棍棒操对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能康复的效果观察

目的 探索中医药适宜技术棍棒操对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能康复的效果观察。 方法 选择上海市青浦区香花桥社区30例脑卒中偏瘫患者,上肢处于Brunnstrom I～Ⅲ级,下肢处于BrunnstromⅣ级以上,采用棍棒操训练,干预一年后对30例脑卒中偏瘫患者的日常活动能力和肢体运动功能进行评定。 结果 脑卒中患者的日常生活综合功能有了提高,FCA量表评分与干预前比较差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),运动功能部分恢复,下肢和手运动功能Brunnstrom分期评定差异无显著性(P>0.05),上肢运动功能恢复较好,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。 结论 中医药适宜技术棍棒操能改善肩关节活动度,提高上肢功能,最终提高患者日常生活综合功能,对提高患者生活质量具有重要意义。     

脑卒中偏瘫患者健侧膝关节的运动学特征观察

目的:观察脑卒中偏瘫患者在异常步态时健侧膝关节的运动情况,为临床康复评定和治疗提供依据。方法:运用Opti-Knee膝关节运动功能参数检测仪对符合纳入标准的60例脑卒中偏瘫患者作为观察组进行步态分析,与其基本情况相匹配的健康者60例作为对照组,进行步行时健侧膝关节运动分析。评价2组间在步行中健侧膝关节6个自由度(屈伸、内外旋、内外翻、前后位移、上下位移、内外位移)的运动角度以及支撑期的最大伸角和摆动期的最大屈角的变化。结果:观察组脑卒中患者的健侧膝关节活动范围与对照组比较,其健侧膝的屈伸角、内外旋、内外翻的活动范围均显著小于正常组(P<0.01,P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组脑卒中患者健侧膝的最大伸角和最大屈角均显著减小(P<0.05,0.01)。结论:通过Opti-Knee膝关节运动功能参数检测仪分析偏瘫患者健侧膝关节活动范围,可以帮助确定偏瘫步态基本特征,为下一步的康复训练提供临床依据。     

感觉整合模式对偏瘫患者维持平衡的作用

目的:为探讨感觉整合模式变化对平衡功能的影响,本研究测量了偏瘫患者治疗前后稳定性及平衡觉三要素的参与比例。方法:符合站立条件的偏瘫患者(54.22±8.63岁)40例,利用Pro-Kine Line 254P动静态平衡仪在训练前后分别记录平板睁眼(T1)、平板闭眼(T2)、海绵睁眼(T3)、海绵闭眼(T4)四种状态下的相关指标,分析视觉、本体觉及前庭觉的变化及对平衡的影响。结果:T1状态时,移动轨迹长(Len=202.88±52.32mm)和平均移动速度(Sv=6.76±1.75mm/s)较训练前更稳定有差异(P0.05),其他指标无差异;T2时,移动轨迹长(Len=10.45±5.66mm)较训练前更稳定有差异(P0.05),其他指标无差异;T3时,移动轨迹长(Len=430.62±159.38mm)、运动椭圆面积(Area=430.59±318.45mm2)、平均移动速度(Sv=14.35±5.31mm/s)较训练前更稳定有差异(P0.05);T4时,站立时间(time=28.07±5.08s)较训练前更长有差异(P0.05),其他指标无差异。训练前视觉、本体觉、前庭觉的参与比例为31.59%、31.39%、61.05%;训练后视觉、本体觉、前庭觉的参与比例为26.11%、34.59%、58.84%。结论:不同阶段的视觉反馈训练可以有效地提高偏瘫患者的平衡能力;训练前视觉代偿对人体维持平衡有重要作用;训练后视觉参与比例下降,本体觉参与比例上升,提示康复训练可以改变平衡感觉整合模式,改善平衡功能,因此可将本体觉与视觉参与比例变化作为监测指标,以指导偏瘫患者康复训练。     

肌电生物反馈联合康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动及认知功能的改善效果

目的探讨肌电生物反馈(EMG-BF)联合康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动及认知功能的改善效果。方法将80例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组给予康复治疗,观察组给予康复训练联合EMG-BF治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果治疗后,两组肩关节外展、外旋、内旋的活动度、上肢各项FMA评分、MoCA、SS-QOL评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论EMG-BF联合康复训练治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者,可有效改善上肢运动运动、认知功能及生活质量。     

Postural control during sit-to-stand movement and its relationship with upright position in children with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy and in typically developing children

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to compare postural control in typically developing (TD) children and children with cerebral palsy (CP) during the sit-to-stand (STS) movement and to assess the relationship between static (during static standing position) and dynamic postural control (during STS movement) in both groups.

