凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光散射联用技术研究 红芪多糖中4个组分分子特征

目的:测定红芪多糖3(HPS-3)中4个组分的绝对分子量,相对分子质量分布,均方根旋转半径(Rg),多分散系数(Mw/Mn)等分子特征参数,以均方根旋转半径(Rg)对重均分子量(Mw)作图,计算4个组分在溶液状态的构象。方法:采用凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光散射(GPC-MALLS)联用技术,流动相为含0.02%NaN3的0.1 mol.L-1NaNO3溶液,Ultrahydro-gelTM1000,500色谱柱串联。结果:HPS-3的4个组分中,HPS-3-C的Mw最大(1.986×105g.mol-1);其次为HPS-3-B(1.113×105 g.mol-1)和HPS-3-D(8.457×104 g.mol-1);HPS-3-A的Mw最小(1.223×104 g.mol-1),而Rg最大(55.5 nm)。HPS-3-D相对分子质量分布范围最广,Mw/Mn 2.543。在流动相中,HPS-3-A为球型构象,HPS-3-C为无规则线团构象,HPS-3-B和HPS-3-D则均为高枝化度结构。结论:为进一步研究HPS-3中4个组分分子特征与其生物活性的关系提供必要依据。     

青岛地区1306例甲状腺癌的临床病理特征分析

背景与目的：甲状腺癌(thyroid cancer,TC)发病率在全球范围不断攀升,但存在地区差异。该研究旨在探讨青岛这一典型东部沿海城市的TC发病情况和临床病理特点,以及该地区近年来甲状腺手术疾病谱的变化。方法：回顾性分析青岛大学附属医院2014年行甲状腺切除术的2251例甲状腺结节患者,对其中1306例TC患者的临床病理特征进一步统计分析,并与该院前期数据及美国Surveillance Epidemiology End Results(-SEER)数据库比较。结果：随着该院甲状腺手术例数的逐年上升,其中TC的比例亦由2010年的34.8%上升至2014年的59.0%。TC高发于20～54岁年龄段,较SEER数据库前移(U=2289,P=0.000),男女比例为1∶2.80,其中超重和肥胖者占50.2%。78.2%的TC患者初诊时无明显临床症状或体征,16.6%已有可看到或摸到的甲状腺结节,仅有5.2%因声音嘶哑或其他压迫症状就诊。2014年微小癌占该院TC的61.7%,较2010年(37.7%)明显增多。该院TC伴有颈部淋巴结转移者比例明显高于SEER数据库(49.5%vs 26%,χ2=11.806,P=0.001),且微小癌伴有颈部淋巴结转移率亦高达31.3％。TC各病理类型所占比例分别为：乳头状癌97.5%、滤泡癌1.1%、髓样癌1.0%、未分化癌0.5%,乳头状癌比例略高于SEER数据库(U=4654.5,P=0.055)。结论：青岛地区甲状腺手术逐年增多,TC术前诊断准确率逐年提高。该地区TC发病呈相对年轻化、超重化及高淋巴结转移趋势。微小癌比率增高提示该地区筛查及体检等预防意识的普及,微小癌中较高的淋巴结转移率提示该地区微小癌的侵袭性不容忽视。     

军人失眠症患者睡眠的认知心理特点与个性特征的相关研究

目的探讨军人失眠症患者对睡眠的认知心理特点及与个性特征的关系。方法采用睡眠的个人信念和态度量表(DBAS)和艾森克个性问卷-成人版(EPQ)对48例军人失眠症患者(失眠症组)进行调查分析,并随机抽取某部50例官兵作为对照组。结果失眠症组患者的DBAS总分及各因子分和对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);EPQ的内外向和神经质因子分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);DBAS总分及各因子分和神经质呈正相关(r=0.159～0.234;P<0.05,P<0.01),与内外向呈负相关(r=-0.162～-0.238;P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论军人失眠症患者存在着大量与睡眠相关的错误认知,个性特征与这些错误认知有明显的相关性。     

Comparative Study on the Generation and Characteristics of Debris Induced by Fretting and Sliding

Objectives: The aim of the present work was to comparatively investigate the generation and characteristics of fretting and sliding wear debris produced by CuNiAl against 42CrMo4. Methods: Tribological tests were conducted employing a self-developed tribometer. Most experimental conditions were set the same except for the amplitudes and number of cycles. Morphological, chemical, microstructural and dimensional features of the worn area and debris were investigated using optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and a laser particle sizer. Outcomes: Not only wear scar profiles but also the wear debris color, distribution and generated amount under fretting and sliding wear modes were quite different, which can be attributed to the significant difference in wear mechanisms. Particle size analysis indicates that the fretting debris has a smaller size distribution range; the biggest detected fretting and sliding wear debris sizes were 141 μm and 355 μm, respectively. Both fretting and sliding debris are mainly composed of copper and its oxides, but the former shows a higher oxidation degree.     

