Contesting lifestyle risk and gendering coronary candidacy: lay epidemiology of heart disease in Finland in the 1970s

This study addresses two issues currently under critical discussion in the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the relative neglect of women and the individualised nature of key risk factors. It focuses on the North Karelia project (NKP), a community programme aimed at coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention in a predominantly rural Finnish region in the early 1970s, that is, during a period when the epidemiological understanding of CVD still was relatively new and actively promoted. Adopting the notions of lay epidemiology and coronary candidacy, culturally mediated explanatory models lay people use to assess who is likely to develop heart disease and why, the study shows that locals targeted by the project critically engaged with both of these bias. Based on the rich materials resulting from project activities the study shows, first, how many locals subsumed the individualised and lifestyle‐based approach to CHD prevention promoted by NKP under a more general framework emphasising the health effects of ongoing structural changes in the area, and second, how women constructed themselves as viable coronary candidates. The case supports the position in the current discussions on lay expertise that wants to integrate lay experiences more firmly into epidemiological studies and public health.     

老年冠心病患者益处发现体验的质性研究

目的探讨老年冠心病患者的益处发现体验。方法 2016年12月至2017年1月,采用目的抽样法选取上海市某三级甲等医院心内科收治的老年冠心病患者11例为研究对象。采用现象学研究方法,对其进行半结构访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析访谈资料,提炼出主题。结果患者的益处发现表现为感恩、新的生活哲学、新的可能性、领悟社会支持、健康相关行为改变及利他行为等6个主题。结论医护人员应该具有心理护理的相关知识,能够识别患者益处发现的表现,可以通过增加患者对疾病的认知,改变患者的行为,从而促进患者体验到更多的益处发现,进而促进患者良好的心理适应,提高其遵医依从性,改善身心健康。     

一站式复合技术治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病进展

一站式复合(one-stop hybrid)技术是外科、内科、影像科、麻醉科等各个学科之间的完美结合,是多学科知识和技术的融合。一站式复合技术充分结合外科治疗和介入治疗技术的优点,以患者为中心,达到创伤、痛苦最小化,疗效最大化。近年来,随着该技术的发展,已经成功用于复杂冠心病的治疗并显示出特有的优势。本文总结一站式复合技术在冠心病中的应用现状,并对其未来发展方向进行讨论。     

Ductal stent endocarditis resulting in a large aortic pseudoaneurysm

An infant with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow who underwent neonatal ductal stenting and, 4 months later, developed ductal stent endocarditis due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus was described. The infection was associated with a moderate aortic pseudoaneurysm and the patient was treated with antibiotics as well as surgical aortic pseudoaneurysm repair. This novel and unusual complication of ductal stent placement warrants reporting.     

Heart rate variability during wakefulness as a marker of obstructive sleep apnea severity

Study ObjectivesPatients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibit heterogeneous heart rate variability (HRV) during wakefulness and sleep. We investigated the influence of OSA severity on HRV parameters during wakefulness in a large international clinical sample.Methods1247 subjects (426 without OSA and 821 patients with OSA) were enrolled from the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium. HRV parameters were calculated during a 5-minute wakefulness period with spontaneous breathing prior to the sleep study, using time-domain, frequency-domain and nonlinear methods. Differences in HRV were evaluated among groups using analysis of covariance, controlling for relevant covariates.ResultsPatients with OSA showed significantly lower time-domain variations and less complexity of heartbeats compared to individuals without OSA. Those with severe OSA had remarkably reduced HRV compared to all other groups. Compared to non-OSA patients, those with severe OSA had lower HRV based on SDNN (adjusted mean: 37.4 vs. 46.2 ms; p < 0.0001), RMSSD (21.5 vs. 27.9 ms; p < 0.0001), ShanEn (1.83 vs. 2.01; p < 0.0001), and Forbword (36.7 vs. 33.0; p = 0.0001). While no differences were found in frequency-domain measures overall, among obese patients there was a shift to sympathetic dominance in severe OSA, with a higher LF/HF ratio compared to obese non-OSA patients (4.2 vs. 2.7; p = 0.009).ConclusionsTime-domain and nonlinear HRV measures during wakefulness are associated with OSA severity, with severe patients having remarkably reduced and less complex HRV. Frequency-domain measures show a shift to sympathetic dominance only in obese OSA patients. Thus, HRV during wakefulness could provide additional information about cardiovascular physiology in OSA patients.Clinical Trial Information: A Prospective Observational Cohort to Study the Genetics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Associated Co-Morbidities (German Clinical Trials Register - DKRS, DRKS00003966) https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00003966     

