大黄苏打片佐治危重症并胃肠功能衰竭患儿临床观察

目的:观察大黄苏打片对危重症并急性胃肠功能衰竭患儿的治疗效果。方法:38例危重症并急性胃肠功能衰竭患儿在常规治疗基础上口服大黄苏打片。入院当日及治疗72 h后检测TNF-α、IL-6、CRP、乳酸,观察患儿症状的变化,与30例对照组惠儿比较。结果:治疗后两组患儿情况明显改善。治疗组改善显著(P<0.05)。治疗组血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP及乳酸下降大于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:大黄苏打片可以保护胃粘膜,减少炎症损伤,配合常规治疗可以提高危重症并急性胃肠功能衰竭患儿抢救成功率。     

小儿危重症血中胃泌素、胃动素水平变化研究

目的　 了解不同程度危重症患儿血中胃泌素 (GAS)、胃动素 (MTL)水平变化 ,探讨其与胃肠功能障碍或衰竭的关系。 方法 　采用放射免疫法测定不同程度危重症患儿血清GAS、血浆MTL水平 ,并以正常小儿作对照。 结果 　血清GAS、血浆MTL各组均数差异有显著性 (F =9 5 5 ,P <0 0 1;F =2 0 13,P <0 0 1) ,不同危重程度组患儿血清GAS、血浆MTL水平的升降变化差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。胃肠功能障碍组和衰竭组患儿血清GAS和血浆MTL水平升降变化与正常对照组及非胃肠功能障碍组比较差异有显著性 (F =11 2 0 ,P <0 0 1;F =5 3 99,P <0 0 1)。 结论 　小儿危重症时GAS、MTL参与了危重症发生、发展的病理生理过程 ,是其发生、发展的重要病理生理基础之一 ,且与胃肠功能障碍或衰竭及多器官功能衰竭 (MOF)发生有关     

危重病人血清甲状腺激素的变化及其与APACHEⅡ评分和预后的关系

目的 探讨危重病人血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其与APACHE Ⅱ评分和危重病预后的关系。方法 应用放射免疫分析法及免疫放射分析法测定危重病人的血清甲状腺激素含量。危重病程度按APCHE Ⅱ评分系统进行评分。结果 危重病人的血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4含量明显低于正常对照组(P＜0．001)，而TSH的变化无显著性(P＞0．05)；危重病存活组与死亡组血清甲状腺激素之间的差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；不同APACHE Ⅱ评分分段下危重病人的血清甲状腺激素水平比较差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；而危重病人死亡组的APACHE Ⅱ评分明显高于存活组的APACHE Ⅱ评分(P＜0．001)。结论 非甲状腺疾病的危重病人常出现甲状腺功能指标异常。血清甲状腺激素的变化不能作为判断病情的严重程度及评估预后的指标。而APACHEⅡ评分系统适用于危重病人严重程度及评估预后的评估。     

Chronic illness in adolescents: Transfer or transition to adult services?

It is widely believed that the improved survival of young people with chronic diseases will be associated with the development of appropriate services within the adult healthcare domain. There is, however, little evidence to suggest that this is happening at a rate commensurate with clinical requirements. This paper highlights the multiplicity of barriers that impede the development of transition services to facilitate the transfer of medical care from the paediatric to the adult domain. Different models of transition care are described, and the terms 'transfer' and 'transition' are differentiated. The clinical demand for service development is highlighted, as well as the need for specific research in this area of healthcare delivery.     

Developing a worker role: Stories of four people with mental illness

Background and Aims:  Work plays an important role in adults' well-being, irrespective of health status. Vocational rehabilitation can enable people with mental illness to return to open employment. A narrative approach was used to explore how individuals with a mental illness made sense of their work-related experiences.
Methods and Results:  Four Clubhouse members in open employment for at least 6 months completed in-depth, semistructured interviews, from which narratives were created to reveal events, significant persons and actions that assisted these individuals to resume work. Woven into the participants' stories were four 'impelling forces' contributing to a sense-of-self as a worker. These impelling forces were: support from significant others, the personal meaning of work, experiences within the Clubhouse programme, and the ongoing struggle with illness. Implications for occupational therapy practice are discussed.
Conclusion:  The findings of this study urge occupational therapists and others to provide opportunities to provide on-going support to people with a mental illness who seek paid employment.     