Biological Characteristics of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Viruses Isolated in China

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) causes severe respiratory disease in chickens and results in huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. To correlate the genomic difference with the replication and pathogenicity, phenotypes of three ILTVs isolated from chickens in China from 2016 to 2018 were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. Based on the entire genome, the isolates GD2018 and SH2017 shared 99.9% nucleotide homology, while the isolate SH2016 shared 99.7% nucleotide homology with GD2018 and SH2017, respectively. Each virus genome contained 82 ORFs encoding 77 kinds of protein, 31 of which share the same amino acid sequence in the three viruses. GD2018 and SH2017 shared 57 proteins with the same amino acid sequence, while SH2016 shared 42 and 41 proteins with the amino acid sequences of GD2018 and SH2017, respectively. SH2016 propagated efficiently in allantoic fluid and on chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of SPF chicken embryo eggs, while GD2018 and SH2017 proliferated well only on CAMs. GD2018 propagated most efficiently on CAMs and LMH cells among three isolates. SH2016 caused serious clinical symptoms, while GD2018 and SH2017 caused mild and moderate clinical symptoms in chickens, although the sero of the chickens infected with those three isolates were all positive for anti-ILTV antibody at 14 and 21 days after challenge. Three ILTVs with high genetic homology showed significant differences in the replication in different culture systems and the pathogenicity of chickens, providing basic materials for studying the key determinants of pathogenicity of ILTV.     

Genetically Diverse Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1/H5N8) Viruses among Wild Waterfowl and Domestic Poultry,Japan, 2021

Genetic analyses of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 subtype viruses isolated from the Izumi Plain, Japan, revealed cocirculation of 2 genetic groups of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses among migratory waterfowl. Our findings demonstrate that both continuous surveillance and timely information sharing of avian influenza viruses are valuable for rapid risk assessment.     

Structure of Randomly Distributed Nanochain Aggregates on Silicon Substrates: Modeling and Optical Absorption Characteristics

Nanoparticle aggregate structures allow for efficient photon capture, and thus exhibit excellent optical absorption properties. In this study, a model of randomly distributed nanochain aggregates on silicon substrates is developed and analyzed. The Gaussian, uniform, and Cauchy spatial distribution functions are used to characterize the aggregate forms of the nanochains and their morphologies are realistically reconstructed. The relationships between the structural parameters (thickness and filling factor), equivalent physical parameters (density, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity), and visible absorptivity of the structures are established and analyzed. All the above-mentioned parameters exhibit extreme values, which maximize the visible-range absorption; these values are determined by the material properties and nanochain aggregate structure. Finally, Al nanochain aggregate samples are fabricated on Si substrates by reducing the kinetic energy of the metal vapor during deposition. The spectral reflection characteristics of the samples are studied experimentally. The Spearman correlation coefficients for the calculated spectral absorption curves and those measured experimentally are higher than 0.82, thus confirming that the model is accurate. The relative errors between the calculated visible-range absorptivities and the measured data are less than 0.3%, further confirming the accuracy of the model.     

Tinnitus characteristics and associated variables on Tinnitus Handicap Inventory among a Hungarian population

BackgroundTinnitus is a sound precepted without an external sound stimulus. Its background can be categorised into primary and secondary cases. The secondary cases include pathologies of the external, middle and inner ear. Tinnitus can be objective or subjective; the latter can only identified by the sufferer. Previous research results have shown that tinnitus significantly affects the quality of life and daily functioning.ObjectivesTo analyse the impact of tinnitus on the daily functioning and the possible influence of demographical data and tinnitus duration on it.Methods630 patients (265 males and 365 females, 25–85 years of age) suffering from primary tinnitus were enrolled. In the Hungarian language, these patients completed the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire and underwent a complete otorhinolaryngological examination. IBM SPSS V24 software was used for data processing; correlation tests, the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were used.ResultsAccording to the THI questionnaires outcomes, most patients (62.5%) were presented with a mild handicap. Based on statistical analysis, no significant correlation was observed between the total THI points and the age of the patients, along with the duration and localisation of the symptoms. However, the total THI scores of male and female patients significantly differed, indicating higher THI values in the female group (p = 0.000521).ConclusionsThe tinnitus severity was not affected by the duration, localisation of the symptoms and age but by gender, indicating higher values in the case of females.