鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的探讨和评价鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床和影像学特点,以及显微外科技术和手术效果.方法回顾性分析本院1985年至2002年手术治疗的鞍结节脑膜瘤41例,分析其临床和影像学表现的特点.根据CT和MR的表现,将其分为大、中、小3型,采用4种不同的手术入路,比较全切除率、手术结果和并发症发生情况.结果鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床特点是早期出现单侧和双侧视力下降,视野改变不典型.MRI特点为明亮均一的增强,肿瘤中心在鞍上,伴基底硬膜尾征,蝶鞍不扩大.肿瘤的全切除率与肿瘤大小有关,中、小型肿瘤全切除率较高.眶上匙孔入路、翼点入路和眶颧入路显露满意和手术效果好,明显优于单侧额下入路.结论鞍结节脑膜瘤早期出现视力下降,以中、小型肿瘤为主.大多数鞍结节脑膜瘤可以完全及安全地切除,小、中型肿瘤宜采用眶上匙孔入路,中、大型肿瘤宜采用翼点侧裂入路,大型肿瘤宜采用眶颧入路切除肿瘤.     

TARP钢板系统在难复型寰枢椎脱位手术中的临床应用

目的探讨经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统（TARP）在难复型寰枢椎脱位的临床应用。方法自2003年4月-2004年9月，对13例陈旧性的难复型寰枢椎脱位患者行经口咽前路松解减压，应用TARP系统复位和固定，两侧寰枢关节间植入自体髂骨融合。结果除1例因跌倒引起螺钉松动再次脱位外，均固定牢固，融合理想，脊髓减压满意。结论经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统一次完成寰枢椎脱位的复位和固定是治疗陈旧性难复型寰枢椎脱位较为理想的手术方法。     

小骨窗前纵裂入路显微手术切除巨大颅咽管瘤(17例报告)

目的评价小骨窗前纵裂入路在颅咽管瘤手术中的应用价值及并发症。方法经小骨窗前纵裂入路切除巨大颅咽管瘤17例,对手术技术及结果进行总结。结果本组全切除15例、近全切除2例,无手术死亡病例。由于术中直视下处理肿瘤在垂体漏斗部位的粘连,可较好保护垂体柄、下丘脑结构及局部穿支血管,13例患者超过2年的随访未见肿瘤复发及再生长。结论经小骨窗前纵裂入路可直视下处理肿瘤鞍内、鞍上及三脑室前部分,是鞍上生长位置较高的大型颅咽管瘤安全有效的手术入路之一。     

Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位

目的 评价Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的可行性和近期临床效果.方法 对27例下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的患者,Ⅰ期行后路复位和前路减压植骨内固定术,定期X线摄片观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率,观察有无并发症发生,以ASIA分级判定脊髓功能的恢复情况.结果 随访6～32个月(平均21.5个月),27例患者均获得了完全复位,损伤节段稳定,颈椎高度和生理曲度维持良好,融合率为100%,内固定位置良好,无植骨块脱出或钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等并发症,脊髓功能平均提高1.4级,无一例患者出现神经症状加重.结论 Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁可获得满意的复位、彻底的减压和即刻稳定性的重建,有利于脊髓功能的恢复,近期临床疗效满意.     

神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路治疗巨大嗅沟脑膜瘤

目的探讨神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路治疗巨大嗅沟脑膜瘤的手术效果及手术技巧。方法采用内镜辅助、眶上锁孔入路（显微手术）治疗12例巨大（≥7cm）嗅沟脑膜瘤。结果肿瘤全切除9例（SimpsonⅠ级切除5例，Ⅱ级切除4例），次全切除（SimpsonⅢ级切除）3例。无手术死亡。10例随访3个月～2年，平均14个月。9例恢复正常生活，1例生活能自理。NRI随访9例，肿瘤无复发。结论利用神经内镜辅助及显微外科技术，采用眶上锁孔入路、对肿瘤进行分块切除治疗巨大嗅沟脑膜瘤，手术创伤小，疗效满意。     