功能性单心室全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术后管理

目的:探讨全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术(total cavopulmonany correction,TCPC)治疗功能性单心室的术后管理经验。方法:2012年1月~2013年6月我院共行TCPC手术60(男43,女17)例;年龄(5.5±1.7)岁,体质量(18±4)kg。术前脉搏血氧饱和度(80±7)%,血色素(181±17)g/L。术前射血分数(EF)(64±7)%,平均肺动脉指数(371±234)mm2/m2,Mcgoon比(2.2±0.7),术前平均肺动脉压(12±4)mm Hg。60例患者均在全身麻醉、体外循环并行辅助下手术,5例因同期行心内畸形矫治需阻断主动脉。心外管道为直径18~22 mm Gore-tex血管,术毕开窗25例(42%)。为保证患者术后顺利恢复,治疗方面必须注意以下几点:1降低肺血管阻力。2保证足够的容量负荷。3增加心肌收缩力。4控制心律失常。5妥善处理胸腔积液。6术后常规抗凝。结果:患者住院期间有2例(3%)死亡。55例并行循环手术患者体外循环时间(112±52)min。5例患者需要停循环修补心内畸形,主动脉阻断时间30~52 min。呼吸机使用时间(19±6)h。术后住ICU时间(5.1±2.1)d。术后胸液引流时间(15±12)d。术后住院天数(24±12)d。本组患者术后10例出现低心排综合征。5例出现急性肾功能衰竭,行腹膜透析或血液滤过治疗,其中2例死亡,余治愈出院。20例出现顽固性胸腔积液(胸引时间大于2周),25例乳糜试验阳性,1例患儿出现蛋白丢失性肠病,最终并发肺部感染死亡。4例术后出现心律失常,心律表现为短阵房性心动过速,交界性心动过速等,其中1例难以矫治的室上性心动过速导致低心排、多脏器衰竭、死亡。10例并发术后肺部感染。所有存活患儿术后腔静脉压力下降明显[(12±4)mm Hg vs.(9±3)mm Hg,P0.05],氧饱和度改善明显[(80±7)%vs.(97±4)%,P0.01],血色素恢复正常[(181±17)g/L vs.(125±29)g/L,P0.01]。结论:根据TCPC术后病理生理的改变,制定合理的治疗方案,可提高TCPC术后成功率和减少术后并发症。     

围产期子痫前期B型钠尿肽与肌酸激酶MB同工酶的对照分析

目的研究B型钠尿肽(BNP)与肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)在围产期子痫前期病情评估中的作用。方法回顾性分析82例孕妇临床资料,其中健康孕妇25例(A组)、轻度子痫前期患者18例(B组),未并发肺水肿的重度子痫前期患者22例(C组),并发心力衰竭肺水肿重度子痫前期患者17例(D组),检测产前6h内(T0)及产后6h内(T1)、产后24～36h内(T2)所测BNP、CK-MB浓度,并进行统计学分析。结果在T1时C组患者的BNP、CK-MB均高于A组和B组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=6.50、6.54、3.73、2.46,P均<0.05);而D组患者较C组更高,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=7.38、3.69,P均<0.05)。线性相关性分析显示:C、D组T1时的CK-MB与BNP之间呈正相关(r分别=0.70、0.85、P均<0.05)。在T0时,D组患者的BNP、CK-MB均高于C组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=11.61、3.43,P均<0.05),C组患者的BNP均高于A组和B组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=6.99、6.60,P均<0.05),但A、B、C组间的CK-MB比较,差异均无统计学意义(t分别=0.47、1.30、0.74,P均>0.05)。结论 BNP及CK-MB可用于围产期子痫前期患者的病情评估,BNP的敏感性更优于CK-MB。     

基于中医五行相生理论探讨心悸的治疗

随着人们生活节奏的加快及不健康的饮食习惯,心血管疾病的发病率也日益增长,如今已成为威胁人类健康的主要杀手之一。文章通过中医的五行理论及脏腑理论,探讨心血管疾病中的高发疾病心悸。