METHOD:

The center of pressure (CoP) behavior of 23 TD children and 6 children with spastic hemiplegic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] I and II) was assessed during STS movement performance and during static standing conditions with the use of a force plate. The data obtained from the force plate were used to calculate CoP variables: anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) amplitudes of CoP displacement and the area and velocity of CoP oscillation.

RESULTS:

According to the Mann-Whitney test, children with CP exhibited higher CoP values in all of the analyzed variables during the beginning of STS movement. Pearson''s correlation verified a positive correlation between the CoP variables during both static conditions and the performance of STS movement.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children with spastic hemiplegic CP present major postural oscillations during the beginning of STS movement compared with typical children. Moreover, the observed relationship between postural control in static and dynamic conditions reveals the importance of body control in the static position for the performance of functional activities that put the body in motion, such as STS movement.     

Familial hemiplegic migraine presenting as recurrent encephalopathy in a Native Indian family

BACKGROUND: Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is an autosomal dominant disorder, which can result from mutations in the CACNA1A (FHM1) and ATP1A2 (FHM2) genes. Typically, FHM presents with an aura of hemiplegia accompanied by a moderate-to-severe headache. FHM can be associated with other neurological findings including coma and seizures. METHODS: We describe the clinical and genetic features of a two-generation, seven-member Native Indian family with recurrent encephalopathy and FHM. RESULTS: Two of the three affected family members presented initially with encephalopathy, the third family member presented with classic episodes of migraine and hemiparesis. The CACNA1A gene locus was excluded in this family by haplotype analysis and no mutations were identified in the coding region of the ATP1A2 gene by direct sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: This emphasizes the genetic and clinical heterogeneity in familial hemiplagic migraine FHM and highlights the need to consider the diagnosis of FHM in cases of recurrent encephalopathy.     

偏瘫肩痛患者肩胛肌肉的表面肌电特征研究

目的:应用表面肌电技术探讨偏瘫肩痛患者在上肢特定功能动作中肩胛肌肉的表面肌电特征。方法:选取2019年1月至2019年6月在无锡市同仁康复医院住院的脑卒中后偏瘫肩痛者21例作为偏瘫肩痛试验组(HSP组);年龄、性别以及其他因素与HSP组相匹配的健康志愿者22例为健康对照组。应用表面肌电技术记录HSP组患侧和对照组利手侧上斜方肌(upper trapezius,UT)、中斜方肌(middle trapezius,MT)、下斜方肌(lower trapezius,LT)和前锯肌(serratus anterior,SA)在最大等长收缩(MVIC)以及"够物"动作中的表面肌电信号,原始信号经处理后对比分析肌电特征,包括目标肌肉激活水平(MVIC%)和激活比率(UT/LT、UT/SA、MT/SA)。结果:(1)比较"够物"动作过程中各目标肌肉激活水平:HSP组UT激活水平(MVIC%)大于健康对照组,具有显著差异(P0.01);SA和LT激活水平明显小于对照组(P0.01);两组之间MT的MVIC%值无显著性差异(P0.05)。(2)各目标肌肉的在"够物"过程中UT/LT、UT/SA、MT/SA激活比率情况对比:HSP组的UT/LT、UT/SA、MT/SA的激活比率均高于健康对照组(P0.05)。结论:偏瘫肩痛患者在够物过程中表面肌电存在异常特征性改变。在运动学上,表面肌电用于评估该类患者肩胛骨的运动具有相当可行性,可定量评估其运动功能障碍并为临床康复治疗提供客观指导。     

Episodes of acute confusion or psychosis in familial hemiplegic migraine

Nine members, from four generations, of a single family presented with various manifestations of hemiplegic migraine. All but one have suffered episodes of acute confusion and/or psychosis. Often neither headache nor neurological signs were present at the time these mental changes occurred and in several cases the correct diagnosis was only made when the familial nature of the problem came to be recognised.     

Familial hemiplegic migraine--a reappraisal and a long-term follow-up study

Six patients (two females and four males in one family) with hemiplegic migraine are described. The age of onset was between six and eighteen years. Hemiplegic attacks were usually accompanied by transient neurological disturbances referable to the territory of the vertebrobasilar arterial tree. Brain-stem involvement and vertebrobasilar dysfunction in the reported family was supported by angiography in one case, revealing a marked and prolonged spasm of the basilar artery. Despite its dramatic character and occasionally prolonged deficits the course was essentially benign. Hemiplegic attacks disappeared during adolescence in five of the six patients. No permanent neurological residual phenomena were encountered during a mean follow-up of 14 years. The possibility is raised of a genetically determined susceptibility to periodic vasoconstriction in a particular vascular area as the basis of the syndrome.