面部移位入路手术治疗侵及颅底的放疗后复发鼻咽癌

目的 探讨采用上颌骨翻转面部移位入路手术切除侵及颅底放疗后复发鼻咽癌的疗效及临床意义。方法 11例侵及颅底放疗后复发鼻咽癌，均采用上颌骨翻转面部移位入路手术切除。结果 11例患者均达到显微镜下肿瘤全切除。全部患者随访10-46个月，因肿瘤复发死亡2例，带瘤生存1例，其余患者均无肿瘤复发，生活质量良好。手术并发症包括：创腔感染1例：患侧听力下降、耳鸣各1例；张口受限1例。结论 上颌骨翻转面部移位入路手术切除侵及颅底复发鼻咽癌具有显露充分、肿瘤切除彻底的优点，其疗效满意，可作为放疗术后复发广泛侵及颅底的鼻咽癌的一种治疗选择。     

枕骨大孔区腹侧脑膜瘤的显微手术技术探讨

目的探讨远外侧入路在治疗枕骨大孔区腹侧脑膜瘤中的应用。方法对14例脑膜瘤患者采用远外侧入路显微手术治疗,其中枕髁后入路8例,经部分枕髁入路3例,经C1、2关节面侧方联合部分枕髁入路2例,经完整枕髁入路1例。结果肿瘤全切11例,次全切除3例;1例行枕颈融合,无手术死亡病例。所有患者术后均未出现寰枕关节不稳定的症状,手术并发症主要是后组颅神经损伤、椎动脉损伤、脑脊液漏以及脑干缺血。结论远外侧入路是手术治疗下斜坡区和上段颈髓腹侧、腹外侧病变的理想入路,可以理想显露肿瘤及其基底部并减少术中出血,但手术操作比较复杂且具有一定的风险。     

Approach through the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle for clipping of large dorsal type basilar bifurcation aneurysms

Summary The authors describe an approach through the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle which proved to be useful for clipping of a large dorsal type basilar bifurcation aneurysms. It facilitates the preservation of the perforating arteries behind the aneurysm, because it gives sufficient working space to move the aneurysm dome. Furthermore this approach avoids many of the disadvantages of other approaches, especially the risk of iatrogenic injuries of the Sylvian or Labe's vein.     

时滞系统鲁棒稳定性的新判据

基于Ｌｙａｐｎｕｏｖ泛函方法，研究了满足匹配条件的不确定性时滞系统的鲁棒稳定性及具有稳定度β〉０鲁棒稳定性，给出了已有结果不能推出的新判据。这些新判据对已有结果难以使用的情况下也可有是有效的，或有时减少了已有结果的保守性。     

Parental alcoholism and early child development

In a cohort of 532 pregnant women from the general population, it was found by compilation of the results from interviews, police records, hospital records and social welfare records that 23 mothers and 51 fathers in 64 families (12%) were suffering from alcoholism/heavy drinking. In these 64 families, the mother was an addict in only 13 families, both parents were addicts in 10 families, and in the remaining 41 families only the father was an addict. Pregnancy, delivery, the newborn child and the child's development until their fourth year of life have been described using a multidisciplinary approach and a longitudinal prospective design. An hypothesis on mental and physical development, and the occurrence of psychopathological symptoms in the children was tested. None of the children of the 13 alcoholic mothers was born with foetal alcohol syndrome, but foetal hazard was indicated by lower birth weight and a higher rate of perinatal deaths. Children of alcoholic parents had retarded mental development and showed more behavioural problems until 4 years of age than controls, but the differences related to physical development during the first year of life had then disappeared. Boys were found to be more vulnerable than girls. The consequences of behaviour seemed to be more pronounced when both parents were alcoholics. No obvious deviation was found when only the father was addicted. Regarding mental development, it appears that factors related to parental alcoholism, including genetic and social factors, and the sex of the child, are of greater importance than the neonatal score on reduced optimality.