar disorder’, mania, depression and hypomania were used to identify relevant studies in MEDLINE and PsychLit. Results: Over recent years research into this relatively new disorder has increased phenomenally. Key issues within the field include diagnostic specificity, the heritability of the disorder, the impact of comorbidity and the implications of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings. Conclusion: Despite concerning controversies in literature the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents as compared with adults, promising future research directions include better neurological characterization of the disorder through the application of findings from clinical populations, neuropsychological and neuroimaging research.     

胆道癌ERCP诊断(附49例分析)

本文报道用ERCP诊断胆管癌24例、胆囊癌6例、壶腹癌19例、共49例,都经手术或病理证实,诊断符合率为85.7％。 文章描述了胆道癌ERCP的X线表现。依造影所见把胆管癌分为阻塞型、狭窄型和息肉型。狭窄型又分闭塞型、环型及弥漫型三个亚型。胆管癌以阻塞型和闭塞型狭窄多见。胆囊癌表现为胆囊内基底宽广固定不变的充盈缺损。壶腹癌为壶腹部边缘不整的占位病变,可阻塞胆管或胰管或同时阻塞胰胆管。肝内胆管的软藤状改变是胆道恶性肿瘤的特征性表现。     

肾癌的超声声像图与组织病理结构的相关性分析

目的:探讨不同病理组织结构肾癌的超声声像图表现,以提高超声对声像图表现不典型肾癌的超声诊断准确率。材料和方法:回顾性分析120例患者的123例肾癌和13例患者肾错构瘤的超声声像图特征,以无回声、低回声、高回声和强回声进行分类,并结合术后组织病理结果相对照。结果:123例肾癌中肾透明细胞癌117例,肾乳头状细胞癌2例,移形细胞癌2例,肾母细胞癌1例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例。121例肾恶性肿瘤声像图表现:无回声3例,低回声77例,高、强回声41例。13例肾错钩瘤均为高、强回声。结论:肾癌的声像图以低回声为主,部分可伴囊变,钙化,部分肾癌会出现高,强回声,是引起超声诊断错误的原因之一。     

416例甲状腺肿瘤临床病理分析

目的了解本地区甲状腺肿瘤的发病情况，探讨甲状腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断6方法对416例甲状腺肿瘤病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果甲状腺肿瘤以良性多见，良恶性之比为8．2：1。各类型肿瘤均以女性明显多于男性，男女之比为1：5．4，好发年龄为21～50岁，肿瘤发生于甲状腺右侧多见。结论本组甲状腺肿瘤的发生率、好发年龄、性别差异、良恶之比与文献报道基本一致。乳头状腺瘤与乳头状癌的鉴别有一定难度，对可疑标本要多处取材，连续切片，仔细观察，找出其特征，提高诊断的准确性。     

C4d in Acute Rejection After Liver Transplantation—A Valuable Tool in Differential Diagnosis to Hepatitis C Recurrence

Hepatitis C is the most common indication for liver transplantation. Recurrence of HCV is universal leading to graft failure in up to 40% of all patients. The differentiation between acute rejection and recurrent hepatitis C is crucial as rejection treatments are likely to aggravate HCV recurrence. Histological examination of liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of acute rejection but has failed in the past to distinguish between acute rejection and recurrent hepatitis C. We have recently reported that C4d as a marker of the activated complement cascade is detectable in hepatic specimen in acute rejection after liver transplantation. In this study, we investigate whether C4d may serve as a specific marker for differential diagnosis in hepatitis C reinfection cases. Immunohistochemical analysis of 97 patients was performed. A total of 67.7% of patients with acute cellular rejection displayed C4d-positive staining in liver biopsy whereas 11.8% of patients with hepatitis C reinfection tested positive for C4d. In the control group, 6.9% showed C4d positivity. For the first time we were able to clearly demonstrate that humoral components, represented by C4d deposition, play a role in acute cellular rejection after LTX. Consequently C4d may be helpful to distinguish between acute rejection and reinfection after LTX for HCV.