睡眠鼾症患者131例多导睡眠图分析

目的 探讨多导睡眠图和动态SaO2监测在临床诊断阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的意义及体重指数(BMI)对OSAHS患者睡眠质量和SaO2的影响.方法 主诉睡眠打鼾患者131例,根据夜间多导睡眠图(PSG)监测结果分为4组,即单纯鼾症组、轻度、中度、重度OSAHS组.对PSG监测指标进行组间比较,对睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和SaO2(%)相关指标、BMI和PSG监测指标作直线相关分析.结果 ①102例被诊断为不同程度的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS),四组间每小时呼吸暂停 低通气数、累计数、累计时间、AHI、SaO2≥3%的脱饱和度次数和SaO2≤90%时间比例比较有统计学差异.②所有患者AHI和SaO2相关指标呈显著负相关,和BMI呈显著正相关,睡眠期最低SaO2和BMI呈显著负相关.结论 使用PSG对OSAHS进行诊断及病情判断须结合AHI和睡眠期最低SaO2;每小时呼吸暂停或/和低通气数、累计数、累计时间、AHI是OSAHS诊断和分度的可靠指标;SaO2≤90%时间占睡眠总时间的比例为单纯动态SaO2监测OSAHS提供诊断和分度的参考指标;肥胖是导致SAHS的重要危险因子,BMI可作为睡眠呼吸暂停的一个重要判断指标.     

Efficacy and safety assessment of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) mask for OSAHS therapy

Objective

We have designed the expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) mask to provide a new sort of therapeutic strategies for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS). And this study aims to assess the safety, efficacy and compliance of the EPAP therapy.

Three components of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome

The aims of this study were to calculate the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which represented as the number of apnea-hypopnea occurrences per hour, the 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI4) and the breathing-related arousal index (B-ArI) in polysomnographic studies of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients and to investigate whether there was any relationship between each pair of scoring schemes. Thirty-four cases of OSAHS were studied. Total OSAHS patients were subdivided into those with a high AHI (> 25), and those with a low AHI (< 25). The correlation between each pair of scoring schemes for OSAHS with a high AHI showed high value. The correlation between AHI and ODI4 for OSAHS with a low AHI was 0.18 and that between AHI and B-ArI showed a weak correlation of 0.59, while that between ODI4 and B-ArI was only -0.078. Our results mean that oxygen desaturation and arousal occur separately in mild or moderate OSAHS patients, even though they are diagnosed with the same level of OSAHS by means of AHI. Breathing-related arousal without oxygen desaturation often occurs in mild or moderate OSAHS patients. We previously reported that AHI does not accurately reflect the severity of the increase in negativity of esophageal pressure manifested as respiratory efforts. We consider that the comprehension and assessment of OSAHS can be improved by the systematic differentiations among the three components: oxygen desaturation, arousals and respiratory efforts.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的探索阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与代谢综合征(MS)的相关关系。方法86例男性OSAHS患者(OSAHS组)按照呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻、中及重度OSAHS亚组。241例(AHI<5)年龄和体重相匹配的健康男性作为正常对照组。其中25例OSAHS和MS并存患者进行CPAP治疗(治疗组)。比较OSAHS组与对照组,以及治疗组治疗前后MS的患病率,外周循环代谢参数的差异和相关性。分析治疗组CPAP治疗前后胰岛素抵抗(IR)的改变。结果舒张压、平均压、臀围、腰围、腰臀比、HDL-C在OSAHS组和对照组差异有显著性;OSAHS组及各亚组MS患病率均显著高于对照组,且MS患病率随OSAHS程度加重而显著增高;多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示OSAHS为MS的危险因素,其中重度OSAHS患者比正常对照组患病危险增加43倍多;多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示OSAHS是MS的独立危险因素。CPAP治疗后,治疗组患者腰围、收缩压、舒张压、FBG均有显著降低,IR改善,MS患病比例下降。结论OSAHS与MS密切相关,是MS的独立危险因素之一;CPAP治疗能改善胰岛素抵抗,降低MS患病率。     

UPPP手术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清hs-CRP的影响

目的探讨悬雍垂腭咽成形术(uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,UPPP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrom,OSAHS)患者血清超敏C-反应蛋白(high sensitive C-creative protein,hs-CRP)的影响。方法选择20例OSAHS患者,先后进行UPPP手术,术前均被抽取晨起血清,检测hs-CRP。术后3个月再次测量血清hs-CRP,同时设立两对照组进行对照研究。结果OSAHS患者术前的血清hs-CRP水平明显高于两个对照组(P<0.05),术后3个月明显降低。结论hs-CRP可以作为预测此类患者发生心血管疾病的指标,而UPPP手术可以降低OSAHS患者血清hs-CRP水平,从而减少OSAHS患者心血管疾病的发病率。     

