急性白血病细胞膜和细胞质抗原的流式细胞术检测

目的应用流式细胞仪检测急性白血病（AL）患者细胞膜及细胞质抗原,探讨其在白血病免疫分型中的作用.方法采用三色直接免疫荧光法检测290例AL患者16种膜抗原及3种细胞质抗原表达.结果134例急性髓细胞白血病（AML）中以CD13（89.6%）、CD33（77.6%）表达为主,髓过氧化物酶（MPO）表达也较高,占99.25%;125例B系列急性淋巴细胞白血病（B-ALL）主要表达CyCD79a（97.6%）、CD19（84%）、CD22（84%）、CD10（68.8%）;31例T系列急性淋巴细胞白血病（T-ALL）以CyCD3（96.8%）、CD2（71%）、CD3（80.6%）、CD5（87.1%）、CD7（83.9%）为主.CD34在AML组表达47%,急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）组62.8%;ALL组髓系抗原表达以CD13、CD33多见;AML组淋系抗原表达以CD7多见.结论利用流式细胞仪进行细胞膜、细胞质抗原检测对AL的诊断分型有重要价值.     

急性髓系白血病免疫分型特点及与疗效相关性分析简

本研究旨在探讨急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia,AML）的免疫分型特点及其与疗效的关系.收集516例初发AML患者骨髓标本,采用流式细胞术检测AML的免疫表型.结果表明,①516例AML中髓系相关抗原阳性表达率较高,依次为MPO（95.0％）、CD33（93.0％）、CD13（88.8％）、CD117 （69.4％）,而CD14、CD15、CD64、CD71表达较低,其中145例AML伴淋系抗原表达,分别为CD7 21.5％、CD19 6.0％、CD2 0.78％、CD100.58％、CD20 0.58％;CD71在M6中阳性表达率为100％,CD64在M5中阳性表达率最高（30.2％）;CD34总阳性表达率为57.8％.②首次化疗后完全缓解（CR）率为64.7％,M3组中CD34＋患者CR率低于CD34-组（P=0.019）.非M3组CD34阳性组的CR明显低于CD34阴性组（P=0.002）;CD19＋患者CR率高于CD19-组（P=0.028）;CD7＋患者CR率明显低于CD7-组（P =0.002）;CD71＋患者CR率低于CD71-组（P=0.013）;MPO＋患者CR率高于MPO-组（P=0.015）;CD11b、CD13、CD33表达阳性组与相应阴性组的CR率相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论：免疫分型是诊断AML的必备条件,它有助于指导白血病的临床分型诊断、治疗方案的选择及预后的判断.     

正常核型急性髓系白血病 CEBPA 基因突变患者临床特征及疗效研究简

本研究旨在分析正常核型急性髓系白血病（acute myeloid leukemia,AML） CEBPA基因突变患者的临床特征和疗效.回顾性分析我中心55例初诊AML患者CEBPA基因突变率、临床特征及治疗疗效.结果表明：本组患者CEBPA突变患者20例,发生率为36.4％,其中17例为双侧突变,3例为单侧突变;与CEBPA无突变AML患者相比,CEBPA突变患者具有以下临床特征：75.0％患者为M1与M2;初诊时表现为高血红蛋白[（98.30±20.33）g/L对（81.69±23.74） g/L;t=2.625,P=0.011]及低血小板[（33.30±38.27）×109/L对（64.79±61.60）×109/L;u=2.062,P=0.044];白血病细胞高表达CD7及CD34.近期疗效显示,CEBPA突变患者CR率72.2％,高于CEBPA无突变患者68.6％,但无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.结论：CEBPA突变AML多见于AML-M1和M2,且伴高血红蛋白和低血小板症,表达CD7及CD34;近期疗效尚好.国人AML患者CEBPA突变率可能高于国外报道.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞白血病的免疫分型与临床

采用ＡＢＣ酶抗体法对３０例非霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞白血病进行了免疫分型，结果Ｂ细胞型２０例，Ｔ细胞型１０例。病理分类以弥漫小裂细胞型、淋巴母细胞型及小淋巴细胞型易合并白血病。结合文献对Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴瘤细胞白血病的发生因素及临床特点等加以讨论。     

Immune and airway effects of house dust mite aeroallergen exposures during postnatal development of the infant rhesus monkey

BACKGROUND: The effect of chronic environmental aeroallergen exposure on the immune system and airways has not been experimentally defined in very young children. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the immunophenotype of peripheral blood and airway leucocytes in the newborn rhesus macaque monkey, following recurrent aerosol exposure to house dust mite (HDM) (Dermatophagoides farinae). METHODS: A regimen of HDM aerosolization was initiated for 2 h per day, three times per week, starting when rhesus macaque monkeys were 1 week of age. All monkeys were inoculated with diptheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine at 5 weeks of age to simulate human infant vaccination schedules. RESULTS: Following 8 weeks of HDM aeroallergen exposure, infant monkeys exhibited a significant reduction in the total peripheral blood lymphocyte numbers and a decreased frequency of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes with a CD45RA-'memory' immunophenotype. Lavage CD4+ T lymphocytes from HDM-exposed monkeys showed elevated expression of CD25, as well as an increase in CD45RA-/CD62L-/CD11ahigh immunophenotype. Eosinophils were more abundant within airways of HDM-exposed monkeys, accumulating maximally within the trachea. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the development of immunological responses following chronic inhalation of a common environmental allergen during postnatal maturation in the non-human primate.     

