Changing trends in surgical outcomes after major hepatobiliary resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a single-center experience over 25 years

Background/Purpose

Hepatobiliary resection (HBR) for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCa) remains a technically demanding procedure and is still associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in surgical outcomes following major HBR for HCCa at a single center over a 25-year period.

Methods

Between 1980 and 2004, 126 patients undergoing preoperative biliary drainage, portal vein embolization, and major HBR were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the chronological treatment period; i.e., patients who underwent surgery during the initial 20-year period (1980–1999; early group [EG]) and those who underwent surgery during the most recent 5-year period (2000–2004; late group [LG]). Clinicopathological variables were compared retrospectively between the two groups.

Results

The mortality rate improved from 7.9% in the EG to 0% in the LG, but this difference did not reach the level of statistical significance (P = 0.058). The overall survival rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 82.4%, 43.9%, and 35.2%, respectively. The overall survival rate was similar in the two groups (P = 0.153). Morbidity was documented in 57.1% of all the patients, and was comparable in the two groups (P = 0.471), but the rate of major morbidity was significantly higher in the EG (P = 0.031). Red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma transfusion requirements were significantly reduced in the LG, both in regard to the number of patients and the amount of blood product administered. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly reduced, from 74.4 + ?56.3 days in the EG to 29.0 + ?11.8 days in the LG (P < 0.001). Sixty-nine patients (54.8%) had stage III or IV disease (according to the General rules for surgical and pathological studies on cancer of the biliary tract of the Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery), and 55 patients (43.7%) showed positive surgical margins. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of surgical margins or pathological staging.

Conclusions

Improvements were documented in rates of major morbidity, length of hospital stay, and the mortality rate in the LG when compared with the EG. The overall survival rate was similar in the two groups. Blood transfusion requirements were significantly reduced in the LG when compared with the EG. However, the high proportion of patients with positive surgical margins remains a significant problem.

     

A role for the hepatobiliary system in IgE-mediated intestinal inflammation in the rat

BACKGROUND: For many years the central focus of research into gastrointestinal hypersensitivity reactions has been the mast cell population of the intestinal lamina propria. Since bile is known to deliver immunological mediators to the gastrointestinal tract, the possibility arises that extra-intestinal populations of mast cells may also contribute to IgE-mediated intestinal damage. OBJECTIVES: To characterize hepatic mast cells in the rat and to investigate the role of the hepatobiliary system in a model of IgE-mediated reactivity to dietary antigen. METHODS: Wistar rats were passively sensitized with monoclonal antidinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibodies, and were later challenged orogastrically with DNP-HSA. Additional animals were sensitized, then bile duct-cannulated prior to antigen challenge. At various time points, liver and intestinal samples were collected for histological examination, and bile was collected and assayed for histamine and TNFalpha. RESULTS: Hepatic mast cells display a mucosal mast cell-like phenotype, and are closely associated with the vessels of the portal triads. Orogastric antigen challenge led to a rapid and significant decline (P<0.0001) in detectable mast cells as a result of anaphylactic degranulation. The median number of granulated mast cells associated with each portal triad in liver sections declined from six per portal triad to one per portal triad post-antigen challenge. After 15 min, biliary histamine concentrations rose above background levels (P<0.01). TNFalpha was also detectable in the majority (4/6) of bile samples within 15 min of challenge. Histological examination of the gastrointestinal mucosa revealed disruption to the villous epithelium ranging from oedematous changes to gross destruction. Such damage was not seen in animals in which bile had been externally drained. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that biliary products are major contributors to the gastrointestinal damage arising from IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions in the rat, and such hypersensitivity reactions may involve a population of mast cells which reside in the liver.     