低温等离子消融术及UPPP术治疗OSAHS的疗效观察比较

目的研究阻塞性睡眠期呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAnS）新治疗方法以及低温等离子消融术和悬雍垂腭咽成形术（UPPP）两种方法疗效分析。方法对68例OSAHS病例随机分为两组，44例进行低温等离子消融术，24例行UPPP术，并随访6月。结果63例全部痊愈，解除阻塞性睡眠期呼吸暂停低通气综合征，5例无效。治愈率治疗组为93．18％，观察组为91．67％。结论对OSAHS病人采用低温等离子消融术与UPPP术同样具有很好的疗效，是一种值得推广的新方法。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与心律失常的关系

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与心律失常的关系。方法160例睡眠打鼾患者经多导睡眠呼吸监测仪(PSG)进行夜间7h以上睡眠监测并同步监测24h动态心电图,根据PSG监测结果分为98例OSAHS组和62例正常对照组进行对照分析。结果OSAHS组睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、动态脉搏容积血氧饱和度(SpO2)改变及心律失常发生率较对照组差别有显著意义(P<0.01),伴随着呼吸暂停、SpO2下降心率变化呈周期性改变,SpO2低于80%时心律失常发生率明显增多。结论OSAHS患者夜间睡眠时的低氧血症、自主神经张力的改变是引起心律失常的重要原因。     

睡眠监测仪的应用及护理

目的：通过睡眠监测仪对78例因打鼾就诊的患者进行多导睡眠监测，尽可能早期就诊，及时有效的治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）。方法：患者监测参数包括脑电图、眼动图、下颌肌电图、上颌肌电图、口鼻气流、胸腹呼吸运动、血氧饱和度、体位、心电图等。结果：检测出轻度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）13例，中度28例，重度19例。结论：了解患者平时的睡眠习惯．电极安装，睡眠监测后的护理，提高了持续气道正压（CPAP）通气治疗的依从性，从根本上改善了OSAHS患者的生活质量。     

The Association of Sleep Apnea and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Long-Term Major Cardiovascular Events

ObjectiveTo determine the risk of long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) when sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) co-occur.MethodsWe included consecutive patients who underwent symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise tests between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2010, followed by first-time diagnostic polysomnography within 6 months. Patients were stratified based on the presence of moderate-to-severe SDB (apnea/hypopnea index ≥15 per hour) and decreased CRF defined as <70% predicted peak oxygen consumption (VO₂). Long-term MACE was a composite outcome of myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and death, assessed until May 21, 2018. Cox-proportional hazard models were adjusted for factors known to influence CRF and MACE.ResultsOf 498 included patients (60±13 years, 28.1% female), 175 (35%) had MACE (MI=17, PCI=14, CABG=13, stroke=20, TIA=12, deaths=99) at a median follow-up of 8.7 years (interquartile range=6.5 to 10.3 years). After adjusting for age, sex, beta blockers, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, and use of positive airway pressure (PAP), decreased CRF alone (hazard ratio [HR]=1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 3.18; P=.01), but not SDB alone (HR=1.26, 95% CI, 0.75 to 2.13, P=.39) was associated with increased risk of MACE. Those with SDB and decreased CRF had greater risk of MACE compared with patients with decreased CRF alone (HR=1.85; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.84; P<.005) after accounting for these confounders. The risk of MACE was attenuated in those with reduced CRF alone after additionally adjusting for adequate adherence to PAP (HR=1.59; 95% CI, 0.77 to 3.31; P=.21).ConclusionThe incidence of MACE, especially mortality, was high in this sample. Moderate-to-severe SDB with concurrent decreased CRF was associated with higher risk of MACE than decreased CRF alone. These results highlight the importance of possibly including CRF in the risk assessment of patients with SDB and, conversely, that of screening for SDB in patients with low peak VO₂.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压、高同型半胱氨酸血症的研究进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS)、高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)及高血压病均为脑血管病的危险因素。目前对于同时存在OSAHS、HHcy及高血压病的情况研究仍较少,本文就OSAHS患者合并HHcy、高血压病的研究现状进行综述。