CD45作门的三色流式细胞术在白血病免疫分型中的应用

目的 介绍一种直接裂解骨髓样本进行急慢性白血病分型的三色流式细胞术。方法 将这种方法应用于115例急性白血病和10例慢性白血病的免疫分型。利用CD45和侧向散射将白血病细胞从正常的淋巴细胞，单核细胞，粒细胞和有核红细胞中区分出来后，用双参数流式细胞术进行分析。结果 流式细胞术测定得到的幼稚细胞比例在很大程度上与形态学计数相关，不同的FAB亚型白血病在CD45/SS图中的形式也不完全相同，当PC5标记的CD45与异硫氰酸荧光黄和藻红蛋白标记的其他抗体联合应用时，可以在对白血病细胞作门的基础上，同时进行白血病细胞表型表达的双参数分析。结论 在白血病免疫分型时，这种作门技术明显优于传统的前向散射对侧向散射作门方法。     

Immunophenotypings of Malignant Epithelial Mesothelioma and Their Roles in the Differential Diagnosis

To investigate the immunophenotypings of malignant epithelial mesothelioma (MEM),and to seek the valuable markers in distinguishing peritoneal MEM from peritoneal metastatic ovari-an adenocarcinoma (OA) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (CA), immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect expressions of HBME-1, E-cadherin, CA19-9, MOC-31 and CK7 in paraffin-embedded tissues of 18 cases of MEM, 20 OA and 20 CA. The results showed that there was a sig-nificant difference in the expressions of E-cadherin, CA19-9 and MOC-31 between MEM and OA group (P＜0.05). Similarly, the difference in the expression of HBME-1, E-cadherin, CA19-9,MOC-31 and CK7 between MEM and CA groups is significant (P＜0.05). These results indicate that HBME-1 could be used as a positive marker in distinguishing MEM from CA. E-cadherin,CA19-9 and MOC-31 are considered to be useful negative markers in diagnostic distinction between MEM and metastatic adenocarcinomas, including OA and CA. CK7 is the best positive marker in distinguishing MEM from CA, but this marker appears to be valueless in discriminating MEM from OA.     

肺硬化性血管瘤病理形态及免疫表型

目的：分析11例肺硬化性血管瘤的组织学及免疫表型特点，探讨该肿瘤的组织起源。方法：用免疫组化LSAB法检测14种抗原在石蜡切片中的表达。结果：衬覆细胞：阳性表达CKL11例、EMA11例、CEA4例、Vim8例、NSE5例、S－100蛋白3例，而Syn、CgA、p53及CD34分别有2例、2例、1例、2例可见少数阳性细胞，实性细胞：阳性表达CKL5例、EMA11例、Vim10例、NSE6例、S－100蛋白3例，而Syn、CEA、p53、CD34分别有2例、5例、1例、2例有少数阳性细胞，实性细胞不表达CaA。两类细胞均不表达Calr、FⅧRAg、Mac387(4/4)、CD68（4／4）。结论：肺硬化性血管瘤是上皮源性肿瘤，衬覆细胞和实性细胞均为肿瘤成分，因此用Chan提出的“良性硬化性肺细胞瘤”来命名这类肿瘤更为合适。     

The influence of different culture microenvironments on the generation of dendritic cells from non-small-cell lung cancer patients

Introduction: Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are currently under extensive evaluation as cell vaccines for cancer treatment. Many protocols regarding DCs generation in vitro with different protein components, especially autologous proteins, have been described. On the other hand, active tumor-derived factors in patients’ serum could impair monocytes, which might result in their abrogated differentiation into DCs in vitro. Materials and Methods: Autologous DCs from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-bearing patients were generated in different culture microenvironments. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence of interleukin-4 and granulocyte-monocyte-stimulating factor with supplementation of 10% autologous serum, 10% allogenic serum, or 2% human albumin. The course of apoptosis, phagocytic ability, and the immunophenotype of the generated DCs were analyzed using flow cytometric methods. Results: After 48 h of culture, we found a lower percentage of CD1a⁺/CD14⁺ and a higher percentage of CD1a⁺/CD14⁻ cells in the culture supplemented with human albumin than in the cultures supplemented with serums. The lowest CD14 antigen expression was found in the human albumin-supplemented 48-h cultures. After 48 h in the cultures carried out with human albumin we found significantly higher percentages of AV⁺/PI⁺ cells and AV⁻/PI⁺ cells than in cultures supplemented with autologous or allogenic serum. We also noted that the expression of FITC-dextran after 4 and 24 h of incubation was significantly higher in the cultures supplemented with both serums than in the HA-SC. The percentage of semi-mature DCs and of CD83 expression was lowest in the culture supplemented with 2% human albumin. Conclusions: The kind of culture supplementation had a great impact on the apoptosis of cultured PBMCs. It could also influence the yield of monocyte-derived DCs. It was also confirmed that autologous and allogenic serums provide suitable microenvironments for the generation of autologous DCs from NSCLC patients. The choice of culture supplementation for DC generation is still unsolved and further studies should be undertaken.