Effect of nitric oxide on gallbladder motility in patients with acalculous biliary pain: a cholescintigraphic study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the exogenous nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrate on cerulein-induced gallbladder contraction in patients with acalculous biliary pain. Quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed on 33 patients. From the 60th min cerulein (1 ng/kg body wt/min for 10 min intravenous) then from the 90th min the same dose of cerulein plus glyceryl trinitrate (0.5 mg sublingually) (21 patients) or placebo (12 patients) were administered and the gallbladder ejection fraction was measured repeatedly. After the first dose of caerulein, the gallbladder ejection fraction was less than 35% in 23 of 33 patients (nonresponders), while it was more than 35% in the remaining 10 patients (responders). After the second dose of cerulein in 16 nonresponder patients glyceryl trinitrate administration significantly increased the previously impaired gallbladder ejection fraction while in 7 nonresponder patients placebo administration had no effect. In conclusion, normalization of the gallbladder ejection fraction in the majority of patients following glyceryl trinitrate administration suggests that impairment of gallbladder emptying is caused by a functional motility disorder rather than any organic disease.     

肝胆胰疾病患者十一种血清蛋白质定量测定及其临床意义

收集114例临床确诊肝胆胰疾病患者血清,应用贝克曼全自动免疫分析仪(Array Protein Systen m)联合定量检测11种血清蛋白质,发现胆管结石及胆囊疾病患者血清IgG、IgA,IgM、AAT和AMG升高,TRF和CER降低,而C3、C4、AAG和CRP正常;胰腺疾病IgG、IgA和AAT升高,TRF和CER降低,IgM、C3、C4、AAG、AMG及CRP正常;肝癌患者IgG、IgA、IgM、AMG、AAT和CRP升高,TRF降低,C3、C4、AAG和CER正常;肝硬化患者IgG、IgA、IgM、AMG和AAT升高,C3、C4、TRF、AAG和CER降低,CRP正常.肝胆结石与非肝胆结石患者比较,血清IgG、IgA、IgM、CER和AMG降低,C3和C4升高,这对临床鉴别诊断有一定意义.肝胆结石患者手术后CRP、IgA和AAG明显升高,是术后观察的有用指标.11种血清蛋白质分别与Bil-T、ALP和ALT测定结果作相关性分析,发现C3与ALP、TRF与ALT呈正相关,其余蛋白质与Bil-T、ALP和ALT则相关不显著(P>0.05).     

Hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma with cystadenoma elements of the gall bladder in an old man

Hepatobiliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the gall bladder have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and jaundice. Imaging techniques revealed hemobilia and a multilocular cystic tumor in the fundus of the gall bladder, and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the tumor (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The tumor was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the gall bladder fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into gall bladder lumen. The mucosa appeared free of tumor involvement, and no gall stones were recognized. Microscopically, the tumor was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The tumor consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, dysplastic mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive carcinoma cells. Malignant and atypical tumor cells were located in the center of the tumor and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign tumor cells were located in the peripheral portions of the tumor and in the serosal side. Neither ovarian stroma-like mesenchymal stroma nor an oncocytic change in tumor cells was recognized. Non-tumorous gall bladder showed chronic cholecystitis. Immunohistochemically, benign and carcinoma cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, MUC1, MUC5AC and MUC6, and carcinoma cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and p53 protein. The present case indicates that hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma without mesenchymal stroma may occur in the gall bladder of old men, and suggests that hepatobiliary cystadenoma without mesenchymal stroma may transform into hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma in the gall bladder.     

99mTc-EHIDA肝胆显像在先天性胆道闭锁诊断中的价值

目的评价99mTc—EHIDA肝胆显像在先天性胆道闭锁(BA)诊断中的临床价值。方法对45例有持续性黄疸的患儿,进行99mTc—EHIDA肝胆显像检查.并经手术病理和临床随访结果证实。结果最终诊断为BA的加例患儿中.99mTc—EHIDA肝胆显像全部检出;非BA组25例中15例为真阴性,10例为假阳性,灵敏度、特异度和准确性分别为100%、60%和77.8%。结论99mTc—EHIDA肝胆显像是一种无创、安全、有效的检查方法,对于BA的诊断,有较高的临床价值。     

