亚胺培南西司他丁钠治疗中重度细菌性感染的临床研究

目的评价国产注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠（齐佩能）对中重度细菌性感染的临床有效性及安全性。方法采用随机开放、平行对照试验设计,以进口注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠（泰能）作对照药物。结果齐佩能与泰能的临床有效率分别为86．42％和81．82％,细菌清除率分别为85．71％和87．18％,不良反应发生率为4．94％和3．41％,两组比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠（齐佩能）治疗中重度细菌性感染疗效肯定且安全。     

耐亚胺培南鲍曼不动杆菌对3种舒巴坦复合剂耐药性的meta分析

目的采用meta分析对现已发表的氨苄西林／舒巴坦、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦和哌拉西林／舒巴坦治疗耐亚胺培南鲍曼不动杆菌（IRAB）的文献进行综合分析,科学比较哪种抗生素的治疗效果更好。方法全面收集IRAB对氨苄西林／舒巴坦、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦和哌拉西林／舒巴坦耐药性研究的资料,根据严格的标准筛选纳入文献,用RevMan4．2软件进行meta分析。结果共有9篇文献符合纳入标准。对氨苄西林／舒巴坦和头孢哌酮／舒巴坦的耐药性分析表明,IRAB对氨苄西林／舒巴坦（62．8％）的耐药性显著高于对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦的（44．7％）（P〈0．001）。对氨苄西林／舒巴坦和哌拉西林／舒巴坦的耐药性分析表明,IRAB对氨苄西林／舒巴坦（70．7％）的耐药性显著低于对哌拉西林／舒巴坦的（95．2％）（P〈0．001）。综合可得,IRAB对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦的耐药性最弱,对哌拉西林／舒巴坦的耐药性最强。结论在IRAB的治疗中,头孢哌酮／舒巴坦的敏感性高于氨苄西林／舒巴坦和哌拉西林／舒巴坦,是较好的供选抗生素。     

249株非发酵菌对亚胺培南耐药性分析

目的了解临床分离的非发酵菌对亚胺培南的耐药性，为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供参考。方法对所有菌株采用全自动微生物分析仪Walkaway40鉴定到种，药敏最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定采用配套的NC21药敏检测板，比较2000-2006年7年来上述菌对亚胺培南的耐药情况。结果分离的249株非发酵菌对亚胺培南耐药率为46．18％，其中铜绿假单胞菌、荧光／恶臭假单胞菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、黄杆菌属耐药率较高，分别为43．66％、50．00％、81．82％和87．50％。249株非发酵菌对其他10种抗菌药物均存在不同程度的多重耐药，除头孢吡肟耐药率为49．40％以外，对其他抗菌药物耐药率均〉50％。铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌属分离率（Х^2分别为108．59、47．46，均P〈0．005）及耐药率（Х^2分别为63．53、15．50，P分别〈0．005及〈0．05）呈逐年增高趋势。结论非发酵菌对亚胺培南耐药率较高，且有逐年增高趋势，临床应合理选用抗菌药物，减缓耐药菌株的发生、发展。     

美罗培南治疗急性白血病粒细胞减少期并发肺部感染25例

目的:研究美罗培南治疗急性白血病粒细胞减少期并发肺部感染的疗效。方法:53例急性白血病粒细胞减少并发肺部感染的病人分为2组,亚胺培南组采用亚胺培南0．5 g,iv,gtt,q8 h,美罗培南组采用美罗培南0．5g,iv,gtt,q12 h。结果:亚胺培南组和美罗培南组总有效率分别为82％及76％,2组间比较经Ridit 分析差异无显著意义(P>0．05);2组的细菌清除率分别为93％及88％,差异无显著意义(P>0．05)。结论:美罗培南可作为急性白血病并肺部感染的单一治疗手段。     

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, U.S. rivers

Our study was initiated by previous isolation of 30 imipenem-resistant, gram-negative rods from 7 of 16 U.S. rivers sampled from 1999 to 2001. Imipenem hydrolysis was detected in 22 of those isolates identified as Enterobacter asburiae. Random amplified polymorphism DNA analysis showed that these E. asburiae isolates were genetically indistinguishable. An identical clavulanic acid-inhibited beta-lactamase IMI-2 was identified from each isolate that shared 99% and 97% amino acid identity with the chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases IMI-1 and NmcA, respectively, from E. cloacae clinical isolates. The blaIMI-2 gene was located on a self-transferable 66-kb plasmid. Sequence analysis of a cloned 5.5-kb DNA fragment obtained from 1 of the imipenem-resistant E. asburiae isolates identified an upstream LysR-type regulator gene that explained inducibility of IMI-2 expression. beta-Lactamase IMI-2 is the first inducible and plasmid-encoded carbapenemase. Identification of clonally related E. asburiae isolates from distant rivers indicates an environmental and enterobacterial reservoir for carbapenemase genes.     

耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌耐药特征及其耐药机制的初步研究

目的分析临床分离的耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药特征及对亚胺培南的耐药机制。方法采用BD Phoenix 100 全自动微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定,纸片扩散法（K B法）进行药敏试验;聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测碳青霉烯酶相关基因(IMP、VIM、OXA、GES)及外膜蛋白基因oprD2。结果耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星耐药率最低,为8.33%;对庆大霉素、妥布霉素的耐药率＜20%;第三四代头孢菌素、氨曲南、美罗培南、复方磺胺甲口恶唑、米诺环素等抗菌药物抗菌活性差, 耐药率＞60%,对氨苄西林/ 舒巴坦全部耐药。检测到1株OXA 17阳性菌,阳性率2.78%;oprD2缺失率为38.89%;未检测到其余耐药基因。结论耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌除对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药率较低外, 对其他常用抗菌药物耐药严重;膜蛋白OprD2缺失与碳青霉烯酶产生等机制导致铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南耐药。     

应用UPLC研究亚胺培南在大鼠体内的药动学

目的 建立灵敏的超高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中亚胺培南的浓度。方法 血浆样品采用乙腈蛋白沉淀方法,色谱柱为Dikma Diamonsil C₁₈;以0.1 mol·L^-1磷酸氢二钠(85%磷酸调pH至7.0)-甲醇(45∶55)为流动相;流速为1.0 mL·minL^-1;柱温为35 ℃;检测波长为295 nm。结果 亚胺培南血药浓度在0.5～100 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),最低检测限为0.5 μg·mL^-1;日内、日间RSD均≤10％,提取回收率在80.5％~81.2％之间。6只SD大鼠单剂量口服给予亚胺培南后药动学参数分别为：C_max(75.3±6.2)μg·mL^-1;t_1/2(6.72±1.58)h;AUC_0-t(694.1±28.3)h·μg·mLL^-1;AUC_0-∞(746.2±32.9) h·μg·mL^-1。结论 本方法简便、准确、灵敏、专属性强,同样适用于人血浆中亚胺培南浓度的测定及其药动学研究,对于评价亚胺培南疗效和安全性有重要意义。     

Imipenem-Cilastatin-Relebactam: A Novel β-Lactam–β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections

Imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam (IMI-REL) is a novel β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combination recently approved for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) and complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs). Relebactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor with the ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of β-lactamases such as class A and class C β-lactamases, including carbapenemases. The addition of relebactam to imipenem restores imipenem activity against several imipenem-resistant bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical data demonstrate that IMI-REL is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of cUTIs and cIAIs due to imipenem-resistant bacteria. In a phase III trial comparing IMI-REL with imipenem plus colistin, favorable clinical response was achieved in 71% and 70% of patients, respectively. Available clinical and pharmacokinetic data support the approved dosage of a 30-minute infusion of imipenem 500 mg–cilastatin 500 mg–relebactam 250 mg every 6 hours, along with dosage adjustments based on renal function. In this review, we describe the chemistry, mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and clinical efficacy, and safety and tolerability of this new agent. The approval of IMI-REL represents another important step in the ongoing fight against multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens.     

哌拉西林/他唑巴坦与亚胺培南/西司他丁随机对照治疗45例细菌性感染的临床疗效观察

目的 评价围产哌拉西林／他唑巴坦安全性和有效性。方法 采用 胺培南／西司他丁作对照药。结果 闰西林／他唑巴坦组与亚胺培南／西司他丁组临床有效率分别为９３．７５％、８７．５０％,细菌清除率分别为８５．７％、７５％。经统计学分析一差异;开放绷带扔拉西林／他唑巴坦治疗１３例细菌感染患者的临床有效率为８４．６２％,总计哌拉西林／他唑巴埋的不良反应发生率为３．４５％,结论哌拉西林／他唑巴坦治疗细菌感染疗效肯     

铜绿假单胞菌亚胺培南耐药株的临床感染及其诱因分析

目的：探讨亚胺培南耐药的铜绿单胞菌临床感染情况及其危险因素。方法：对各种送检的痰、尿、分泌物等标本进行培养并采人汤稀释法对亚胺培南等８种抗生素进行最小抑菌浓度分析。结果：分离的３６．０％铜绿假单胞菌菌株呈现亚胺培南耐药,以ＩＣＵ病房、高干病房的患为主,病情较重,３１．４％的患使用过罗氏芬,２０．０％的患用过泰能。结论：随着抗生素的大量使用,越来越多的铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南耐药,多发生于危重、