Impact of Generalist Care Managers on Patients with Diabetes

Objective. To determine how the addition of generalist care managers and collaborative information technology to an ambulatory team affects the care of patients with diabetes.
Study Setting. Multiple ambulatory clinics within Intermountain Health Care (IHC), a large integrated delivery network.
Study Design. A retrospective cohort study comparing diabetic patients treated by generalist care managers with matched controls was completed. Exposure patients had one or more contacts with a care manager; controls were matched on utilization, demographics, testing, and baseline glucose control. Using role-specific information technology to support their efforts, care managers assessed patients' readiness for change, followed guidelines, and educated and motivated patients.
Data Collection. Patient data collected as part of an electronic patient record were combined with care manager-created databases to assess timely testing of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and changes in LDL and HbA1c levels.
Principal Findings. In a multivariable model, the odds of being overdue for testing for HbA1c decreased by 21 percent in the exposure group ( n =1,185) versus the control group ( n =4,740). The odds of being tested when overdue for HbA1c or LDL increased by 49 and 26 percent, respectively, and the odds of HbA1c <7.0 percent also increased by 19 percent in the exposure group. The average HbA1c levels decreased more in the exposure group than in the controls. The effect on LDL was not significant.
Conclusions. Generalist care managers using computer-supported diabetes management helped increase adherence to guidelines for testing and control of HbA1c levels, leading to improved health status of patients with diabetes.     

Life Satisfaction in a Sample of Outpatients with Severe Mental Disorders: A Survey in Northern Italy

This paper presents a cross-sectional survey of subjective quality of life in a sample of 40 Italian patients with disabling mental disorders living in the community. The patients self-rated their quality of life by the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale. They were satisfied in relation to basic needs, such as housing, food or clothing and appreciated to some extent the services received, but were very unhappy about their income and their intimate sexual relationships. This Italian sample appeared less satisfied than most samples of people with severe mental disorders investigated by the same instrument in other countries. This may be related to the high level of psychopathology and disability shown by patients for whom survival in the community is in itself an achievement. However, lack of money and poor sexual life are common concerns of long-term mentally ill. How to address such problems is a major challenge for community psychiatric services.     

现代复苏技术在危重新生儿转运中的应用体会

目的：探讨现代复苏技术在危重新生儿转运中的应用及其临床价值。方法:对我院2000年3月-2004年2月危重新生儿转运中接受心肺脑复苏(CPCR)的26例息儿进行回顾性分析，总结出危重新生儿转运中CPCR程序及其要点。结果：在26例息儿中，转运前给予CPCR 18例，占69.2％；转运途中给予CPCR 8例，占30.8％；除2例息儿复苏失败于转运途中死亡外，其余24例均复苏成功，成功率为92.3％。结论：危重新生儿转运中的CPCR程序具有临床实用价值。     

信息支持对乳腺癌根治术患者疾病不确定感的影响

目的:探讨信息支持对乳腺癌根治术患者围手术期疾病不确定感的影响.方法:为类实验性研究,采用便利抽样方法抽取乳腺癌根治术患者共60例.前30例患者为对照组,后30例患者为实验组.采用疾病不确定感量表(MUIS)对60例患者于入院时、手术前、出院前进行疾病不确定感调查.实验组患者接受实验者提供的与疾病和康复相关的信息支持.对照组只接受病房护士提供的健康指导.结果:实验组在手术前以及出院时的疾病不确定感均比入院时明显下降(P< 0.05);与入院时相比,实验组在手术前和出院时的疾病不确定感的下降幅度远超过对照组的疾病不确定感的下降幅度(P<0.05).结论:对围手术期乳腺癌患者提供系统性的信息支持,能显著降低患者的疾病不确定感.