Clinically meaningful changes in health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed with hepatobiliary carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To test the reliability, sensitivity to change in biomarkers associated with disease progression and response to treatment, and clinical meaningfulness of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) in patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-eight patients diagnosed with hepatobiliary carcinoma were prospectively studied. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was assessed at baseline (prior to treatment), 3-month follow-up (n=55) and 6-month follow-up (n=27). RESULTS: The internal consistency of all the scales of the FACT-Hep were adequate at all time points (>0.75). The FACT-Hep was found to be sensitive to changes in clinical indicators (alkaline phosphate, alpha-fetoprotein, hemoglobin and survival) that reflect disease progression and response to treatment. Combined results from distribution-based and cross-sectional anchor-based analyses provide the following minimally important difference (MID) estimates: FACT-General (FACT-G) subscales=2-3; FACT-G=6-7; Hepatobiliary Cancer Subscale=5-6; FACT-Hep=8-9; Trial Outcome Index=7-8; and FACT-Hepatobiliary Symptom Index=2-3 points. CONCLUSIONS: The FACT-Hep is a reliable instrument that is responsive to clinical indicators of disease progression and response to treatment. The MID estimates can aid interpretation of HRQL data and facilitate sample size calculation in clinical trials.     

经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术治疗梗阻性黄疸的护理效果分析

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographic drainage,PTCD)治疗梗阻性黄疸的护理方法及干预效果.方法 于2018年1月—2020年6月,按照随机数字表法,将医院接受PTCD治疗且确诊梗阻性黄疸的80例患者随机分为对照组与观察组各40例...     

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI radiomic features for predicting histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundPrediction models for the histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study is to develop preoperative models to predict histological grade of HCC based on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics. And to compare the performance between artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression model.MethodsA total of 122 HCCs were randomly assigned to the training set (n=85) and the test set (n=37). There were 242 radiomic features extracted from volumetric of interest (VOI) of arterial and hepatobiliary phases images. The radiomic features and clinical parameters [gender, age, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST)] were selected by permutation test and decision tree. ANN of arterial phase (ANN-AP), logistic regression model of arterial phase (LR-AP), ANN of hepatobiliary phase (ANN-HBP), logistic regression mode of hepatobiliary phase (LR-HBP), ANN of combined arterial and hepatobiliary phases (ANN-AP + HBP), and logistic regression model of combined arterial and hepatobiliary phases (LR-AP + HBP) were built to predict HCC histological grade. Those prediction models were assessed and compared.ResultsANN-AP and LR-AP were composed by AST and radiomic features based on arterial phase. ANN-HBP and LR-HBP were composed by AFP and radiomic features based on hepatobiliary phase. ANN-AP + HBP and LR-AP + HBP were composed by AST and radiomic features based on arterial and hepatobiliary phases. The prediction models could distinguish between high-grade tumors [Edmondson-Steiner (E-S) grade III and IV] and low-grade tumors (E-S grade I and II) in both training set and test set. In the test set, the AUCs of ANN-AP, LR-AP, ANN-HBP, LR-HBP, ANN-AP + HBP and LR-AP + HBP were 0.889, 0.777, 0.941, 0.819, 0.944 and 0.792 respectively. The ANN-HBP was significantly superior to LR-HBP (P=0.001). And the ANN-AP + HBP was significantly superior to LR-AP + HBP (P=0.007).ConclusionsPrediction models consisting of clinical parameters and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI radiomic features (based on arterial phase, hepatobiliary phase, and combined arterial and hepatobiliary phases) could distinguish between high-grade HCCs and low-grade HCCs. And the ANN was superior to logistic regression model in predicting histological grade of HCC.     

肝硬化患者胆囊运动功能与Child-Pugh分级的相关性研究

探讨肝硬化患者胆囊运动功能与Child-Pugh分级之间的关系。研究对象分为正常对照组14例和肝硬化组62例,并行Child—Pugh分级。全部受试者均行mTc—EHIDA肝胆动态显像得到:①潜伏期(LP);②排胆期(EP);计算③排胆分数(GBEF);④排胆率(ER)。比较正常对照组与肝硬化组GBEF、LP、ER,可见肝硬化患者GBEF和ER明显低于正常对照组(P<0．01),LP高于正常对照组(P<0．05)。Child-Pugh A级、B级、C级三组的胆石发生率和胆囊运动异常发生率分别为:7．7％和15．4％,19．0％和19．0％,35．7%和46．4％。Child-Pugh分级越高,胆囊运动异常发生率越高(P<0．05),胆结石发生率也越高(但P>0．05),同时胆囊壁厚度越厚(P<0．05)。肝硬化患者的胆囊运动功能减弱,且与肝功能损害程度有一定的关系。